小麦条锈菌果胶酶基因PsPL1的克隆与功能分析

【目的】研究小麦条锈菌果胶酶基因PsPL1的功能,确定其在小麦条锈菌侵染过程中的作用,为揭示小麦与病原菌互作的分子机理奠定理论基础。【方法】利用RACE技术扩增PsPL1基因全长,通过qRT-PCR对PsPL1的表达特征进行分析,并在酵母系统中验证其编码蛋白信号肽的分泌功能,最后通过HIGS技术沉默PsPL1基因,确定其在条锈菌侵染小麦过程中的作用。【结果】克隆得到PsPL1基因全长,其ORF长471bp,编码157个氨基酸;经预测PsPL1蛋白包含一个果胶酶保守结构域,N端含有一段由21个氨基酸组成的信号肽序列;经酵母系统验证,确定PsPL1蛋白信号肽具有分泌功能;qRT-PCR分析发现,PsPL1在条锈菌侵染早期表达上调;利用HIGS技术沉默PsPL1基因后,条锈菌的产孢量没有发生明显变化。【结论】成功克隆了小麦条锈菌果胶酶基因PsPL1,明确了其分泌特性及表达特征。     

植物半胱氨酸合成酶复合体(SAT/OAS-TL)研究进展

综述了植物半胱氨酸的合成调节和半胱氨酸合成酶复合体的结构、调节机理及其植物转基因的研究进展。     

异柠檬酸裂解酶抑制剂对L-谷氨酸合成的影响

[目的]研究琥珀酸和苹果酸对L-谷氨酸合成的影响。[方法]以谷氨酸棒杆菌的典型茵株Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032为供试菌株,研究琥珀酸和苹果酸对细胞生长、L-谷氨酸的合成、发酵液中的残糖量以及细胞中异柠檬酸裂解酶活性的影响。[结果]琥珀酸对异柠檬酸裂解酶的活性具有部分抑制作用。在0-5．0g／L范围内,琥珀酸的添加提高了L-谷氨酸发酵的糖酸转化率,细胞生长和L-谷氨酸分泌受到抑制,残糖量增大。苹果酸的添加降低了异柠檬酸裂解酶的活性和L-谷氨酸的产量,残糖量和细胞生长没有明显的规律性变化。同时添加琥珀酸和苹果酸各2．0g/L时,异柠檬酸裂解酶的活性和细胞生长都有所下降,L-谷氨酸的产量和残糖量没有明显变化。[结论]添加琥珀酸增加了L-谷氨酸的产量,添加苹果酸则降低了L-谷氨酸的产量。     

藻蓝蛋白α亚基裂合酶的分子克隆和酶动力学研究

为了比较研究不同藻种中藻蓝蛋白裂合酶CpcE/F的结构与功能的差异,对Anabaena sp.PCC 7120中的CpcE/F进行克隆,并进行大量表达,将表达的裂合酶CpcE/F用于藻蓝胆素(PCB)与Mastigocladus laminosus PCC 7603藻蓝蛋白α-亚基(α-PC)脱辅基蛋白(CpcA)的体外重组,得到天然活性的α-PC,从而表明CpcE/F所编码的蛋白质是α-PC生物合成的裂合酶,并对CpcE/F的酶动力学进行了初步研究。     

拮抗菌与病原菌处理对采后桃果实多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶及苯丙氨酸解氨酶的诱导

 Pichiamembranefaciens能有效抑制桃果实采后软腐病。笔者观测和比较接种拮抗酵母菌P .mem branefaciens和软腐病菌Rhizopusstolonifer对采后桃果实多酚氧化酶 (PPO)、过氧化物酶 (POD)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性的诱导情况。试验结果表明 ,桃果实接种P .membranefaciens +R .stolonifer 2 4h后 ,PPO和PAL活性开始升高 ,并在整个试验过程中一直保持较高的水平。只接种R .stolonifer也能诱导桃果实PPO和PAL活性的增加 ,但效果不如接种拮抗菌 +病原菌的好。然而 ,接种拮抗菌 +病原菌和只接种病原菌对诱导POD活性都没有明显的作用。可以认为 ,拮抗菌诱导抗性相关酶活性的提高是发挥抑病作用的一种重要方式     

Enhancement of Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase,Polyphenoloxidase, and Peroxidase in Cucumber Seedlings by Bemisia tabaci（Gennadius） （Hemiptera： Aleyrodidae） Infestation

In this study, the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase （PAL）, polyphenoloxidase （PPO）, and peroxidase （POD） were assayed in cucumber seedlings （Cucumis sativus L.） at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after they were infested by Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius） using spectrophotometric analysis. The results indicated that herbivore infestation increased the activities of PAL, PPO, and POD. The enzymes showed different activity levels at different times after the infestation. The PAL activity reached the first high peak by 23.1% at 6 h and the highest peak by 29.1% at 48 h compared to the control. The PPO activity reached the first high peak by 22.7% at 6 h and the highest peak by 52.6% at 24 h, and the POD activity reached the highest peak by 213.2% at 6 h and another higher peak value by 135.2% at 96 h. The results suggest that the enhanced activities of the enzymes may contribute to bioprotection of cucumber plants against B. tabaci infestation.     

大豆孢囊线虫果胶酸裂解酶基因Hg-pel-5的克隆与分析

【目的】克隆和分析与大豆孢囊线虫寄生密切相关的果胶酸裂解酶新基因,为研究大豆孢囊线虫寄生和致病的分子机理提供依据,并为探讨大豆孢囊线虫的防控新途径提供理论基础。【方法】通过EST分析结合RACE-PCR扩增方法,从大豆孢囊线虫中克隆出1个果胶酸裂解酶新基因;通过原位杂交和半定量PCR的方法确定基因的表达部位和分析不同发育阶段的基因表达;采用Southern杂交方法分析基因的拷贝数。【结果】 从大豆孢囊线虫中克隆出1个全长为957个碱基编码227个氨基酸残基的新果胶酸裂解酶基因Hg-pel-5（GenBank 登录号HQ123259）。Hg-pel-5 基因组由2个外显子和1个内含子组成。预测蛋白含有20个氨基酸残基的信号肽和4段细菌结构的果胶酸裂解酶第三家族的保守位点。原位杂交确定Hg-pel-5在大豆孢囊线虫亚腹食道腺中表达。半定量RT-PCR结果表明Hg-pel-5在寄生前和寄生过程早期的2龄幼虫大量表达。Southern杂交结果显示Hg-pel-5存在于大豆孢囊线虫基因组中并以多拷贝形式存在。【结论】对大豆孢囊线虫中1个新的果胶酸裂解酶基因Hg-pel-5进行克隆和分析,表明该基因在大豆孢囊线虫早期寄生过程中发挥重要作用。     

Characterization of an Alginate Lyase,FlAlyA, from Flavobacterium sp. Strain UMI-01 and Its Expression in Escherichia coli

A major alginate lyase, FlAlyA, was purified from the periplasmic fraction of an alginate-assimilating bacterium, Flavobacterium sp. strain UMI-01. FlAlyA showed a single band of ~30 kDa on SDS-PAGE and exhibited the optimal temperature and pH at 55 °C and pH 7.7, respectively. Analyses for substrate preference and reaction products indicated that FlAlyA was an endolytic poly(mannuronate) lyase (EC 4.2.2.3). A gene fragment encoding the amino-acid sequence of 288 residues for FlAlyA was amplified by inverse PCR. The N-terminal region of 21 residues except for the initiation Met in the deduced sequence was predicted as the signal peptide and the following region of six residues was regarded as propeptide, while the C-terminal region of 260 residues was regarded as the polysaccharide-lyase-family-7-type catalytic domain. The entire coding region for FlAlyA was subjected to the pCold I—Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) expression system and ~eight times higher yield of recombinant FlAlyA (recFlAlyA) than that of native FlAlyA was achieved. The recFlAlyA recovered in the periplasmic fraction of E. coli had lost the signal peptide region along with the N-terminal 3 residues of propeptide region. This suggested that the signal peptide of FlAlyA could function in part in E. coli.     

A Novel Alginate Lyase: Identification,Characterization, and Potential Application in Alginate Trisaccharide Preparation

Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) have many biological activities and significant applications in prebiotics, nutritional supplements, and plant growth development. Alginate lyases have unique advantages in the preparation of AOS. However, only a limited number of alginate lyases have been so far reported to have potentials in the preparation of AOS with specific degrees of polymerization. Here, an alginate-degrading strain Pseudoalteromonas arctica M9 was isolated from Sargassum, and five alginate lyases were predicted in its genome. These putative alginate lyases were expressed and their degradation products towards sodium alginate were analyzed. Among them, AlyM2 mainly generated trisaccharides, which accounted for 79.9% in the products. AlyM2 is a PL6 lyase with low sequence identity (≤28.3%) to the characterized alginate lyases and may adopt a distinct catalytic mechanism from the other PL6 alginate lyases based on sequence alignment. AlyM2 is a bifunctional endotype lyase, exhibiting the highest activity at 30 °C, pH 8.0, and 0.5 M NaCl. AlyM2 predominantly produces trisaccharides from homopolymeric M block (PM), homopolymeric G block (PG), or sodium alginate, with a trisaccharide production of 588.4 mg/g from sodium alginate, indicating its promising potential in preparing trisaccharides from these polysaccharides.