劳动力老龄化对我国农业生产效率的影响

针对我国农村人口老龄化现象不断加剧,致使农业劳动力供给质量下降等问题,以2009年农村固定观察点数据为依据,分析我国农业劳动力老龄化现状,并利用柯布道格拉斯生产函数研究劳动力老龄化对农业生产效率的影响。结果表明:我国农业生产中存在严重的老龄化现象,60岁以上的劳动力占18.42%;与年轻劳动力相比,老龄劳动力的生产效率明显较低,老龄农户不仅主要生产要素的边际产值低于非老龄农户,而且耕种面积以及其他各生产要素的投入水平也均低于非老龄户,这说明农业老龄化严重制约着我国农业的发展。     

基于B/S的农业气象自动化观测系统国家级平台设计与应用

农业气象自动化观测系统国家级平台是依托中国气象局组织的农业气象自动化观测试点工作而设计开发,平台的搭建采用B/S架构实现多级用户、跨平台登录,采用XML及JSON等数据传输格式实现国家级、省级、台站级用户信息交互,实现农业气象观测XML数据传输状态的监控、台站端设备状态的评估以及数据内容的实时查询。     

农药除蜗灵对土壤微生物的影响

指出了农药除蜗灵近年来的大量使用,对土壤环境质量产生了一定的影响,进行了其对土壤-植物根际微生物数量上的影响的试验,并设计了农药浓度和施药时间的不同,从而了解了农药除蜗灵对微生物的长远影响。为农药除蜗灵的施用时间、施用浓度及其对土壤环境质量的影响提供了一定的科学依据。通过采用倾注法分离土壤中微生物,利用平板计数法进行计数,可得知农药除蜗灵对土壤中微生物的影响如下:对细菌和放线菌都产生了明显的促进作用,而对霉菌产生了显著的抑制作用。随着时间的推移,农药除蜗灵对放线菌的增加作用最先减弱,霉菌次之,细菌最晚恢复,这又说明了土壤本身对农药具有一定的净化作用。     

Analysis on Function Orientation and Development Countermeasures of New Agricultural Business Entities

Along with the rapid advance of industrialization and urbanization process, fostering new agricultural business entities become inevitable for agricultural transformation and the construction of agricultural modernization in China. The status of the new agricultural business entities determines the level of modern agricultural development. In recent years, new agricultural business entities have grew rapidly. However, there are still many problems including the difficulties in financing loans, inadequate agricultural insurance system, bad implementation of agricultural subsidies, jagged agricultural talents and so on. In order to foster new agricultural business entities, countermeasures should be carried out to ensure financial support, perfect the agricultural insurance, strengthen the level of agricultural subsidies, strive to develop the degree of specialization agricultural operators and so on.     

江西省新型农业社会化服务体系的特点与运行模式

实地调研江西省新型农业社会化服务体系建设现状，对江西省目前的新型农业社会化服务体系的特点与运行模式进行分析，针对当地在服务体系构建过程中出现的问题，提出新时期的发展建议。     

农业科研单位编制外用工的管理策略

编制外用工是农业科研单位普遍存在的用工形式。本文阐述了农业科研单位编制外用工的特点，分析了编制外用工存在问题及原因，提出从规范用工管理方式、强化考核管理、拓宽发展空间等方面提高编制外人员的工作积极性，提升编制外用工人力资源管理的效能，促进单位发展。     

Isolating the effect of soil properties on agricultural soil greenhouse gas emissions under controlled conditions

Agricultural soils are important sources of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Soil properties and environmental factors have complex interactions which influence the dynamics of these GHG fluxes. Four arable and five grassland soils which represent the range of soil textures and climatic conditions of the main agricultural areas in the UK were incubated at two different moisture contents (50 or 80% water holding capacity) and with or without inorganic fertiliser application (70 kg N ha⁻¹ ammonium nitrate) over 22 days. Emissions of N₂O, CO₂ and CH₄ were measured twice per week by headspace gas sampling, and cumulative fluxes were calculated. Multiple regression modelling was carried out to determine which factors (soil mineral N, organic carbon and total nitrogen contents, C:N ratios, clay contents and pH) that best explained the variation in GHG fluxes. Clay, mineral N and soil C contents were found to be the most important explanatory variables controlling GHG fluxes in this study. However, none of the measured variables explained a significant amount of variation in CO₂ fluxes from the arable soils. The results were generally consistent with previously published work. However, N₂O emissions from the two Scottish soils were substantially more sensitive to inorganic N fertiliser application at 80% water holding capacity than the other soils, with the N₂O emissions being up to 107 times higher than the other studied soils.     

基于Simulink的液压系统建模与仿真

针对农业机械中液压系统结构复杂、研发周期长等问题,通过分析农业机械中液压回路各个组成元件特性,基于Simulink构建元件动态数学模型。对液压回路进行研究,分析了液压回路在不同元件参数下的动态性能,为优化液压回路系统提供参考。     

基于非线性假设的农业机械化综合评价——以四川地区为例

农业机械化水平受到自然、经济、社会等多重因素影响,区域性特征非常明显,对农机化的评价维度和方法目前也未形成共识。为此,以四川省农机发展水平为例,确定四川省农业机械化评价维度后,基于几个维度的非线性关系假设,使用三维空间向量对该地区农业机械化水平进行了综合评价。     

中、美学校体育课程设置比较分析*

运用比较分析等方法，对宾夕法尼亚州和上海市学校体育课程设置进行比较分析发现，美国学校体育课程设置内容广泛，重视个体全面发展、注重人文关怀、注重各级学校体育课程衔接；提出上海市学校体育课程设置要提高衔接性、体育课程设置应该重视人文关怀，关注残疾人体育、充分利用体制优势，促进学生养成良好体育锻炼习惯、加强学校、家庭和社区的联动，构建完整体育活动圈等建议。以期为学校体育课程改革提供些许有益的参考，从而进一步促进学生身心健康。