菰黑粉菌MAPKK同源基因UeMkk1的全长克隆及表达

菰黑粉菌(Ustilago esculenta)是菰(Zizania latifolia)植株体内的内生真菌,其二型态转换与茭白孕茭密切相关,而丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen activated protein kinase,MAPK)途径在真菌二型态转换中具有重要调控作用.本研究利用酵母型及菌丝型菰黑粉菌的差异蛋白表达及转录组分析数据,克隆了菰黑粉菌中一个丝裂原活化蛋白激酶激酶(mitogen activated protein kinase kinase,MAPKK)基因UeMkk1(GenBank登录号:KR870332).该基因cDNA序列全长2 204 bp,开放阅读框2 043 bp.与模式菌酵母的MAPK途径蛋白进行聚类分析表明,UeMkk1属于MAPKK蛋白,NCBI中Blast比对结果及进一步的系统发育分析表明,UeMkk1与黑粉菌属真菌的Mkk1同源性较高,其中与大麦坚黑穗病菌(Ustilago hordei)的MKK1一致性达到84％,其丝/苏氨酸双特异性蛋白激酶催化结构域在不同真菌中高度保守.同时,本研究通过大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)原核表达系统成功表达并从蛋白裂解上清液中纯化得到了纯度较高的UeMkk1蛋白.另外,对不同碳源诱导后菰黑粉菌的生长特征观察及UeMkk1的表达分析表明,蔗糖能诱导菰黑粉菌菌丝的形成及生长,UeMkk1的表达量在菌丝生长后期下调表达;PDA、葡萄糖及麦芽糖培养基中菰黑粉菌保持酵母型生长,UeMkk1呈周期性上调表达.以上研究工作为进一步开展UeMkk1基因的功能研究,阐明其在菰黑粉菌二型态转换及茭白孕茭中的作用提供了基础材料.     

利用Frendlich吸附曲线分光光度法测定活性炭的亚甲兰脱色力

利用分光光度计测定活性炭对亚甲兰吸附平衡液的浓度．应用Ｆｒｅｎｄｌｉｃｈ吸附曲线可精确计算出活性炭亚甲兰脱色力．方法快速、正确。     

The localization and function of p38α mitogen‐activated protein kinase in rat oocytes

P38α mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), which is a member of the canonical MAPK family, is activated in response to various extracellular stresses and plays a role in multiple cellular processes. In this study, we investigated the expression, subcellular localization and functional roles of p38α MAPK during the meiotic maturation of rat oocytes. We found that p38α MAPK phosphorylation (p‐p38α MAPK, indicative of p38α MAPK activation) was low at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage, increased 3 hr after germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and maintained its maximum at metaphase I (MI) or metaphase II (MII). The p‐p38α MAPK mainly accumulated in the GV and had no obvious expression in the nucleus. From GVBD to MII, p‐p38α MAPK was distributed in the cytoplasm around either the chromosomes or the spindle. We used SB203580, an inhibitor of p38α MAPK, to investigate the possible functional role of p38α MAPK during rat oocyte meiotic maturation. Treatment of GV stage oocytes with 20 μM SB203580 blocked p‐p38α MAPK activity, and the spindles appeared abnormal. Additionally, the rate of GVBD after 3 hr of culture with 20 μM SB203580 (58.8%) was significantly inhibited compared with the control (82.5%, p < .05), and the polar body extrusion rate after 12 hr of culture with SB203580 was also significantly decreased compared with the control (40.1% vs 73.3%, p < .05). Taken together, these data indicate that p38α MAPK may play a vital role in rat oocyte meiotic maturation.     

山枣(核)壳为原料制造汽油回收活性炭的研究

利用果(核)壳磷酸法制造汽油回收用活性炭的研究,目前还未见报道。选择河南资源比较多的山枣(核)壳为原料,以磷酸为活化剂,进行汽油回收活性炭的制造探索。着重就相关制造工艺参数进行研究,为这类林业副产物的高附加值利用提供参考。     

活性炭,活化煤,石油焦对LAS—Na吸附的研究

本文通过活性炭，活化煤和石油焦对阴离子表面活性剂的吸附，研究了其吸附能力以及吸附量与浓度之间的关系，初步探讨了其吸附理论和吸附机制。     

Remediation of Organochlorine Pesticide-Contaminated Soils by Surfactant-Enhanced Washing Combined with Activated Carbon Selective Adsorption

Remediation of organochlorine pesticide (OCP)-contaminated soils is urgently required especially in China. The present study investigated the removal of OCPs from two soils by triton X-100 (TX-100)-enhanced washing coupled with powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption treatment of the solution. Two contaminated soils, including a silt clay contaminated with chlordene, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethanes (DDDs), and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and a sandy loam containing chlordanes and mirex, were selected. Effects of varied operating parameters, including TX-100 dosage, liquid/soil (L/S) ratio, and extraction time, on the contaminant removal were examined. For both soils, OCP removal was clearly enhanced with increasing TX-100 in extraction solution and L/S ratio. Meanwhile, the removal efficacy was also impacted by soil texture and characteristics and contents of the contaminants. Moreover, by using PAC as an absorbent, a significant decrease in the contaminants in the extraction solutions was detected, and TX-100 could be further reused. Our investigation suggests that surfactant-enhanced washing combined with activated carbon selective adsorption would be an alternative to remediate OCP-contaminated soils.     

活性干酵母流加培养的动力学研究

研究了活性干酵母(ADY)流加培养的动力学,前期主要采用分批培养的形式,当总糖降至10 g.L-1时,进入补料流加阶段.通过动力学分析得到了2个不同阶段的模型方程,通过理论计算与试验数据的比较,表明该模型能较好地对培养过程进行描述.在流加培养的动力学模型的基础上,确定了优化补料的方程,在实际应用中可采取指数逼近的方法实现补料的优化流加.     

草酸活化磷矿粉对矿区污染土壤中Cd的钝化效果

通过盆栽莴苣试验,研究施加草酸活化磷矿粉对矿区农田土壤Cd污染钝化修复的效果.结果表明:施加南漳磷矿粉后,供试土壤交换态Cd的含量比对照降低了12.5％～20.3％;施加不同浓度经草酸活化过的南漳磷矿粉后,交换态Cd的含量与对照相比最高降低了39.5％.施加保康磷矿粉后,随着施加量的增加,与对照相比,交换态Cd的含量变...     

活性炭对酥梨汁色素的吸附研究

比较研究了2种活性炭对酥梨汁色素的吸附特性,在15～60℃、不同料液比下,对酥梨汁色素在活性炭上的吸附进行了动力学研究,并对色素含量(A420)、pH值、可溶性固形物等指标进行检测。结果表明,2种活性炭的吸附等温线符合Freundlich模型,但不符合Langmuir模型,它对色素的吸附可能是多分子层的。活性炭的吸附处理降低了色素含量、pH值,对可溶性固形物无影响。