HPLC-PDA法测定恩诺沙星注射液中非法添加乙酰甲喹、水杨酸

建立了高效液相色谱法测定恩诺沙星注射液中非法添加乙酰甲喹、水杨酸含量的方法。试验采用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶色谱柱,以0.025moL/L磷酸溶液-乙腈(85:15, v/v)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min,二极管阵列检测器进行全扫描和232nm波长测定。结果表明乙酰甲喹在0.5～20μg/mL范围内线性良好,R²=1.000,回收率在98.21%～107.94%之间;水杨酸在1.0～50μg/mL范围内线性良好,R²=1.000,回收率在96.33%～100.84%之间;RSD在0.11%～3.44%之间。本方法准确、可靠、重现性好,可用于恩诺沙星注射液中非法添加乙酰甲喹、水杨酸的定性和定量检测。     

Characterization of Triticum aestivum/Psathyrostachys juncea derivatives by genomic in situ hybridization

Using the genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) technique, one translocation line, seven translocation-addition lines, five translocation plus translocation addition lines and two ditelosomic addition lines were identified in backcross progenies of Triticum aestivum L. -Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski intergeneric hybrids. No complete P. juncea chromosomes were detected in the 25 lines studied. The results suggest that intact P. juncea chromosomes may be difficult to isolate in a wheat background. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

傅里叶红外标准加入法测定银杏叶提取物(EGb)中的总内酯

银杏叶提取物（ＥＧｂ）经ＫＢｒ压片后,在１８４０～１７２６ｃｍ－１区间,用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪测量峰面积,以美国Ｓｉｇｍａ的银杏内酯Ｂ为标准品,用ＦＴＩＲ标准加入法测定ＥＧｂ中的总内酯含量,其结果与ＲＰＨＰＬＣ、ＲＩ法接近,平均回收率９６．８％,ＳＤ０．４,ＲＳＤ５．５％,方法简便,结果可靠,适于ＥＧｂ及其制剂在生产过程中作质量控制的测定方法用。     

石墨炉原子吸收标准加入校正法测定土壤中痕量镉

选用硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸、硝酸-盐酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸2种消解体系,建立了石墨炉原子吸收标准加入校正法测定土壤中镉的方法,能够实现对土壤镉的准确测定.以硝酸钯为基体改进剂,优化灰化温度为550℃,原子化温度为1600℃.分别取土壤标准样品GBW07452、GBW07388经微波消解或全自动消解后,定量加入到标准溶液系列中...     

干湿交替和外源氮对农田土壤CO2和N2O释放的影响

以黄淮海平原潮土区的砂壤土和黏壤土为研究对象,通过培养试验研究了干湿交替(干湿频率分别为0、2、6、12次)和外源氮(2种土壤中添加氮累计量均为220 mg N·100g~(-1)干土)下砂壤土和黏壤土的CO_2和N_2O释放模式的影响。结果表明,干湿交替和外加氮源显著激发了砂壤土和黏壤土的CO_2和N_2O的释放速率:干燥期越长,外加N源对土壤CO_2释放速率的激发效应越强;干燥期越短,外加N源对土壤N_2O释放速率的激发效应越强。两种土壤的CO_2和N_2O的释放速率对干湿交替的响应模式一致,砂壤土的碳氮矿化速率对干湿交替响应更为强烈,砂壤土的可溶性有机碳和无机氮(NO-3和NH+4)含量及温室气体排放速率均高于黏壤土。在外加氮源的条件下,干湿交替显著提高了砂壤土和黏壤土中可溶性有机碳和无机氮的含量,增大了实际生产中农田土壤无机氮淋失和温室气体排放的可能性。     

添加玉米秸秆及其生物质炭对砖红壤N2O排放的影响

为比较秸秆和生物质炭对土壤氧化亚氮排放的影响,利用室内培养试验研究生物质炭、秸秆添加对土壤性质、硝化作用及N_2O排放的影响。试验设生物质炭、秸秆和空白3个处理,试验培养条件为30℃和75%田间持水量。结果表明,添加秸秆和生物质炭显著提高土壤pH、有机碳和速效K含量,其中秸秆对土壤pH的增加作用更为突出。与对照(1 604.82±168.93μgN_2O-N·kg~(-1))相比,添加秸秆和生物质炭减少N_2O排放量分别为58.0%和65.6%,但二者减排机理不同;秸秆对N_2O的减排因生物的氮固定,降低了硝化反应底物的有效性,生物质炭对N_2O减排可能源于硝化过程中较低的N_2O产生比例。由于生物质炭显著促进土壤硝化速率,而产生较多的NO_3~-,使得热带地区砖红壤硝态氮的淋失风险增大。     

模拟氮沉降对内蒙古典型草地土壤pH和电导率的影响

陆地生态系统氮沉降增加可导致土壤酸化,从而可能造成土壤生态系统结构和功能的退化。依托内蒙古典型草地设置的模拟氮沉降试验,研究了连续6年9个氮添梯度(0、1、2、3、5、10、15、20、50 g m~(-2)a~(-1)),2个氮添加频次(一年两次或一月一次)及2种管理方式(封育或刈割)等4种模式对土壤p H和电导率的影响。结果表明,4种模式下氮添加量3 g m~(-2)a~(-1)以下4个处理间的土壤p H无显著差异,在氮添加量为20 g m~(-2)a~(-1)(与我国粮食作物年施氮量接近)时,土壤p H分别比对照平均降低了1.1~1.9个单位;封育一年两次添加氮素在添加量5 g m~(-2)a~(-1)以上时土壤p H显著下降,而封育每月一次添加氮素在添加量20 g m~(-2)a~(-1)以上时,土壤p H才出现显著下降的现象。4种模式下土壤p H与土壤阳离子交换量及土壤交换性钙呈极显著正相关,说明高量氮添加促进了土壤中盐基离子的耗竭。高量氮添加(50 g m~(-2)a~(-1))显著增加了土壤EC值;除封育每月一次添加氮素处理外,氮添加10 g m~(-2)a~(-1)以下各处理间的土壤电导率(EC)无显著差异;土壤EC值与土壤硝态氮含量呈极显著正相关。研究结果将为我国北方半干旱草地土壤酸化的量化表征及氮素管理提供数据支撑。     

普通小麦-华山新麦草1Ns二体异附加系的分子细胞遗传学研究

为给后续研究和利用普通小麦-华山新麦草衍生后代H1-1-3-1-9-8提供依据,用形态学、细胞学及分子生物学方法对该材料进行分析研究。结果表明,H1-1-3-1-9-8在株高、穗长、穗型等性状上与华山新麦草无显著差异,千粒重平均44.2 g,较亲本显著增加;H1-1-3-1-9-8的染色体构型为2n=44=22Ⅱ;经原位杂交鉴定,H1-1-3-1-9-8存在两条华山新麦草外源信号,且能够配对;选取普通小麦7个部分同源群上的64对EST-STS引物对H1-1-3-1-9-8进行分析,第一部分同源群上的BE443796、BE446010、BE497584、BF202643、BG262410、BG607965和BM140362七对引物扩增出了华山新麦草的特异条带;经种子贮藏蛋白变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析,H1-1-3-1-9-8具有华山新麦草特有的高分子量谷蛋白亚基。以上结果说明,H1-1-3-1-9-8是普通小麦-华山新麦草1Ns二体异附加系。     

Improvement on Mixograph test through water addition and parameter conversions

To improve Mixograph testing effect, Farinograph measurements were adopted as a quality standard and changes in water absorption and parameter conversion in Mixograph test were explored. Comparative study showed that increasing water absorption to about 73% and converting original parameters to compound parameters in Mixograph tests significantly increased their predictive power for flour quality. These efforts also enabled the adoption of fixed water addition level in Mixograph test and simplified the test procedure significantly. With the success in parameter conversions, Mixograph test results were successfully described by Farinograph parameters, which allow breeders to compare and exchange test results easily. All these changes optimized the official method of Mixograph test with simplified procedure and enhanced reliability and made the Mixograph being the superior tool for quality assessment in wheat-breeding programs.     

Methodology for creating alloplasmic soybean lines by using Glycine tomentella as a maternal parent

Soybean breeders have not exploited the diversity of the 26 wild perennial species of the subgenus Glycine Willd. that are distantly related to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and harbour useful genes. The objective of this study was to develop a methodology for introgressing cytoplasmic and genetic diversity from Glycine tomentella PI 441001 (2n = 78) into cultivated soybean using ‘Dwight’ (2n = 40) as the male parent. Immature seeds (19–21 days post‐pollination) were cultured in vitro to produce F₁ plants (2n = 59). Amphidiploid (2n = 118) plants, induced by colchicine treatment, were vigorous and produced mature pods and seeds after backcrossing with ‘Dwight’. The BC₁ plants (2n = 79) produced mature seeds in crosses with ‘Dwight’. Chromosome numbers in BC₂F₁ plants ranged from 2n = 41–50. From BC₂F₂ to BC₃F₁, the number of plants in parentheses with 2n = 40 (275), 2n = 41 (208), 2n = 42 (80), 2n = 43 (27), 2n = 44 (12) and 2n = 45 (3) were identified. Fertile lines were grown in the field during 2012 and 2013. This is the first report of the successful development of new alloplasmic soybean lines with cytoplasm from G. tomentella.