Arabinogalactan protein from Jatropha curcas L. seeds as TGFβ1-mediated inductor of keratinocyte in vitro differentiation and stimulation of GM-CSF,HGF, KGF and in organotypic skin equivalents

Arabinogalactan protein JC from Jatropha curcas seed endosperm (mean molecular weight 140 kDa) was isolated by cold water extraction and characterized concerning sugar and amino acid composition. At 10 and 100 µg/mL JC stimulated mitochondrial activity (MTT test) of human skin cells (HaCaT keratinocytes, fibroblasts) and the ATP status of primary keratinocytes. JC did not influence the cellular proliferation, while primary keratinocytes were triggered into differentiation status. Investigations on a potential mode of action of JC were performed on complex organotypic skin equivalents. JC induced the production of HGF, KGF and TGFβ, with TGFβ being the main inductor for the differentiation-inducing effect of JC. Also the expression of GM-CSF was stimulated strongly by JC.     

冬枣绿盲蝽成虫毒力测定与防治方法研究

通过室内和田间试验,比较了14种不同农药对冬枣绿盲蝽成虫杀伤力的差异。筛选了4种对冬枣绿盲蝽成虫具有较好杀灭作用的农药。室内试验结果表明:在14种农药中,对冬枣绿盲蝽成虫具有较好杀灭效果的有敌敌畏、氰戊菊酯、甲氰菊酯和氟虫腈。其中氟虫腈效果最好,LC50为81.57μg/g,其次为敌敌畏和氰戊菊酯,LC50分别为232.58μg/g、291.28μg/g。而大田试验,各种农药的防治效果较差。采用叶片喷雾法,5%氟虫腈乳油1000倍与20%甲氰菊酯乳油800倍防治效果最好,分别为65.94%、64.24%。土壤处理,基本无法控制成虫危害。因此必须采取多种方法才能有效控制绿盲蝽的危害。     

黄色光对黏虫成虫产卵和寿命的影响

室内条件下研究黄色光源对黏虫成虫产卵和寿命的影响。结果表明,夜间施加黄色光照射能够使黏虫的产卵前期延长1.2d(P=0.002),产卵量减少27%(P=0.001),成虫寿命延长2.3d。可见,夜间施加黄色光照射对黏虫成虫的生物学习性有一定的影响。     

光照和生长阶段对菖蒲根系泌氧的影响

以自然湖泊沉积物为研究基质,利用微型电机控制溶氧微电极实现纵向精确微位移,在照光与遮光条件下,对典型湿地植物菖蒲幼苗、成株根系根基部起总根长1/4处(根1/4)、根系中部(根1/2)、从根基部起总根长3/4处(根3/4)及根尖(根1)处根系微界面径向溶氧浓度变化进行原位精确测定.结果表明:无论有无光照,菖蒲幼苗、成株根系不同部位均存在从根表面至沉积物氧饱和度由高到低的氧扩散层,其厚度0.18-0.68 mm;根1/2、3/4、1处氧扩散能力菖蒲成株较幼苗显著增强(P＜0.01),根1/4处二者则无显著差异(P＞0.05);光照对菖蒲幼苗、成株根系不同部位氧扩散能力的影响存在差异,光照对菖蒲幼苗根1/2及菖蒲成株根1/2、根3/4处影响显著(照光组显著高于遮光组,P＜0.01),而对菖蒲幼苗根1/4、根3/4、根1及菖蒲成株根1/4、根1处无显著影响(P＞0.05);从根系泌氧空间差异上看,照光条件下菖蒲幼苗、成株分别表现为根1/2＞根3/4≈根1≈根1/4 (P＜0.01,P＞0.05)和根1/2＞根3/4＞根1＞根1/4( P＜0.01),遮光条件下菖蒲幼苗、成株分别表现为根1/2≈根3/4≈根1≈根1/4( P＞0.05)和根1/2＞根3/4≈根1＞根1/4( P＜0.01,P＞0.05).     

成体小鼠骨髓中神经干细胞的分离与培养

在无菌条件下抽取成体小鼠骨髓,在含体积分数1%B27,20ng/mLEGF和10ng/mLbFGF的F12-DMEM(1∶1)培养基中,于37℃、50mL/LCO2饱和湿度下常规培养,对培养的细胞进行nestin免疫荧光染色检测,并将pEGFP-N2基因在80V、80μs条件下采用电击法转化导入神经干细胞中。结果表明,培养7d后,有大部分细胞聚集成团,并大量增殖;Nestin免疫荧光染色后呈阳性;导入pEGFP-N2基因的神经干细胞培养后在荧光显微镜下可观察到绿色荧光。表明从成体小鼠获得的骨髓,在该试验培养条件下有神经干细胞生成,并且外源标记基因pEGFP-N2在其细胞中实现了表达。     

Histamine receptors mediate contraction of reticular groove smooth muscle of adult goats

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of histamine and to characterise its receptor subtypes in reticular groove (RG) smooth muscle of adult goats. The studies were done using floor and lip regions of RG. We used tension experiments on smooth muscle of RG isolated from adult goat for functional characterisation of H₁ and H₂ receptors. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry experiments were conducted for molecular characterisation of these receptors. Histamine evoked concentration-dependent contraction of isolated RG circular and longitudinal smooth muscle preparation. Pyrilamine antagonised the action of histamine. Histamine did not induce any relaxant effect on RG preparations. Additionally, cimetidine did not produce any significant effect on histamine-induced response. Non-selective histaminic receptor antagonist cyproheptadine attenuated the contraction response to histamine in the smooth muscle. Molecular characterisation and localisation of H₁ and H₂ receptor proteins confirmed the presence of these receptors in RG. It is most likely that histamine-induced contractile effect in RG smooth muscle of goats is mediated by H₁ histaminic receptors.     

茶翅蝽成虫对不同植物种类的选择偏好性

茶翅蝽是一种重要的农林害虫,近年来在我国的发生为害程度呈现加重趋势。本文通过田间小区试验和室内行为研究,评价了茶翅蝽成虫对不同植物种类的选择偏好程度。在田间25科115种植物中,84种植物上调查到茶翅蝽成虫,种群发生密度整体较低,但寒麻、芝麻、红麻、籽粒苋、向日葵、大豆、白花菜等植物上成虫密度相对偏高。在室内Y型嗅觉仪测试中,与空白对照相比,茶翅蝽雌雄成虫对苗期和花期的向日葵、大豆、白花菜植株气味均表现出了明显的趋好行为。上述研究结果为深入解析我国茶翅蝽区域分布与发生消长规律提供了科学依据。     

Adult nutrition affects reproduction and flight performance of the invasive fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda in China

Floral resources, such as carbohydrate-rich nectar or pollen, can bolster fitness and raise reproductive output of adult lepidopterans. Here, we used laboratory experiments to assess how those plant-derived foods impact adult fecundity, reproductive physiology and flight performance of an invasive strain of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda(FAW; Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in China. More specifically, supplementary feeding on bee pollen and honey enhanced FAW flight duration, testis size, ovarian development, longevity and adult fecundity. FAW adults attained the longest pre-oviposition(10.8 days) and oviposition period(6.8 days) and longevity(19.2 days) on 5% acacia honey. Upon access to 2.5% acacia honey and 2.5‰ pine pollen, S. frugiperda attained the highest mating rate(79.7%), fecundity(644.9 eggs/female) and egg hatching rate(82.3%). Feeding on honey further delayed decay of male testes, while ovarian development was enhanced when female moths were allowed access to 2.5% honey and 2.5‰ pine pollen. Upon feeding on 5% honey solution, S. frugiperda engaged in flight over the longest duration(9.5 h), distance(29.9 km) and speed(3.1 km h~(–1)). Honey had a comparatively greater effect on the above parameters than pollen. Our findings help decipher FAW invasion patterns and population dynamics, facilitate the development of nutritional attractants, and contribute to integrated pest management of this newly-invasive pest in eastern Asia.     

害虫成虫防治技术研究与应用

主要综述了害虫成虫的防治策略及传统的防治技术。并着重的探讨了迅速发展的新的害虫成虫防治技术,分析了成虫防治技术的优点和局限性,让防治能起到事半功倍的效果,从根本上改变害虫防治中的过分依赖化学农药的局面,减缓由此导致的日趋严重的害虫抗药性和环境污染等一系列经济生态学问题,为未来农业的可持续性发展奠定基础。