福建乌龙茶种质离体保存研究Ⅱ 无菌系继代增殖与生根

本试验以铁观音茶树成年茎段离体培养诱导的丛生芽作为研究材料,探讨无菌系的继代增殖和生根。试验结果表明：适宜茶树成年茎段无菌系继代增殖的培养基为1/2MS＋1.0mg/L6-BA＋0.2mg/LIAA＋0.2mg/LGA3,培养基中附加8g/L琼脂糖,30g/L蔗糖,pH5.6。在此继代培养基上进行增殖,茶树成年茎段平均增殖率为7.57,最高增殖率可达13。适合茶树成年茎段离体培养生根的培养基是1/2MS＋3mg/LIBA＋30g/L蔗糖＋7g/L琼脂糖;研究还表明随着继代生长时间的延长,生根率提高,最早生根的天数缩短。     

The transition time from the juvenile phase to the adult phase differs in soybean cultivars ‘Enrei’ and ‘Peking’

Plants develop juvenile phase to adult phase in vegetative stage. Although soybean is a very important crop worldwide, there has been only one study of the juvenile–adult phase change. In this study, we determined that the juvenile–adult phase change occurred at different stages in two soybean cultivars that differ in their photosensitivity. Cultivar ‘Enrei’ (E1e2e3E4) is weakly photosensitive and cultivar ‘Peking’ (E1E2E3E4) is strongly photosensitive. In ‘Enrei’, the leaf size gradually increased at a constant leaf position regardless of the difference in day length. In ‘Peking’ plants transferred to short‐day conditions at several leaf development stages, leaf size gradually increased at different leaf positions. Expression of miR156 by ‘Enrei’ transferred to short‐day conditions had nearly the same pattern as that of ‘Enrei’ grown under long‐day conditions. In ‘Peking’, the expression of miR156 had different patterns in younger leaves of plants subjected to either a short‐day treatment or long‐day conditions. These results indicate that the E2 and E3 loci that regulate photosensitivity also regulate the expression of miR156 and the juvenile–adult phase change in soybean.     

光肩星天牛的成虫监测和适期防治分析

以光肩星天牛的发生规律和危害特征为基础,应用引诱剂对其成虫进行动态监测,根据监测数据并结合其生活习性确定防治适期和防治方法,为光肩星天牛的监测和防治提供参考。     

Arabinogalactan protein from Jatropha curcas L. seeds as TGFβ1-mediated inductor of keratinocyte in vitro differentiation and stimulation of GM-CSF,HGF, KGF and in organotypic skin equivalents

Arabinogalactan protein JC from Jatropha curcas seed endosperm (mean molecular weight 140 kDa) was isolated by cold water extraction and characterized concerning sugar and amino acid composition. At 10 and 100 µg/mL JC stimulated mitochondrial activity (MTT test) of human skin cells (HaCaT keratinocytes, fibroblasts) and the ATP status of primary keratinocytes. JC did not influence the cellular proliferation, while primary keratinocytes were triggered into differentiation status. Investigations on a potential mode of action of JC were performed on complex organotypic skin equivalents. JC induced the production of HGF, KGF and TGFβ, with TGFβ being the main inductor for the differentiation-inducing effect of JC. Also the expression of GM-CSF was stimulated strongly by JC.     

冬枣绿盲蝽成虫毒力测定与防治方法研究

通过室内和田间试验,比较了14种不同农药对冬枣绿盲蝽成虫杀伤力的差异。筛选了4种对冬枣绿盲蝽成虫具有较好杀灭作用的农药。室内试验结果表明:在14种农药中,对冬枣绿盲蝽成虫具有较好杀灭效果的有敌敌畏、氰戊菊酯、甲氰菊酯和氟虫腈。其中氟虫腈效果最好,LC50为81.57μg/g,其次为敌敌畏和氰戊菊酯,LC50分别为232.58μg/g、291.28μg/g。而大田试验,各种农药的防治效果较差。采用叶片喷雾法,5%氟虫腈乳油1000倍与20%甲氰菊酯乳油800倍防治效果最好,分别为65.94%、64.24%。土壤处理,基本无法控制成虫危害。因此必须采取多种方法才能有效控制绿盲蝽的危害。     

Genes Lr48 and Lr49 for hypersensitive adult plant leaf rust resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The genetic bases of leaf rust resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) line CSP44, selected from the Australian cultivar Condor, and Indian cultivar VL404, were studied. The reaction patterns of CSP44 and VL404 against Indian races 12, 77, 77-1, 77-2, 77-3, 77-4, 77-5 and 108 were different from reaction patterns shown by near-isogenic lines with known adult plant resistance (APR) genes, viz. Lr12, Lr13, Lr22b and Lr34. Although the reaction patterns of CSP44 and VL404 were similar to the near-isogenic line Tc+Lr22a, tests of allelism indicated absence of Lr22a in both CSP44 and VL404. On the basis of genetic studies, their resistances in field tests against race 77-5, the most virulent race from the Indian sub-continent, were each ascribed to two genes. One of the two genes in each wheat was identified to be the non-hypersensitive APR gene Lr34. The second APR genes in CSP44 and VL404 gave hypersensitive reaction types and were recessive and dominant, respectively. The gene in CSP44 was designated Lr48and the gene in VL404, Lr49. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mapping QTL involved in adult plant resistance to powdery mildew in the winter wheat line RE714 in two susceptible genetic backgrounds

The objective was to study the genetic basis of adult plant resistance to powdery mildew of the winter wheat line RE714 by quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis and to investigate the stability of the QTL detected in two different genetic backgrounds. Two DH populations from the crosses between RE714 and the susceptible parents ‘Festin’ and ‘Hardi’ were used. Reaction of the DH lines to powdery mildew was assessed in different environments in Belgium under natural disease infection. Considering both populations and according to the environment tested, one to seven QTL were detected. Among them, residual effects of the race‐specific resistance genes Pm4b and MIRE were found. Two major QTL were very stable (on chromosome 5D and at the MIRE locus), since they were detected in both populations and over all environments tested. The QTL detected varied according to the susceptible parent used, and a residual effect at the Pm4b gene was not observed with the genetic background of ‘Hardi’.     

Seedling and adult plant resistance to yellow rust in Iranian bread wheats

In order to evaluate wheat response to yellow rust, 25 advanced, promising and commercial bread wheat cultivars were tested as seedlings in greenhouse conditions in Karaj, Iran, and as adult plants in field conditions at four locations. Five pathotypes of yellow rust, 14E176A⁺, 134E142A+, 6E210A+, 4E128A- and 64E146A+ prevailing in field test locations, were used in the seedling tests. The results showed that some of the cultivars have seedling or overall resistance to the pathotypes and some have adult plant resistance. Cultivars M-70-4 and MV17 were resistant to all pathotypes as seedlings and showed good adult plant resistance. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Characterization of the durable resistance to yellow rust in old winter wheat cultivars in the Netherlands

Summary Winter wheat cultivars released in the Netherlands before 1930 carried durable resistance to yellow rust. Cultivars released in the period between 1930 and 1950 often were durably resistant while recent cultivars infrequently showed durable resistance. This durable resistance was not difficult to transfer to new cultivars. Twenty nine older cultivars with durable resistance and eight recent non-durably resistant cultivars were tested in the seedling stage and in the adult plant stage against 12 West-European yellow rust races and against some non-European races in the seedling stage only. The adult plant tests were carried out in race nursery tests in the Flevopolder. Per race nursery all 37 cultivars, planted in hills of about 20 plants on both sides of the highly susceptible cv. Michigan Amber, were exposed to one race.The infection type of each cultivar-race combination was scored on 0 to 9 scale once in the seedling stage and twice in the adult plant stage. In the race nurseries the percentage leaf area affected was evaluated three times to be used to calculate the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). This AUDPC multiplied with the mean infection type in the field gave the susceptibility index (SI).The infection types were classified into resistant (R), intermediate (I) or susceptible (S) when the infection types were 0 to 3, 4 to 6 or 7 to 9, respectively. Four categories of resistance were discerned on the basis of the three infection type scores: 1) RRR, overall resistance; complete or near-complete resistant at all stages. 2) SRR, adult plant resistance, complete- or near-complete resistant at the adult plant stage only. 3) SRS and SSR, temperature sensitive resistance, the resistance changed from the one evaluation data to the other. 4) SSS and an SI lower than that of Michigan Amber, partial resistance.The frequencies of overall, adult plant and temperature sensitive resistance were 1.4, 52 and 54% in the older cultivars and 40, 62 and 22% in the recent ones, respectively. Among the older cultivars all had a fair to high level of partial resistance, the SI being on average only 20% of that of Michigan Amber, while most cultivars also seemed to carry temperature sensitive resistance. The partial resistance of the recent cultivars was of a much lower level with a mean SI compared to that of Michigan Amber of 61%. Partial resistance was highly correlated (r = –0.94) with the mean resistance scores from the Dutch Recommended Cultivars Lists. It was concluded that partial resistance and temperature sensitive resistance were the major components of the durable resistance in the older cultivars.     

The Influence of Plant Developmental Stage on Expression of Resistance to leaf Rust (Puccinia recondita) in Two Near Isogenic Lines of Wheat

Cultivar ‘Thatcher’, and ‘Thatcher’ lines with Lr 21 and Lr 22 were studied against a number of races of Puccinia recondita for seedling and adult plant reaction. The study has established that Lr 21 and Lr 22 are genes effective against P. recondita at adult plant stage. It has also shown that these genes confer resistance against all races when plants are inoculated at boot leaf stage.