青霉素对老化雪里蕻种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响

研究了0～500 mg/L青霉素溶液对常规和老化雪里蕻种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响.研究结果表明,不同浓度的青霉素溶液对雪里蕻种子的发芽指数、活力指数和幼苗鲜干质量的影响达到极显著水平,对雪里蕻种子发芽和幼苗生长有促进作用.同时也表明不同浓度青霉素对雪里蕻老化种子活力恢复和提高有改进作用.其中300 mg/L青霉素处理的老...     

高龄化背景下农村高龄老人照料困境解决途径探析

从我国老人高龄化概况出发,介绍了我国农村高龄老人照料境况不佳的现状,分析了原因,并提出了国家解决农村高龄老人照料问题的对策。     

老化前后湿干处理对番茄及菜花种子的效应

本文以番茄种子(“中杂4号”,“中蔬6号”)和菜花种子(“荷兰雪球”“法国雪球”)为材料,进行湿干处理。结果显示,处理的种子在不同温度条件下发芽率比对照稍有提高,而幼苗生长速度则明显加快,在人工及自然老化条件下,劣变前、后湿干处理以及劣变前后2次处理均能提高或维持种子活力,表现在发芽率,平均苗长,活力指数和贮藏物质转化效率几项指标均极显著高于对照的。浸泡液电导率的降低,表明湿干处理有利于种子细胞膜系统的修复。结果还显示,2次处理的效果更好。     

全国大型灌区工程老化状况与对策

在调查的基础上全面总结了我国大型灌区工程老化损坏的状况，在研究的基础上对工程损坏程度进行评价分级，分析了工程损坏的原因，并对灌区工程状况的改善、更新改造提出了建议。     

Sirt1 protects pig oocyte against in vitro aging

Sirtuins have been widely reported to be involved in multiple biological processes. However, their function during pig oocyte aging has not been reported yet. Here, we first identify that sirt1 expression is dramatically reduced in pig in vitro‐aged oocytes. Furthermore, by confocal scanning and quantitative analysis, we find the increased frequency of spindle defects and chromosome misalignment, disturbed redistribution of cortical granules and mitochondria during oocyte in vitro‐aging. Importantly, these aging‐associated defective phenotypes can be ameliorated through resveratrol (sirt1 activator) treatment during pig oocyte maturation, providing the evidence for the hypothesis that decreased sirt1 is one of a number of factors contributing to oocyte in vitro‐aging. In summary, our data indicate a role for sirt1 in pig oocytes and uncover a striking beneficial effect of sirt1 expression on aged oocytes.     

不同逆序衰老率小麦干物质积累特性的探索研究

为揭示小麦逆序衰老类型间干物质积累的差异和动态变化规律,以61个品种(系)作材料,分期采样,并在乳熟末期调查逆序衰老率,采用箱线图、分类变量回归等统计方法对不同逆序衰老率小麦开花后各生育阶段的干物质积累特性进行了集群间对比分析。结果表明,183个样点逆序衰老率的分布呈正偏态分布特征,不符合正态分布,参试小麦逆序衰老率为20%(10%~33%)。与低逆序衰老率小麦相比,高逆序衰老率小麦叶片衰老程度在籽粒形成期和乳熟期均较低;茎鞘干物质转运量在乳熟期和灌浆末期均较高;穗干物质积累量在籽粒形成期较低,在乳熟期较高。与逆序衰老现象紧密关联的因素有4个即籽粒形成期和乳熟期的叶片干重变化值、乳熟期和灌浆末期的茎鞘干重变化值,且后两者影响更大。高逆序衰老率小麦千粒重为44.95g(41.24~49.90g),高于低逆序衰老率小麦的43.28g(39.55~47.99g)。从本研究结果看,与低逆序衰老率小麦相比,高逆序衰老率小麦花后穗干物质积累速率呈现出"慢-快-慢"的特征,有利于籽粒的增重。     

不同日粮水平和成熟时间对牛肉质量的影响

3组未去势公牛分别采用不同日粮水平饲养并按照标准的屠宰工艺屠宰，对具有代表性的牛肉切块(背最长肌、腰大肌、半膜肌、臀中肌、臂三头肌、半腱肌)的质量指标如滴水损失、pH值、颜色、蒸煮损失、剪切力等进行了测定。结果表明，低日粮水平下牛肉pH值偏高(P＜0．05)，除腰大肌、臀中肌、臂三头肌的剪切力差异显(P＜0．05)外，对其余各项指标的影响不显。成熟时间除了对牛肉的pH值无影响外，对其他各项指标均有显影响(P＜0．05)，随着成熟时间的延长，牛肉的滴水损失、蒸煮损失呈增加的趋势，而剪切力、颜色得分呈降低趋势。牛胴体主要分割切块对成熟时间的反应不尽相同。     

Impact of fresh and aged palm shell biochar on N2O emissions,soil properties,nutrient content and yield of Komatsuna (Brassica rapa var. perviridis) under sandy soil conditions

ABSTRACT

Biochar can reduce N₂O emissions and it can be added to the soil once, whereas fertilizers are often applied every cultivation season. The aging of biochar in soil affects its functioning but it is unclear whether palm shell biochar (PSB) could still mitigate N₂O emissions even when additional basal N fertilizers are applied 1 year after the initial biochar application. We studied the impact of fresh and aged PSB (0%, 6%, 12%, and 18% w/w of dry soil) on N₂O emissions, soil properties, nutrient content and yield of Komatsuna (Brassica rapa var. perviridis) under sandy soil conditions. The aged PSB non-significantly reduced N₂O emissions but significantly offset soil acidification, and maintained a high soil nutrient status. Biochar application with fertilizer significantly increased plant tissue K and Ca content but decreased N, P and Mg content compared to the treatments without biochar. At higher application rates, biochar had negative effects on crop yield but as it aged, the negative effects were offset as a result of the similar variation in plant N uptake. Since seasonal N fertilizer application seems to be inevitable in Komatsuna cultivation, addition of biochar could be a possible way of counteracting the effects of excessive fertilizer use. Further research is needed to assess the feasible biochar application rates for Komatsuna fields in various soil types under field conditions.     

环丙沙星和镉复合污染土壤中镉的生物可给性及其动态变化

为研究环丙沙星（CIP）和镉（Cd）复合污染土壤中Cd的生物可给性,通过向无污染土壤中添加不同浓度的环丙沙星（对照:0 mg·kg^-1,Ⅰ： 5 mg·kg^-1,Ⅱ： 25 mg·kg^-1,Ⅲ： 50 mg·kg^-1）和Cd（80 mg·kg^-1）进行老化实验,运用in vitro和SHIME模型评估老化后土壤Cd的生物可给性。结果表明：不同老化天数（第1 d： D1,第30 d： D30,第60 d： D60）复合污染土壤中Cd的生物可给性有所差异。随着土壤老化时间的延长,重金属Cd的生物可给性不断降低,表现为D60 < D30 < D1。复合污染土壤中随着环丙沙星浓度的增加,D1、D30和D60胃阶段Cd的生物可给性有所变化,但处理间差异均不显著（P>0.05）; D1和D30小肠阶段Cd的生物可给性呈逐渐降低的趋势,D60小肠阶段Cd的生物可给性呈增加的趋势;在结肠阶段,D30和D60各处理（D30 CIPⅠ+Cd处理除外）Cd的生物可给性均高于对照处理,且CIPⅢ+Cd处理达到最大。胃阶段不同停留时间（20、40、60 min）Cd生物可给性动态变化结果显示,60 min时Cd的生物可给性达到最大,20 min时各处理土壤中Cd的生物可给性变幅最大,Cd的生物可给性在胃阶段不同停留时间变化呈先快后慢趋势。研究表明,环丙沙星和Cd复合污染土壤中Cd的生物可给性在胃阶段较高,在小肠和结肠阶段较低。环丙沙星的添加对胃阶段Cd的生物可给性无显著影响,而对小肠和结肠阶段Cd的生物可给性有一定的影响,与未添加环丙沙星的对照处理相比,添加25、50 mg·kg^-1环丙沙星显著提高了老化30 d结肠阶段和老化60 d小肠阶段Cd的生物可给性。     

毛竹种子人工老化过程中生理生化变化

研究人工老化过程中毛竹种子活力及其生理生化变化过程.结果表明:人工老化处理后,种子发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数均先快速下降后缓慢下降,活力指数下降较发芽率和发芽指数快.老化6天时活力指数下降72％,老化12天时种子活力基本丧失.伴随着种子活力下降,表现出种子浸出液相对电导率和可溶性糖含量升高,MDA含量升高,POD,SOD和CAT酶活性降低,可溶性蛋白质含量降低,内源GA3和IAA含量降低,ABA含量升高,GA3/ABA比值降低等一系列生理生化变化.相关分析表明:SOD活性、CAT活性、可溶性蛋白和GA3,IAA,GA3/ABA,与种子活力呈极显著正相关;种子浸出液相对电导率、MDA和ABA含量呈极显著负相关.膜脂过氧化引起的生物膜损伤是加速毛竹种子老化的重要原因,内源激素失衡也是影响种子萌发和加速老化的主要因素之一.