十二烷基硫酸钠对水生生物的急性毒性影响

以卤虫Artemia parthenogenetica和蒙古裸腹蚤Moina mongolica Daday为对象,研究了十二烷基硫酸钠的毒性效应。结果表明,卤虫96 h的LC50为13.9 mg.L-1,蒙古裸腹蚤72 h的LC50为3.5 mg.L-1,按化学物质的毒性评价标准,十二烷基硫酸钠对2种生物分别属于低毒性和中毒性等级。试验所用卤虫对十二烷基硫酸钠的敏感性与以往文献报道的生物相近,而蒙古裸腹蚤的敏感性则远高于其他生物。     

芦荟复合添加剂的急性毒性试验和微核试验

为阐明芦荟复合添加剂的安全性,用昆明小白鼠进行急性毒性试验和微核试验.急性毒性试验结果表明,LD50>30 360 mg／kg.说明芦荟复合添加剂属于无毒类物质;微核试验结果表明,小白鼠的微核呈阴性反应,说明芦荟复合添加剂无致突变作用.     

Ontogeny of the cortisol stress response in yellow perch (Perca flavescens)

The ontogeny of the cortisol stress response in yellow perch (Perca flavescens) was documented by measuring resting and stress-induced whole-body cortisol levels in fish at several early development stages. In newly fertilized eggs resting cortisol levels averaged 41.0 ± 3.0 pg/embryo, and decreased to 8.0 ± 3.0 pg/embryo by day 6 where they remained constant until hatch on day 10. Acute stress challenge tests (30 sec cold shock) conducted on embryonic (days 6 and 8 post-fertilization) and larval (hatch and 2 days post-hatch) yellow perch revealed no differences in whole-body cortisol levels between stressed and unstressed individuals. In acute stress challenge tests (30 sec net confinement) conducted on post-hatch yellow perch, differences in cortisol levels between stressed (30 min post-stress) and unstressed fish were detected one week after hatching (12.3 ± 1.6 ng/g and 7.0 ± 1.3 ng/g, respectively). The magnitude of the stress response was greater in 2- to 5-week-old fish than in one-week-old fish. Changes in post-stress cortisol levels were closely associated with changes in interrenal morphology. Cumulatively, these results indicate that cortisol biosynthesis, integration and maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis can be observed in yellow perch as early as one week after hatching. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

双黄连口服液的急性毒性试验研究

为了解双黄连口服液在使用过程中的安全性,参照《兽药注册资料汇编》中兽药急性毒性试验指导原则的要求,选用小白鼠进行急性毒性试验。小白鼠的最小致死量、半数致死量测定结果显示：双黄连口服液对小白鼠最小致死量范围为49．2～60．8g／b,相当于禽临床用量的111．8—138．2倍,说明双黄连口服液临床应用具有一定的安全性。     

纯化前后半枝莲多糖的药效学研究

采用Sevage法纯化半枝莲(Scutellaria barbata D.Don)多糖,并通过苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖含量;进行急性毒性试验考察半枝莲多糖对小鼠的毒性;通过体内移植肿瘤试验测定不同剂量纯化前后半枝莲多糖对小鼠S180瘤的抑制作用.纯化后半枝莲多糖的纯度为49.99％;急性毒性试验表明800 mg/kg及以下剂量半枝莲多糖对小鼠无毒.纯化后半枝莲多糖的抑瘤率低于半枝莲粗多糖,100 mg/kg半枝莲粗多糖的抑瘤率为46.85％.     

替米考星纳米乳对小白鼠急性毒性试验的研究

为了评价替米考星纳米乳(Tilmicosin nanoemulsion)的安全性,进行了小白鼠口服急性毒性及半数致死量(LD50)的测定.结果表明,替米考星纳米乳的￡D50为2 260.4 mg/kg,LD50的95％可信限为2 094.5～2 456.5 mg/kg.因此具有较低的口服毒性,对内脏器官无病理损害作用,兽医临床使用比较安全,适合用于口服给药.     

蟹寄江氏伪钟虫Pseudovorticella jiangi防治药物的筛选

采用静水生物毒性试验法,研究8种药物对蟹寄江氏伪钟虫(Pseudovorticella jiangi)的杀灭效果,并探讨苯扎溴铵对中华绒螯蟹大眼幼体和Ⅰ期仔蟹的急性毒性.结果显示,各药物对江氏伪钟虫24 h LC5o依次为:结晶紫0.18 mg/L,苯扎溴铵0.26mg/L,高锰酸钾1.53 mg/L,月苄三甲氯铵1.81 mg/L,硫酸锌2.31 mg/L,亚甲基蓝3.53 mg/L,磺胺甲氧嘧啶钠5.96 mg/L,甲醛23.04mg/L.苯扎溴铵对江氏伪钟虫2 h LC50为6.57 mg/L;对大眼幼体2、12、24、48、72、96 h LC50分别为54.78、14.81、5.5、3.64、2.78、2.94mg/L,安全浓度为0.48 mg/L;对Ⅰ期仔蟹12、24、48、72、96 h LC50分别为21.46、14.7、7.78、5.44、4.02 mg/L,安全浓度为0.65 mg/L.依据安全性、高效性、经济性和方便性为渔药选择原则,苯扎溴铵最适合作为河蟹养殖生产中江氏伪钟虫的防治药物,建议大眼幼体和Ⅰ期仔蟹阶段采用泼洒浓度为0.35 mg/L进行防治,大眼幼体阶段也可采用药浴浓度为8.0 mg/L、时间为2h的药浴法进行防治.     

硫丹对罗氏沼虾溞状幼体及仔虾的急性毒性作用

在室内静水条件下,考察硫丹对罗氏沼虾溞状幼体(Z5、Z7、Z9)及仔虾(P4)的急性毒性,并测定在硫丹中暴露96 h后存活仔虾体内碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)及Na+/K+-ATPase酶活力.结果表明,硫丹对Z5、Z7、Z9的24、48 h LC50和安全浓度分别为2.086、0.391、0.004 μg/L,2.985、0.843、0.02 μg/L,4.430、2.000、0.123μμg/L;对仔虾的24、48、72、96 h LC50分别为5.479、1.853、0.617、0.471 g/L;硫丹对Z5、Z7、Z9及仔虾的毒性大小依次为SCZ5＞SCZ7＞SCP4＞SCZ9.暴露在0.010～6.982μg/L硫丹中,各试验组仔虾体内ACP酶和AKP酶活性与对照组差异不显著,但暴露在0.264～6.982 μg/L硫丹中的各试验组仔虾体内AKP酶活性较对照组降低16.6％～45.5％;暴露在0.010～0.264 μg/L硫丹内,各试验组仔虾体内Na+/K+-ATPase活性要显著高于对照组.     

8-羟基喹啉对草鱼急性毒性和遗传毒性的研究

以8-羟基喹啉为诱变剂,研究了其对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)的急性毒性和遗传毒性效应.急性毒性实验测得8-羟基喹啉对草鱼的24、48、96 h的LC50分别为32.30、26.93、20.95 mg/L,表现出较强的急性毒性,其安全浓度为11.62 mg/L.遗传毒性结果表明,处理组与空白对照组相比,微核率均达到显著或极显著差异水平(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),并且表现出明显的时间效应和剂量效应.因此,8-羟基喹啉在达到一定浓度和染毒时间以后对草鱼具有一定的遗传毒性,因而推测其大量使用可能对永生生物及生态环境具有一定的毒害作用.     

Protective effect of astragaloside Ⅳ on acute tubular injury induced by aristolochic acid I

AIM: To study the effect of astragaloside Ⅳ (AS Ⅳ) on acute aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN). METHODS: MTT assay was used to observe the viability of human proximal tubule epithelial cell line HK-2 in vitro. In in vivoexperiments, Kunming mice were intra peritoneally injected with aristolochic acid I (AAⅠ) for 6 d to induce acute AAN model.AS Ⅳ at dose of 50 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 was gavaged for 6 d, and the levels of urine protein, urine γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT), serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured. The histological changes of the kidneys were observed under microscope by HE and periodic acid-silver methenamine (PASM) staining at the 7th day. RESULTS: The cell viability was significantly inhibited by AA I. However, the cell viability increased when AA I combined with AS Ⅳ was given as compared with control group, indicating that AS Ⅳ plays a dose-dependent protective role in HK-2 cells against the injury of AA I. The results of in vivo experiments showed that the levels of urine protein, urine γ-GT, SCr and BUN were decreased in AA I combined with AS Ⅳ group compared with AA I renal injury group. Histological study showed that AA I-induced kidney injury was improved with the decrease in the area of tubule necrosis and nude tubular basement membrane. CONCLUSION: AS Ⅳ has a protective effect on renal tubular damage induced by AA I.