论农业生态学及其发展趋势

农业生态学是研究农业生物与农业环境之间相互关系及其作用机理和变化规律的农业应用学科。它在促进农业可持续发展等方面起着基础作用、综合作用、带动作用、关键作用和渗透作用。农业生态学的发展经历了萌芽期、产生期、发展期 ,目前已迈入完善期。新世纪农业生态学应朝着以下方面发展 :(1 )研究方法上 ,加强实验研究 ;(2 )实践应用上 ,强调实用性和可操作性 ;(3 )理论研究上 ,深化农业应用基础研究 ;(4 )技术体系上 ,突出系统性、完整性和创新性 ;(5 )硬件建设上 ,加大投入力度 ;(6)软件环境上 ,加强农业生态教育、增强生态意识、提高生态素质 ;(7)人才培养上 ,大力培养具有创新意识和实践能力的复合人才。     

高密度捆草机推广应用研究

目前,农业纤维物料成型技术在开发推广应用上不普及,高密度捆草机械系统生产上应用的不多。为此,从技术、市场上进行了全面分析研究,并在此基础上提出了几点建议,旨在使该生产技术在畜牧业发展当中发挥积极作用,以确保畜牧业得到可持续发展,草原生态得到进一步恢复。     

农业开发项目中植物激素类农用化学品环境影响评价技术研究

随着农业开发项目的加强，植物激素类农用化学品将会广泛的应用于农业生产中，而植物激素类农用化学品使用不当会导致作物减产减收、品质下降、污染等负面效应，严重影响农业生产。本文研究建立一套完整的环境影响评价技术体系，包括评价工作程序、评价内容、评价因子、评价指标、评价标准、评价技术方法和环境影响对策等方面。旨在为农业开发项目中植物激素类农用化学品环境影响评价提供必要的技术支持。     

朝阳市农机专业合作社发展分析

农机专业合作社在朝阳市农业发展中起到了重要作用。概述朝阳市农机专业合作社的基本情况与建设现状,阐述近年来朝阳市发展农机合作社采取的措施与取得的成效,分析全市农机合作社在发展中存在的问题,并提出相应的对策。     

农业用水定价政策绩效评估研究进展

阐述了国内外农业用水定价政策绩效评估的研究进展。国外研究方面,从绩效评估基本理论出发,在介绍公共政策绩效评估方法的基础上,对农业用水定价政策绩效评估取得的研究成果进行论述;国内研究方面,首先从我国农业用水现状和农业水价定价机制上进行分析,然后就农业水价对农业生产绩效影响的研究成果进行探讨,最后综述分析国内外研究成果,提出了农业用水定价政策绩效评估有待深入研究的若干议题。     

Making modern agriculture sustainable: Fam research network on agroecosystems

All forms of agriculture cause changes in the balances and fluxes of preexisting ecosystems, thereby limiting self-regulatory ecosystem (resiliency) functions. The intensive agriculture of the past, with its strong reduction of landscape structures and vast decoupling of energy and matter cycles, has caused stress and degradation of the production base; massive influence has also been exerted on neighboring compartments. This has resulted in the well known problems of pesticide loads, high phosphate loads to surface waters via over-fertilized soils or erosion as such. To overcome the economic, social and political inadequacies leading to ecological degradation, the demand for sustainable agricultural management needs to be transposed into knowledge-based practical instructions and political regulations on a regional scale. Thus, applied research for a sustainable and ecologically compatible land use aimed at sufficient food production is ever so important. In the FAM, thirty German research institutes have merged to perform research on this topic.     

Revisiting rice breeding methods – evaluating the use of rapid generation advance (RGA) for routine rice breeding

Rice production needs to increase in the future in order to meet increasing demands. The development of new improved and higher yielding varieties more quickly will be needed to meet this demand. However, most rice breeding programmes in the world have not changed in several decades. In this article, we revisit the evidence in favour of using rapid generation advance (RGA) as a routine breeding method. We describe preliminary activities at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) to re-establish RGA on a large scale as the main breeding method for irrigated rice breeding. We also describe experiences from the early adoption at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute. Evaluation of RGA breeding lines at IRRI for yield, flowering time and plant height indicated transgressive segregation for all traits. Some RGA lines were also higher yielding than the check varieties. The cost advantages of using RGA compared to the pedigree method were also empirically determined by performing an economic analysis. This indicated that RGA is several times more cost effective and advantages will be realized after 1 year even if facilities need to be built. Based on our experience, and previous independent research empirically testing the RGA method in rice, we recommend that this method should be implemented for routine rice breeding in order to improve breeding efficiency.     

中国与金砖国家农产品贸易的总体情况分析

作为世界重要农业大国的金砖国家,农产品贸易是其对外贸易中及其重要的一部分,统计资料显示,金砖国家已成为中国重要的农产品贸易伙伴。该研究选取了2008~2012年数据,从贸易规模、出口商品结构、进口商品结构以及贸易地位4个方面分析了中国与金砖国家农产品贸易的总体情况,在此基础上提出了缩小逆差规模、增加农产品附加值等促进中国与其他金砖国家农产品贸易健康发展的对策建议。     

论中国农业机械化的发展

农业是中国的立国之本,提高农业生产力有重要的意义,而农业机械化是提高农业生产力的重要手段。     

论农业科研单位图书馆数字化建设存在的问题与对策

随着计算机网络技术的高速发展,数字化图书馆已成为农业科研单位图书馆发展的必然趋势,通过对农业科研单位图书馆数字化建设方面存在的问题进行详细阐述,提出图书馆数字化建设的策略和提高电子信息资源利用率的措施,即转变思想观念、加大图书馆数字化建设的投资力度、开发馆藏资源、加强图书馆人才队伍建设,以期为农业科研单位图书馆数字化建设提供一定参考依据。