热处理降低哈密瓜果实活性氧代谢减轻冷害

为探讨热处理能否激发哈密瓜果实抗冷性,减轻冷害。该文以"西州密25号"哈密瓜为原料,在已有研究的基础上,将哈密瓜在55℃热水中浸泡3 min,以室温(22±2)℃清水浸泡3 min为对照,待其表面水分完全晾干以后,放置于3~5℃机械冷库中贮藏,测定贮藏期间哈密瓜品质及生理指标。结果表明,与对照相比,热处理诱导哈密瓜果肉过氧化氢H_2O_2和超氧阴离子O_2~-含量短暂增加,但明显减少贮藏中后期(14~35 d)H_2O_2,O_2~-的积累(P0.05),提高活性氧清除酶过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶的活性(P0.05),抑制细胞膜相对渗透率和丙二醛含量上升,降低贮藏后期的冷害发生率(P0.05),缓解果实可溶性固形物和抗坏血酸含量下降(P0.05),保持果实较好的品质。热处理主要通过诱导活性氧信号分子,提高活性氧清除酶活性、减少膜脂过氧化作用,从而减轻果实的冷害。研究结果为哈密瓜采后贮藏技术提供理论参考。     

陕北丘陵区水坝地粮食高产栽培技术研究

根据最优设计原理,采用最优混合设计组合成11个处理试验研究表明,1998年小区最高产量为12.92t/hm~2,1999年小区最高产量达13~815t/hm~2,2000年小区最高产量达15.018t/hm~2。由计算机计算筛选出343个方案,其中15～17.625t/hm~2产量的最优组合方案为施有机肥60t/hm~2,追肥施N素462～483kg/hm~2,播前浇底墒水600t/hm~2,补灌1377～1458t/hm~2,马铃薯套种高粱种植密度为马铃薯7.2705～8.3415万株/hm~2,高粱6.5205～7.5915万株/hm~2。     

The influence of stress sensitivity on productionof hydraulically-fractured tight gas wells

This paper takes Sulige Gas Field as a case study and used three methods including laboratory experiments,production performance analysis and reservoir simulation to study the influence of stress sensitivity on production of fractured tight gas wells.The results show that the fracture length and conductivity of hydraulically created fracture are reduced more than 50%,and the stress sensitivity of hydraulically created fracture is stronger than that of matrix.With the increase of gas production,the influence of stress sensitivity becomes stronger,and finally results in 18% reduction of gas production,and hydraulically created fractures play an important role in the influence of stress sensitivity.     

前氮后移施肥对冬小麦旗叶活性氧代谢和子粒产量的影响

１９９４－１９９６年高产冬小麦前氮后移施肥方式的产量效应和生理变化进行了研究。结果表明，采用此施肥方式可以减缓旗叶中超氧化物歧化酶活性下降和脂质过氧化产物丙二醛含量的积累，减少超氧阴离子的产生，提高旗叶片的叶绿素和蛋白质含量，延缓叶片衰老，显著增加穗粒重和产量。     

冰核细菌的定量分离研究

 冰核细菌可能是自然界中诱发和加重霜冻敏感植物发生霜冻害的重要原因之一。由于单个的冰核细菌细胞并不具有冰核活性,因此,研究植物上冰核细菌的种群数量或密度是研究冰核细菌与植物霜冻害关系的关键。从云南省的元江、寻甸、河口、呈贡、临沧、陆良、宣威、曲靖、富民、昆明市官渡区及越南老街等地采集到108种植物共166个标样中,有45个标样分离共到71株冰核细菌,标样中冰核细菌的检出率为27.1％,最低密度为6.0×10⁴ CFU/g,最高密度为5.12×10⁹ CFU/g。其余121个标样经再次分离未检测冰核细菌,占总标样数的72.9％。在云南植物上,用稀释平板法可检测冰核细菌的最低密度为2.0×10⁴ CFU／g.     

木立芦荟叶片愈伤组织诱导过程中防褐化的研究

以木立芦荟叶片作外植体,培养于附加6-BA 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D 0.5 mg/L的MS培养基上。添加不同浓度的活性炭及维生素C附加物成分,研究木立芦荟在叶片愈伤组织诱导过程中,各种附加物成分对防止褐化的影响。结果表明:活性炭和维生素C均可有效防止褐化,2.0 g/L的活性炭或0.2 g/L的维生素C能不同程度的减轻褐化,效果最好,活性炭和维生素C配合使用时,以2.0 g/L活性炭与0.1 g/L维生素C配合使用时最理想。     

功能性叶面肥对烤烟上部烟叶品质的影响

为解决烤烟红花大金元在生产中遇到的问题,通过大田对比试验,研究功能性叶面肥对红花大金元上部叶片生长及品质的影响.结果表明:喷施一定量的"烟博士"活性制剂明显促进烤烟上部叶叶长、叶宽增加,其中以叶长的增幅最大,2009年7月16日和8月25日增幅分别为2.8～5.8、0.8～5.2 cm;喷施一定量的"烟博士"活性制剂能...     

Active oxygen metabolism in the floral buds and leaves of the new cytoplasm male sterile (CMS) line and its maintainer line of non-heading Chinese cabbage

The cytoplasm male sterile (CMS) line and its maintainer line of the newly-bred non-heading Chinese cabbage were taken as experimental materials. The production rate of superoxide anion radical (O₂ ⁻), contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) as well as ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were determined in buds of different developmental stages and leaves during vegetative and florescence stages. As showed by the results, there were higher levels of MDA and H₂O₂ contents, higher O₂ ⁻ production rate and higher activities of SOD, POD, and CAT in the buds of the CMS lines than that in the buds of the fertile lines, while the APX activity was different from the other three enzymes above. There were differences in activities of protective enzymes in leaves but no significant differences in MDA contents and O₂ ⁻ production rate, which showed that the differences in metabolism of active oxygen between CMS and its maintainer were mainly apparent in reproductive organs. __________ Translated from Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 2006, 29(1): 18–22 [译自: 南京农业大学学报]     

除草剂苯噻草胺胁迫对水稻活性氧清除系统的影响

采用室内培养实验方法,对水稻幼苗的多项生理生化指标进行了测定。结果表明,随着除草剂苯噻草胺浓度的升高,水稻株高变矮,根长缩短;蛋白质、叶绿素和GSH含量应激升高。活性氧·O-2、H2O2和膜脂过氧化产物MDA的含量增加,组织自氧化速率增大,表明苯噻草胺对水稻幼苗的毒害作用主要是破坏了体内的活性氧平衡。水稻叶片中的CAT酶,根中的SOD和POD酶对苯噻草胺的浓度比较敏感。SOD与MDA含量呈显著正相关,提示了抗氧化酶清除活性氧的作用滞后于活性氧对膜脂过氧化的诱导作用。     

套管损坏井冲击整形时水泥环的损伤

针对套管损坏井冲击整形过程中水泥环发生损伤破坏这一情况，以冲击动力学和应力波传播理论为基础，建立了冲击整形的力学模型，较为准确地描述了水泥环中的应力分布情况，计算了冲击整形过程中水泥环及第一胶结面的损伤破坏长度。为修复井是否恢复生产或进一步采取相应的整改措施提供决策依据。