超高比表面积活性炭孔分布对天然气脱附量的影响

在比表面积相同的情况下,研究了超高比表面积活性炭吸附剂孔分布对天然气脱附量的影响.研究结果表明,超高比表面积活性炭吸附剂的中孔(2 nm相似文献   

活性污泥中细菌对聚丙烯酰胺的生物降解研究

聚丙烯酰胺(Polyaerylamide,PAM)是一类重要的水溶性高分子聚合物,已广泛应用到工农业生产的各个领域和人们的日常生活中.同时,PAM在环境中的残留、迁移和降解对环境的污染也日趋严重,尤其是降解后的单体丙烯酰胺对人类的神经系统有很大的危害.本文从胜利油田的活性污泥中筛选出3株聚丙烯酰胺降解菌,通过比较筛选出一株降解效果较好的菌,命名为AS-2.根据生理生化特性分析,初步鉴定为海球菌属.采用室内培养方法,研究了AS-2对聚丙烯酰胺生物降解的最佳条件.结果表明,当降解时间为5 d,pH=8,温度为40℃,碳源为原油,氮源为NaNO3,原油和NaNO3的含量分别为2.5,1.4g·L-1时,AS-2对聚丙烯酰胺的降解率达到45.23%.通过对聚丙烯酰胺生物降解前后的红外谱图比较,推断出AS-2主要降解了聚丙烯酰胺侧链的酰胺基,将酰胺基降解为羧酸和游离的氨基.用高效液相色谱检测生化后的PAM溶液,未检测出单体丙烯酰胺.     

用马占相思木材废料制备活性炭

以马占相思木材废料为原料,研究了利用微波辐射磷酸法制备活性炭的可行性。探讨了微波辐射磷酸法在微波功率900W,质量分数为45％磷酸溶液的条件下磷屑比、浸渍时间及微波辐射时间对产品得率、亚甲基蓝脱色能力的影响．得出了该试验条件下微波辐射磷酸法制备活性炭的最佳工艺：磷屑比2．5;1、浸渍时间36h、微波辐射时间12min,用此工艺制得的活性炭得率为48．2％,产品的亚甲基蓝脱色力为8lmL／g,达到国家二级品标准（GB／T13803．2-1999）。     

甾醇提取过程中回收甘油方法及工艺条件的研究

根据甾醇提取工艺的特点,建立了废水处理的工艺流程,并对其试验条件进行优化。活性炭脱色的最佳条件：粉末状活性炭用量为2．0％,反应温度为80℃,反应时间20min。此工艺硫酸钠的收率为80％～85％,经离子交换脱盐,真空浓缩后甘油含量89．3％,甘油的回收率89．1％。该工艺处理后的水可以再利用。     

A Aummary of the Comprehensive Utilizations of Discarded Tobacco Ieaves

The comprehensive utilizations of discarded tobacco leaves are discussed, from which different products such as nicotine,solanesol,amino acid,organic acids,organic fertilizer and activated carbon can be gotten. In extracting,purifi-cating and measuring useful composition of different kinds from tobacco leaves, their properties, especially the stability of solanesol in the sunlight and different solvents have been further research. Comparing and summing up the methods of nicotine, solanesol and their properties and utilizations, as well as the comprehensive utilizations at home and abroad, it helps to make good use of tobacco waste and obtain more tobacco leaves products of high value.     

镁、锰、活性炭和石灰及其交互作用对小麦镉吸收的影响

采用盆栽试验,研究了在镉污染土壤上施用石灰、硫酸镁、硫酸锰和活性炭不同用量以及交互作用对小麦生长和吸收重金属镉的影响。研究结果表明,在试验条件下施用适量的硫酸镁、硫酸锰或与石灰配合能明显提高小麦籽粒产量,单施石灰或与活性炭配合施用降低了小麦籽粒产量;与对照(CK)相比, 所有处理秸秆产量均下降。施用硫酸镁能显著降低小麦籽粒和秸秆中Cd浓度,且随用量的增加而增大。低量硫酸锰能有效降低小麦籽粒和秸秆中Cd浓度,高量反而增加小麦对Cd的吸收。石灰、活性炭单独施用或配合施用都能明显减少小麦对Cd的吸收,但籽/杆中Cd比却随石灰用量的增加呈明显的上升趋势。叶面喷施硫酸镁对降低小麦吸收镉的效果与土施相当,但叶面喷施硫酸锰却比土施硫酸锰显著降低了小麦籽粒中的镉浓度与吸收量。硫酸镁与硫酸锰,或石灰、硫酸镁和硫酸锰3种物质配合施用,对小麦籽粒镉浓度和吸收量的降低表现出明显的正交互作用,对抑制小麦体内镉从秸秆向籽粒的转移具有显著效果。     

活化铁尾砂与镁改性生物炭配施对水稻幼苗生长及盐碱土性质的影响

为探究活化的高硅型铁尾砂与镁改性生物炭配施材料对水稻幼苗生长及盐碱土壤理化性质的影响以及改善盐碱地水稻生产力的可行性,本研究应用电子扫描显微镜对生物炭材料进行形貌结构观察,应用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对生物炭材料进行官能团表征;开展盆栽实验,探究活化铁尾砂与生物炭材料配施对水稻幼苗的形态学和生理学的影响及对盐碱土的改善效果。结果表明,相比于其他生物炭材料,活化铁尾砂-镁改性生物炭材料孔隙较大,表面更加粗糙,对于养分的吸附能力强,表面的官能团丰富。盆栽实验中活化铁尾砂-镁改性生物炭配施组中水稻幼苗株高、根长、根冠比和干质量分别较对照组提高12.61%、191.49%、42.93%和100.00%;叶片的丙二醛和活性氧含量分别降低65.76%和46.46%;过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、叶绿素和可溶性蛋白值分别升高117.35%、44.75%、55.00%和19.31%。施用活化铁尾砂-镁改性生物炭材料后,盐碱土的电导率降低,p H、总碳、总氮、土壤有效硅、总磷和总钾含量升高。研究证明活化铁尾砂-镁改性生物炭材料性能优越,并且活化铁尾砂与镁改性生物炭配施改善了盐碱土壤理化性质和养分含量,使水稻幼...     

Natural vegetation restoration of Liaodong oak (Quercus liaotungensis Koidz.) forests rapidly increased the content and ratio of inert carbon in soil macroaggregates

The lack of clarity of how natural vegetation restoration influences soil organic carbon (SOC) content and SOC components in soil aggregate fractions limits the understanding of SOC sequestration and turnover in forest ecosystems. The aim of this study was to explore how natural vegetation restoration affects the SOC content and ratio of SOC components in soil macroaggregates (>250 μm), microaggregates (53-250 μm), and silt and clay (<53 μm) fractions in 30-, 60-, 90- and 120-year-old Liaodong oak (Quercus liaotungensis Koidz.) forests, Shaanxi, China in 2015. And the associated effects of biomasses of leaf litter and different sizes of roots (0-0.5, 0.5-1.0, 1.0-2.0 and >2.0 mm diameter) on SOC components were studied too. Results showed that the contents of high activated carbon (HAC), activated carbon (AC) and inert carbon (IC) in the macroaggregates, microaggregates and silt and clay fractions increased with restoration ages. Moreover, IC content in the microaggregates in topsoil (0-20 cm) rapidly increased; peaking in the 90-year-old restored forest, and was 5.74 times higher than AC content. In deep soil (20-80 cm), IC content was 3.58 times that of AC content. Biomasses of 0.5-1.0 mm diameter roots and leaf litter affected the content of aggregate fractions in topsoil, while the biomass of >2.0 mm diameter roots affected the content of aggregate fractions in deep soil. Across the soil profiles, macroaggregates had the highest capacity for HAC sequestration. The effects of restoration ages on soil aggregate fractions and SOC content were less in deep soil than in topsoil. In conclusion, natural vegetation restoration of Liaodong oak forests improved the contents of SOC, especially IC within topsoil and deep soil. The influence of IC on aggregate stability was greater than the other SOC components, and the aggregate stability was significantly affected by the biomasses of litter, 0.5-1.0 mm diameter roots in topsoil and >2.0 mm diameter roots in deep soil. Natural vegetation restoration of Liaodong oak forests promoted SOC sequestration by soil macroaggregates.     

氧化铝／碳化钛复合材料的无压烧结

以γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３活性碳，刚玉砂和石墨粉为埋粉，在由液ＮＨ３分解产生的Ｎ２和Ｈ２气氛中，采用无压烧结方法制备了氧化铝／碳化钛复合材料，研究了埋粉成分，升温速度等烧结性能的影响，实验结果表明，无压烧结产品的显微结构和机械性能上与热压产品比较没有明显的差异。     

HJS-90型颗粒活性炭挤出机的研制

本文分析了国内各种类型的颗粒活性炭挤出机存在的优缺点,介绍了HJS-90型挤出机的工作原理及结构设计。该机采用不等长同向旋转的双螺杆,兼有单螺杆和双螺杆挤出机的特点。试验表明,使用该机,喂料容易,螺杆自洁性好,出料均匀,生产效率高,使用寿命长。