表面掺氮活性炭的制备及其甲醛吸附性能研究

以苯胺(An)为氮源,在活性炭表面原位聚合、炭化制备掺氮活性炭,考察了苯胺添加量对活性炭的孔隙结构变化、表面含氮基团及甲醛平衡吸附量的影响。结果表明,活性炭与苯胺质量比10∶2条件下制备的掺氮活性炭(AC2),其氮元素质量分数2.05%,总孔容和中孔容有所下降,而微孔率略有增加,这一变化有利于气相分子吸附。AC2的甲醛平衡吸附量379 mg/g,是市售气体净化用活性炭、竹炭的3~6倍,平衡吸附时间为6 h。通过活性炭表面掺氮,增大孔隙周围电子云密度,增强对甲醛中羰基碳正离子的吸引力。由此提供了一条由商品活性炭改性制备甲醛去除用活性炭的有效途径。     

活性氧化铝改性除氟性能研究

为提高活性氧化铝对饮用水中氟的去除效果,采用硫酸、氯化铁、硫酸与氯化铁复合3种方法对活性氧化铝进行改性。采用单因素和正交试验研究3种因素对3种改性活性氧化铝吸附除氟的影响。结果表明,硫酸与氯化铁复合改性的活性氧化铝的除氟效果最好,其最优改性条件组合为H₂SO₄浓度0.01 mol·L^-1,浸泡时间120 min,固液比1:5,FeCl₃浓度0.1%,浸泡时间180 min,固液比1:10;硫酸与氯化铁复合改性活性氧化铝的吸附行为更符合Langmuir等温线的拟合,即吸附为单分子层吸附,其最大吸附容量为4.98 mg·g^-1,是未改性的3.4倍;且硫酸与氯化铁复合改性活性氧化铝吸附氟后溶液中金属离子不超标。     

粉状活性炭再生工艺条件的研究

采用回转炉加热再生法，对粉状废味精炭了再生实验，确定的再生最佳工艺条件是：再生温度８５０℃，再生时间６０ｍｉｎ，水蒸气用量占原料量３０％，使废炭吸附恢复１００％，得率７０％以上。     

活性炭C40/4吸附甲苯和丙酮吸附性能研究

为探讨活性炭吸附C40／4有机蒸汽的性能曲线规律，在不同温度288．15K，293．15K和298．15K下实验测试了活性炭C40／4吸附有机气体甲苯和丙酮的吸附性能，基于langmuir等温吸附理论，从吸附动态平衡的角度，理论分析了吸附性能曲线中参数与温度之间的关系，提出一个经验的langmuir等温吸附曲线模型，它能很好地描述不同温度下的有机蒸汽在活性炭上的吸附性能曲线，模型计算值与实验测试值之间的误差小于6％，为确定活性炭吸附有机蒸汽的吸附量提供了有效的计算模式，从而为有机蒸汽吸附过程的设计、预测和优化提供有益的支持。     

Role of PPARα/PGC-1α in doxorubicin induced mouse dilated cardio-myopathy

AIM: To investigate the changes of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR)α/peroxisome proliferator activated receptor coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) in doxorubicin (DOX) induced dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and its effect on the energy metabolism and myocardial function in mice. METHODS: Forty mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, DOX group, PPARα inhibitor group and PPARα agonist group. The DCM model was established by injection of DOX. The protein levels of PPARα/PGC-1α were detected. The PPARα inhibitor and PPARα agonist were used 2 weeks beforeinjection of DOX. The contents of adenine acid and phosphocreatine (Pcr) in the mitochondria were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The ANT activity was analyzed by the atractyloside-inhibitor stop technique. The changes of the echocardiography and hemodynamics were also observed. RESULTS: DOX induced DCM model was successfully established. The protein levels of PPARα and PGC-1α in control group were significantly higher than those in DOX group (P<0.05). Both of the high-energy phosphate contents and the transport activity of ANT were decreased in DOX group (P<0.05), and the hemodynamic parameters were disordered (P<0.01). Compared with DOX group, PPARα inhibitor pre-treatment significantly reduced the PPARα/PGC-1α expression. Meanwhile, high-energy phosphate contents in the mitochondria and the ANT transport activity of the mitochondria decreased, as well as the left ventricular function (P<0.05). On the other hand, PPARα agonist significantly increased the expression of PPARα and PGC-1α, and improved the transport activity of ANT. In addition, the hemodynamic parameters were ameliorated, but the high-energy phosphate contents of the mitochondria did not significantly change. CONCLUSION: PPARα/PGC-1α plays an important role in the regulation of ANT transport activity in dilated cardiomyopathy induced by DOX, and the activation of PPARα/PGC-1α has protective effects on the DCM induced by DOX.     

Experimental Study about Activated Water Produced by the Method of Electro-hydraulic Impulse Improving the Mechanical Performance of Mortar

图１微型库平面示意射阳地区气候湿润、四季多雨，蒜薹味甜微辣、脆嫩、鲜绿、耐贮，主要分布在藕耕、千秋、临海、六垛等地区。种植面积达１．３万ｈｍ２，总贮量达４０００～８０００万ｔ，已成为当地蒜农的经济支柱和政府产业结构调整的重点方向。但蒜薹采收期一般在５月１０日左右，正值高温季节，采收时间仅４～５天，常因销售不及时而造成大量损失。为此蒜农和地方政府极为重视蒜薹采后贮藏保鲜、减损、保值、增值工作。当地政府于２０００～２００１年先后引进３５座微型节能冷库简称微型库，使以前只有依靠国家经费或贷款才能建造的…     

CMC粘接法制备柱状成型活性炭

以羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)为粘接剂制备了柱状成型活性炭,研究了炭化温度、CMC添加量对产物吸附性能、孔结构及强度的影响。结果表明,随着炭化温度的升高,柱状成型活性炭的比表面积、亚甲基蓝吸附值和碘吸附值均呈现下降趋势;随着CMC添加量的增加,柱状成型活性炭的比表面积、总孔容、微孔容、平均孔径及亚甲基蓝吸附值、碘吸附值及对甲苯的吸附能力均逐渐降低,其强度逐渐增大。CMC粘接法制备柱状成型活性炭的最佳工艺为炭化温度200℃,CMC添加量10%,产物比表面积可达844.9 m2/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值和碘吸附值分别为189.2及968.2 mg/g,强度可达99.83%,甲苯的吸附率达65.5%。     

油茶壳活性炭的制备工艺研究

以油茶壳为原料,采用直接炭化和二步炭化法制备活性炭,探讨炭化温度和保温时间对活性炭产品得率、亚甲基蓝吸附值和碘吸附值的影响。研究结果表明,随着炭化温度的升高,直接炭化法制得的油茶壳活性炭的吸附性能呈先升后降的趋势;二步炭化法随着保温时间的延长,活性炭的吸附性能呈不断上升的趋势,在较优的工艺条件下,活性炭的亚甲基蓝吸附值和碘吸附值为210.0 mg.g-1和1 016.2 mg.g-1。二步炭化有利于进一步提高直接炭化的油茶壳活性炭的吸附性能,制得吸附性能良好的活性炭材料。     

植物对污泥的响应及其根系对重金属的活化作用

采用温室盆栽试验,对生长于污泥中的几种耐性植物遏蓝菜属(Thlaspigoesingense)、羽叶鬼针草(Bidensmaxi-mowiczianaOett)、酸模(RumexacetosaL.)、紫苜蓿(MedicogosativaL.)和印度芥茉(Indianmustard)的植物干重、体内重金属(Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd)的含量、叶片中叶绿素含量和植物根系对重金属的活化率做了研究。结果表明,生长于污泥中的植物其干重比对照均有不同程度的增加,其中羽叶鬼针草与对照相比差异极显著;不同植物对不同重金属的吸收量亦不同;各种植物叶片中的叶绿素含量变化不同,与对照相比,差异不显著;遏蓝菜对Cu、Zn的活化率最高,印度芥茉对Cd的活化率最高。     

两种活性炭平炉的有效能(火用)分析

本文对活性炭平炉进行了有效能分析,发现普通平炉能耗主要是烟气带走了大量有效能,占总输入有效能51.3％,而SL—SY型平炉只占9.0％,后者因此所节省的炭,以得率20.0％（干基）计,相当于比前者多生产51.5％的活性炭。