Effects of Water Deficit on the Dynamics of Flowering and Fruit Production in Capsicum chinense Jacq in a Tropical Semiarid Region of Venezuela

The degree of crop sensitivity to water deficit, during the different developmental stages of a plant, is an important aspect to consider in tropical semiarid regions. The effect of water deficit on flowering dynamics and fruit production of sweet pepper (Capsicum chinense) was evaluated under several water regimes, during three consecutive years. A complete randomized block design with three replicates was employed. Flowering dynamics and fruit production were measured weekly, and water potentials were obtained twice during the experiments. For all years, flowering began at approximately 70 days after transplanting. In the most favourable year (trial 1996), there were no differences in total flower and fruit production in terms of irrigation frequency. For the other less favourable years, flowering and fruit production were significantly different between irrigation frequencies. Our results show that low water availability, prior to flowering, reduces the number of flowers produced and retards the occurrence of maximum flowering. On the other hand, a water deficit during the period between flowering and fruit development reduces final fruit production. This suggests that a water deficit during this last stage affects final yield to a greater extent.     

Inheritance and potentials of a mutated dwarfing gene ndf1 in Brassica napus

A dwarf mutant ‘NDF‐1′, approximately 70 cm high, was derived from a 200‐cm high doubled haploid (DH) line ‘3529’ (Brassica napus), seeds of which were jointly treated with chemical inducers and bombardment of fast neutron. The leaves of the ‘NDF‐1’ mutant were wrinkled and thicker compared with the wild‐type control. The mutant had much lower values than its original parents for all agronomic traits, except for its seed weight. A genetic analysis revealed that dwarfism is under the control of a major gene (designated as ndf1) with a mainly additive effect and non‐significant dominance effect. Because of the high level of resistance to lodging, breeding programmes for double low dwarf oilseed rape and heterosis utilization were initiated. Some new dwarf strains with improved agronomic performance were developed. The hybrid of the cross between the tall parent and the dwarf line showed increased harvest index and significantly higher seed yield than the tall parent or the control variety ‘Zhongyou 821’ and presented an estimated heterosis vigour rate as high as 12.5–25.8%. The dwarf trait will be a promising marker for a simple, economic and efficient way to control the purity of F₁ hybrid varieties in hybrid production of B. napus.     

生产函数在农业生产分析中的应用

农业生产函数是表明农业投入资源与产出成果之间的技术性关系。目前,世界上最广泛应用的农业生产函数形式,被认为具有普遍意义的是 Cobb—Douglas(柯布-道格拉斯)生产函数。农业生产与工业或其他产业不同,它受外界自然条件的影响,因此,研究农业生产函数也必须注意农业生产的这一特点。在对农业生产函数定式化时,如果将各种自然条件因素一一都包含在模型中,解释变量的数目就会大大增加,这样,在模型推断时往往很难获得较理想的参数估计结果。因此,本文通过利用主成份分析的方法将多项气候条件因素归结为两个综合特性值,导入生产函数中,以替代多项自然条件因素。通过1981年农业横断面实际资料对农业生产函数的估计试验,表明在生产函数中导入综合气候条件特性值是处理气候条件因素的一种可靠的方法,并能够使农业生产函数模型获得更理想的统计推断结果。     

影响农民采用大棚蔬菜技术的因素及对策建议

对农民采用大棚蔬菜技术的影响因素进行了分析。结果表明：大棚蔬菜技术的经济效益大是农民采用大棚蔬菜技术的动力；大棚蔬菜的投入大、技术要求高、风险大，农民的文化程度低影响了农民采用大棚蔬菜技术的积极性，但通过采取一定措施，均不会影响农民采用大棚蔬菜技术的行为。     

企业改制对农业院校生产实习的影响及对策

通过分析农业院校生产实习依托企业的改制对生产实习教学带来的影响,从企业改制前后的校企关系、资金、人员、管理几方面进行综合对比,针对改制给农业高校生产实习带来的影响提出对策建议。     

关于农产品物流的供求状况分析及对策

无农不稳，无商不活，要提高我国农业发展活力，大力发展正在兴起的农产品物流是一条重要途径。从农产品物流的需求与供给状况入手分析，当前存在的问题及影响其发展的主要原因，即为流通渠道结构单一、成本高、技术落后等，今后应从增强农业各部门对农产品物流的认识，改进技术，加强基础设施建设，发展第三方物流等方面着手并加以重视，加大对农产品物流的发展。     

近红外图像和光谱分析技术在农产品品质无损检测中的应用与展望

介绍了现代近红外分析技术的发展及其技术特点,并就近红外图像技术和光谱分析技术两方面综合分析了国外利用近红外分析技术在农产品品质检测上的研究,以促进我国在该领域的研究.     

湖北省农业技术进步的地区差异分析

按照湖北省不同地区的经济发展水平，将其划分为较发达地区、次发达地区和欠发达地区三块经济区域，采用CD生产函数模型，结合河北省1995－1999年的农业统计数据，测定不同地区农业科技进步的作用。结果表明：对农业总产值增长发挥作用的因素表现为，农用物质投入起着重要作用，农业劳动力投入作用的地区差异性明显，耕地面积投入起的作用不大，地区经济发展水平与农业科技进步贡献率成反比。在此基础上，针对不同的发展区域，提出了提高农业科技进步贡献率的政策建议。     

Internet上农业信息资源的检索和利用

论述了Internet对农业信息资源的影响,介绍了Internet上农业信息的检索方式和基于WWW检索的检索技术,并列出了网上农业信息资源的主要站点     

水分影响小麦光合物质生产模拟模型的初步研究

在盆栽试验的基础上,构建了水分影响小麦光合物质生产的模拟模型。模型认为,土壤水分通过影响比叶面积而影响叶面积指数的变化,继而间接影响光合物质生产,经统计分析,不同生育阶段的叶面积指数与土壤水分有着极显著的相关性,进而对小麦群体光合作用的影响也十分明显。通过对该模型模型进行检验,比较其模拟值与实测值的拟合程度,发现模拟结果与实际结果比较一致。