急性热应激对山羊血液生化指标及血淋巴细胞热休克蛋白70家族基因表达的影响

旨在研究急性热应激对山羊抗氧化能力、免疫功能和血淋巴细胞热休克蛋白70(HSP70)家族基因表达的影响。本试验选取5只健康、体况接近的(12±0.5)月龄波尔山羊×关中奶山羊杂交F1母羊,饲养于环控舱内(温度维持20℃,相对湿度60%),适应5d。第6天利用环控舱对5只试验羊进行38℃急性热应激处理12h,采集热应激前(0h,20℃)和热应激后2、4、8和12h试验羊血样。分别利用比色法测定血清抗氧化指标(总抗氧化能力、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性和丙二醛含量),ELISA法测定血清免疫指标(免疫球蛋白和细胞因子含量),实时荧光定量PCR法测定血淋巴细胞HSP70家族基因(HSPA1A、HSPA6和HSPA8)mRNA的表达量。结果显示:1)热应激时间对血清抗氧化指标有显著影响。与热应激前0h相比,血清T-AOC(P<0.05)、SOD(P<0.05)和GSH-Px(P<0.01)活性均在热应激8h后显著下降,MDA含量在热应激4h后显著增加(P<0.05)。2)热应激时间对血清免疫指标有显著影响。与热应激前0h相比,血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IFN-γ和IL-2含量分别在热应激4、8、8和4h后显著增加(P<0.05);IL-4(P<0.01)、IgG(P<0.01)、IgM(P<0.01)和IgA(P<0.05)含量分别在热应激12、4、4和4h后显著下降。3)热应激时间显著提高血淋巴细胞中HSP70家族基因(HSPA1A、HSPA6和HSPA8)的表达量。HSPA1AmRNA表达量呈先升高后下降的趋势,在热应激4h时达到峰值,各检测时间点均显著高于应激前水平(P<0.01);HSPA6mRNA表达量在热应激2h时显著升高(P<0.01),4h后恢复到应激前水平(P>0.05);HSPA8mRNA表达量在热应激4(P<0.05)、8(P<0.01)、12h(P<0.01)时显著高于应激前水平。在本试验条件下,38℃急性热应激能够抑制山羊的免疫和抗氧化功能;提高血淋巴细胞HSPA1A、HSPA6和HSPA8基因的表达量,其中HSPA1A对热应激温度和时间更敏感,可作为山羊热应激早期的分子标志物。     

Toxicology Test and Safety Evaluation of Cefquinome Sulfate Liposomes

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of the cefquinome sulfate liposomes by using the acute toxicity test, local irritation test and chronic toxicity test. The results showed that the LD₅₀ of cefquinome sulfate liposomes was 639.73 mg/kg after intramuscular injection of its suspension and 95% confidence interval was 573.06 to 714.17 mg/kg. There was no significant stimulation to muscle. Subchronic toxicity test showed that the weight, haematological indexes and biochemical criterion of rabbits in variety dose had no significant difference compared with normal group (P>0.05). There was no visible pathological changes on the liver,kidney histology. According to pathological observation, the structure of liver and kidney were clear in treated and middle dose groups,but there existed disorganized hepatic cell cord in the liver and hemorrhag between glomerulopathy,tubulointerstitial and hepatic sinusoids in high dose group. All results proved that the cefquinome sulfate liposomes was safe and reliable based on the animal experiments.     

贝尼尔脂质体和贝尼尔注射剂的急性毒性比较试验

我们试制了贝尼尔脂质体 ,并对其和贝尼尔注射剂进行了小鼠的急性毒性比较试验 ,试验结果表明 ,贝尼尔脂质体的毒副作用显著低于贝尼尔注射剂 ,脂质体组的 L D50 (177.83mg/ kg· bw)显著高于原药组 L D50(74.14m g/ kg· bw) ,是原药组的 2 .40倍。说明贝尼尔制成脂质体后 ,可以显著降低药物毒副作用 ,增加用药的安全性     

Agarose gel electrophoretic fractionation of serum proteins in adult cattle. II. A study of cows with different diseases.

In 283 dairy cows suffering from internal disorders the serum proteins were studied by agarose gel electrophoresis supplemented by total protein and albumin determinations. The clinical diagnoses could be grouped according to protein pattern. Group 1 (abomasal displacement and traumatic muscle injury) did not appreciably affect the serum protein concentrations and represented primarily non-inflammatory diseases or diseases of non-infectious origin. Group 2 (leukosis) occupied an exceptional position, with heavy lowering of albumin unaccompanied by a corresponding rise of total globulin. The γ-globulin concentration was significantly lowered. Group 3 (acute traumatic peritonitis) represented an acute inflammatory process with increase chiefly of the α-globulins, while the γ-globulin concentration was normal. Group 4 (chronic traumatic peritonitis, summer mastitis, chronic subclinical mastitis, chronic laminitis and polyarthritis, urinary tract infection, abscess, and sub-acute-chronic pneumonia) comprised diseases chiefly of chronic inflammatory character and with infectious origin. Especially characteristic was the heavy rise of globulins in general and of γ-globulin in particular. In most cases there was a large increase also of the α- and p-globulin fractions.     

国产头孢噻呋钠的毒性试验

为了解国产头孢噻呋钠的毒性,进行了小鼠的急性毒性及对鸡的亚慢性毒性试验。结果表明,小鼠肌肉注射头孢噻呋钠,LD50为1 673.02 mg/kg;鸡注射头孢噻呋钠21 d,未发现与药物相关的体征变化,各组间的体重变化无显著性差异;采食量、饮水量随鸡龄增加而增加,平行比较无显著性差异;各阶段鸡的RBC、WBC分类记数(中性粒细胞/N、碱性粒细胞/B、酸性粒细胞/E、大单核细胞/M、淋巴细胞/L)均在正常值范围内,各组间无显著性差异;各组间血清生化值BUN、GPT、ALB也无显著性差异;各组脏器无显著性差异,说明该药毒性较低。     

Use of serum amyloid A in equine medicine and surgery

Serum amyloid A (SAA) has become an indispensable part of the management of equine patients in general practice and specialized hospital settings. Although several proteins possess acute phase properties in horses, the usefulness of SAA exceeds that of other acute phase proteins. This is due to the highly desirable kinetics of the equine SAA response. SAA concentrations exhibit a rapid and pronounced increase in response to inflammation and a rapid decline after the resolution of inflammation. This facilitates the detection of inflammatory disease and real-time monitoring of inflammatory activity. SAA may be used in all stages of patient management: (1) before diagnosis (to rule in/rule out inflammatory disease), (2) at the time of diagnosis (to assess the severity of inflammation and assist in prognostication), and (3) after diagnosis (to monitor changes in inflammatory activity in response to therapy, with relapse of disease, or with infectious/inflammatory complications). By assessing other acute phase reactants in addition to SAA, clinicians can succinctly stage inflammation. White blood cell counts and serum iron concentration change within hours of an inflammatory insult, SAA within a day, and fibrinogen within 2–3 days; the interrelationship of these markers thus indicates the duration and activity of the inflammatory condition. Much research on the equine SAA response and clinical use has been conducted in the last decade. This is the prerequisite for the evidence-based use of this analyte. However, still today, most published studies involve a fairly low number of horses. To obtain solid evidence for use of SAA, future studies should be designed with larger sample sizes.     

长效土霉素注射液的急性毒性及肌肉刺激性研究

为考察新型长效土霉素注射液的安全性,分别对小白鼠和家兔进行急性毒性和局部刺激性试验。随机将60只小白鼠分为6组,每组10只,其中雌雄各半,进行急性毒性试验考察;随机将9只家兔分为3组,每组3只,进行局部刺激性试验。结果表明,该新型长效土霉素注射液小鼠肌肉注射LD 50为600.32 mg/kg,LD 50的95%的可信区间为(600.32±2.44)mg/kg;随着时间延长和给药剂量增加,刺激性增强,注射长效土霉素7 d后,家兔股四头肌出现红肿、发紫、坏死、光泽消失现象,15 d后肌肉组织的坏死范围扩大。该产品对小白鼠表现为低毒,对家兔的股四头肌有局部刺激性。     

饲用黄丝藻粉的急性毒性和亚慢性毒性试验

试验旨在通过研究黄丝藻粉对大鼠的急性毒性和亚慢性毒性试验,初步评价其饲用安全性。5 000 mg/kg体重黄丝藻粉灌胃给予Wistar大鼠进行急性毒性试验;黄丝藻粉按0、1 250、2 500、5 000 mg/kg 添加于饲料中饲喂大鼠,进行90 d亚慢性毒性试验。每周称量大鼠体重与饲料消耗,分别于喂养 45、90 d 时剖检,进行血常规和血液生化指标检测,计算脏器系数,并对主要脏器进行组织病理学检查。结果表明,5 000 mg/kg体重黄丝藻粉给予大鼠均未出现死亡,LD₅₀>5 000 mg/kg体重,根据WHO对化学物质的毒性评级,黄丝藻粉属于实际无毒物质。亚慢性毒性试验中,高、中、低剂量黄丝藻粉饲喂大鼠90 d后平均饲料消耗、体增重、脏器系数与对照组相比均无显著差异（P>0.05）。各处理组血常规指标、低剂量组血液生化指标与正常对照组相比均无显著差异（P>0.05）;高、中剂量组除血液总胆固醇（CHO）、甘油三酯（TG）显著低于对照组（P<0.05）外,其他血液生化指标均无显著差异（P>0.05）;高、中剂量组总胆固醇和甘油三酯均在大鼠正常生化指标范围内;解剖及主要脏器HE染色检查均未发现明显变化。试验结果表明,黄丝藻粉属于实际无毒物质;5 000 mg/kg添加剂量喂养大鼠90 d,未观察到明显的有害作用,有望在动物饲料中添加应用。     

D-Dimer Improves the Prognostic Value of Combined Clinical and Laboratory Data in Equine Gastrointestinal Colic

The discriminating ability of 15 parameters alone or in combinations, including results from analysis of plasma endotoxin, the Nycomed plasma D-Dimer test and phospholipase A₂, were analyzed to predict morbidity and mortality in equine gastrointestinal colic. Endotoxaemia was a characteristic feature of the colic horses. The problem of adequately predicting non-survivors among colic horses required several parameters to be included in the logistic model: if the “classical parameters”, (heart rate, respiratory rate, PCV, anion gap) were included in the model, addition of plasma D-dimer, phospholipase A₂, and Cl^- significantly improved the predictive value of the logistic model. Increasing heart rate and D-dimer together with decreasing chloride was a risk factor for nonsurvival. The sensitivity of this three-parameter logistic model to predict nonsurvival was 78% and specificity 77%. The Nycomed D-Dimer test is recommended as a horse-site test to predict disseminated intravascular coagulation and nonsurvival in equine colic.