Kinetics of Hg adsorption onto noncrystalline Al hydroxide as influenced by low-molecular-weight organic ligands

This study was conducted to investigate the kinetics of Hg adsorption by noncrystalline Al hydroxide as influenced by various pH conditions and cysteine (cys), glycine (gly), and citric acid (cit), which have different structures and functionalities, as low-molecular-weight organic ligands using the GEOCHEM-PC software. The influence of these organic ligands on the kinetics of Hg adsorption varied according to their concentration, structure, and functionality and pH. The adsorption of Hg followed multiple first order kinetics with initial rapid adsorption, followed by slow adsorption. Cysteine suppressed or enhanced Hg adsorption, depending on pH and its concentration. Glycine and citric acid exerted suppressing and enhancing effects, respectively, with the exception of at pH 4.5 and at lower concentrations, at which no influence was observed as compared to the control. Two mechanisms were thought to mediate the adsorption of Hg(II); specific surface complexation in the control, cysteine and glycine systems, and ligand exchange in the citric acid system. The Hg adsorption at all levels of organic ligands decreased with increasing pH, with the exception of at the higher concentration of cysteine, at which the reverse trend was observed. The influence of organic ligands on the dynamics of Hg in the freshwater environment merits further study.     

Sorption of Cr(VI) on the wood of Japanese larch treated with concentrated sulfuric acid

A carbonaceous sorbent was prepared from the wood of Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis) by dehydration with concentrated sulfuric acid in a 69% yield. The abilities of the sorbent to remove Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions were investigated. Research parameters included the initial solution pH, temperature, and initial concentration of Cr(VI) in solution. The removal of Cr(VI) was highly solution pH dependent and was mainly governed by physicochemical sorption under weak acidic conditions. The equilibrium data fit well in the Langmuir isotherm model. The Langmuir constants were calculated at different temperatures, and the sorption capacity increased with rising temperature, indicating the endothermic nature of the Cr(VI) sorption onto the sorbent. The desorption experiments suggest that the Cr(VI) sorption is generally irreversible, owing to strong interaction of HCrO ₄ ⁻ with the active sites of the sorbent.     

快速测定活性炭对环己烷吸附荷量的方法：迎头色谱穿透曲线法

长期以来都是通过测定四氯化碳荷量或吸苯率，来评价用于气相吸附活性炭的吸附性能。由于四氯化碳是剧毒试剂，苯是致癌物质、所以本文改用环己烷作为吸附质，通过测定各种活性炭对环己烷的吸附等温线，详细讲话他环己烷荷量作为评价活性炭吸附性能的条件。并介绍了快速测定活性炭对环己烷的吸附荷量的迎头色谱穿透曲线法。     

纤维素基吸附剂的研究进展

纤维素作为自然界中储量最大的天然高分子材料，具有价廉易得、易被微生物降解、不会给环境带来第二次污染等特点，长期以来对其开发利用一直是科技工作者研究的热点。本文主要综述了近年来纤维素基吸附剂的研究进展，并简要介绍了其作为金属离子吸附剂、特殊用途吸附剂等的结构性能特点，展望了其发展前景。     

甲醛吸附用载铜活性炭孔结构和表面化学性质研究

采用CuC l2溶液对椰壳活性炭进行改性,制备高容量甲醛吸附活性炭。以扫描电镜(SEM)观测改性前后活性炭的表面形貌;用低温液氮吸附(N2/77K)来表征铜盐浓度的改变对活性炭孔隙结构的影响;用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析活性炭表面元素组成及存在形式;用X射线衍射(XRD)研究载铜活性炭的晶形结构;以常温动态吸附评价活性炭对甲醛的吸附性能。研究结果表明:改性活性炭中铜以Cu、CuC l及CuC l23种形式存在,改性活性炭微孔数量减少,介孔比例提高;同时,随铜盐浓度增加,活性炭的比表面积和孔容减少,平均孔径变大;改性后活性炭表面含氧官能团数量增加。当CuC l2浓度为0.5 mol/L时,制备的改性活性炭对甲醛的吸附容量(4.28 mg/g)是原料活性炭(1.38 mg/g)的3.1倍,甲醛在改性活性炭上的吸附行为符合Freundlich吸附模型。     

测定活性炭对四氯化碳吸附值的新方法─—迎头色谱穿透曲线法

提出了一种快速测定活性炭对四氯化碳的吸附值新方法。详细介绍了测定的系统装置、控制条件和操作步骤；阐明了通过穿透曲线测定活性炭对四氯化碳吸附值的原理；分析了规定的四氯化碳吸附值的物理意义。该方法测定快速、操作简易，数据精度符合要求。     

环氧氯丙烷改性亚麻对碱性品红的吸附研究

以亚麻废料(FW)为原料,制备了环氧氯丙烷修饰的亚麻吸附剂(EP),并对其吸附碱性品红的性能做了较系统的研究。结果表明:未修饰的(FW)和环氧氯丙烷修饰的亚麻废料吸附剂(EP)对碱性品红吸附的最佳吸附时间均为180min,最大吸附量(q)值分别为77.04mg/g和86.35mg/g。最佳固液比为4.27时,对应的最大脱色率(E%)值分别为86.27%和93.15%。     

硝酸钙泥与硝酸镁泥磷吸附特性研究

对硝酸钙泥、硝酸镁泥两种化工废渣的磷吸附特性进行了研究。结果表明：用Langmuir方程能很好地拟合300℃焙烧后的硝酸钙泥硝酸镁泥和500℃焙烧后的硝酸钙泥硝酸镁泥对磷的等温吸附。300℃、500℃焙烧后的硝酸钙泥、硝酸镁泥的磷最大吸附量分别为37．45、32．36、35．59、28．82mg/g ,表面吸附强度因子分别为1．5615、0．2946、0．2948、0．2882mL/g ,最大缓冲能力分别为58．48、9．53、10．49、8．31mL/g。对磷的吸附效果最好的是300℃焙烧后的硝酸钙泥。300℃、500℃焙烧后硝酸钙泥、硝酸镁泥对磷的去除率达到83％～99％左右。去除率最好的是300℃的硝酸钙泥。     

Effect of Crop-Straw Derived Biochars on Pb(Ⅱ) Adsorption in Two Variable Charge Soils

Two variable charge soils were incubated with biochars derived from straws of peanut, soybean, canola, and rice to investigate the effect of the biochars on their chemical properties and Pb（II） adsorption using batch experiments. The results showed soil cation exchange capacity （CEC） and pH significantly increased after 30 d of incubation with the biochars added. The incorporation of the biochars markedly increased the adsorption of Pb（II）, and both the electrostatic and non-electrostatic adsorption mechanisms contributed to Pb（II） adsorption by the variable charge soils. Adsorption isotherms illustrated legume- straw derived biochars more greatly increased Pb（II） adsorption on soils through the non-electrostatic mechanism via the formation of surface complexes between Pb（II） and acid functional groups of the biochars than did non-legume straw biochars. The adsorption capacity of Pb（II） increased, while the desorption amount slightly decreased with the increasing suspension pH for the studied soils, especially in a high suspension pH, indicating that precipitation also plays an important role in immobilizing Pb（II） to the soils.     

神农香菊花、茎和叶香气成分的组成分析

【目的】对神农香菊花、叶、茎的香气成分进行测定及比对分析,为研究和利用神农香菊独特的芳香性状提供理论基础。【方法】采用静态顶空吸附结合直接热脱附法-气相色谱/质谱联用(DTD-GC/MS)技术,对神农香菊花、叶、茎中的挥发性成分进行分析,用保留指数辅助定性及峰面积归一法对香气成分的相对含量进行测定及比对分析。【结果】神农香菊花朵中检测出的挥发物种类最多,共72种,其中同时存在于花、叶、茎香气中的挥发物有55种。萜烯类化合物含量在花、茎、叶香气中均占到总挥发物成分的80%以上,其中侧柏酮含量最高(50%),其他含量大于1%的重要成分有樟脑、桉树脑、β-石竹烯和大根香叶烯等。神农香菊花朵释放的香气量最多,茎、叶次之。【结论】神农香菊香气主要由萜烯类化合物组成,其花、茎、叶香气组成相似,但各成分含量有所差异。