Hormaomycins B and C: New Antibiotic Cyclic Depsipeptides from a Marine Mudflat-Derived Streptomyces sp.

Alterations in microbial culture conditions may trigger the production of diverse bioactive secondary metabolites. While applying various culture conditions and monitoring secondary metabolite profiles using LC/MS, hormaomycins B and C (1 and 2) were discovered from a marine mudflat-derived actinomycete, Streptomyces sp., collected in Mohang, Korea. The planar structures of the hormaomycins, which bear structurally-unique units, such as 4-(Z)-propenylproline, 3-(2-nitrocyclopropyl)alanine, 5-chloro-1-hydroxypyrrol-2-carboxylic acid and β-methylphenylalanine, were established as the first natural analogues belonging to the hormaomycin peptide class. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were deduced by comparing their CD spectra with that of hormaomycin. These hormaomycins exhibited significant inhibitory effects against various pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.     

葡萄霜霉病菌拮抗放线菌PY-1发酵条件优化

为探讨暗黑链霉菌Streptomyces atratus PY-1液体摇瓶发酵条件,提高其活性次级代谢产物的产量,以菌体生物量和发酵液抑制葡萄霜霉病菌Plasmopara viticola活性为指标,采用单因子试验和正交试验对菌株PY-1的最适发酵培养基成分及发酵条件进行优化。结果表明,菌株PY-1最适发酵培养基为玉米粉50 g/L、葡萄糖5 g/L、蛋白胨5 g/L、氯化铵5 g/L、氯化钠 0.5 g/L;最佳发酵培养条件为培养温度28 ℃、培养时间5 d、初始pH 7.0、250 mL三角瓶装液量90 mL、接种量体积分数5%、摇床转速180 r/min。在最佳发酵培养基和培养条件下,菌株PY-1发酵液抑菌率达到99.26%,抑菌能力提高8.35%。     

人参锈腐病菌拮抗放线菌JY36发酵条件研究

对人参锈腐病拮抗放线菌JY36的发酵条件进行研究,确定了其最佳培养基组成及培养条件。单因素试验和正交试验结果表明,最佳斜面固体培养基为3号培养基,最佳种子培养基为4号培养基,最佳发酵培养基为6号培养基。最适发酵时间为120 h,最适发酵培养温度为30℃,最适初始pH值为7。     

Two antimycin A analogues from marine-derived actinomycete Streptomyces lusitanus

Two new antimycin A analogues, antimycin B1 and B2 (1-2), were isolated from a spent broth of a marine-derived bacterium, Streptomyces lusitanus. The structures of 1 and 2 were established on the basis of spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods. The isolated compounds were tested for their anti-bacterial potency. Compound 1 was found to be inactive against the bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Staphyloccocus aureus, and Loktanella hongkongensis. Compound 2 showed antibacterial activities against S. aureus and L. hongkongensis with MIC values of 32.0 and 8.0 μg/mL, respectively.     

海洋微生物活性物质的研究进展

对海洋放线菌、海洋细菌、海洋真菌及海洋微藻产生的生物活性物质进行综述。     

海洋放线菌F-1013对几丁质的利用及其发酵液的优化

研究了分离自海洋虾壳的一株放线菌F-1013对几丁质的利用及其发酵液的优化。结果表明：该菌具有较高的几丁酶活力。通过对该菌发酵液的筛选和优化,认为该菌在pH8-9、5%的虾壳粉培养液中发酵5-7d,甲壳低聚糖含量达到0.3mg.mL-1,产菌量优于其他基质的培养基。     

委内瑞拉链霉菌RL-2活性产物对植物病原真菌的抑制作用及其作用机制

为了探明委内瑞拉链霉菌RL-2在植物病害生物防治中的应用价值,在离体条件下采用生长速率法、活体条件下采用盆栽法研究了RL-2活性产物对多种植物病原真菌的抑制作用。结果表明:在离体条件下,RL-2活性产物对供试的7种病原真菌均有较强的抑制作用,其中对稻瘟病菌的抑制作用最强,EC50为5.35mg/L;在活体条件下,不仅能阻止专性寄生的黄瓜霜霉病病原菌菌丝入侵,而且对已侵入的菌丝有很好的治疗效果。电镜观察结果显示,RL-2活性产物强烈抑制病原菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发,引起菌丝膨大和畸形、孢子萌发率降低、萌发孢子芽管畸形。此外,经RL-2活性物质处理的病原菌接种寄主植物后,其致病性减弱、病斑扩展减慢。     

生防放线菌153固态发酵条件的优化及其耐热力检测

【目的】探讨生防放线菌153的固态发酵条件,并考察其耐热力,为生防放线菌的大规模生产及活体菌剂的研制提供技术支持。【方法】将发酵物的含菌量作为筛选指标,以玉米粉、甘油、蔗糖、葡糖糖和可溶性淀粉为碳源,以小米粉、蛋白胨、酵母浸粉、黄豆粉和尿素为氮源,通过单因素试验获得适宜的碳、氮源,再采用L25(56)正交设计优化固体培养基配方,在此基础上确定固态发酵终点以及所需的接种量和种子液种龄。最后将壳聚糖、非耕作层黄土、高岭土、炉渣、碳酸钙、面粉和几丁质分别与生防放线菌153菌粉混合,55℃水浴至致死中时,测定生防放线菌153的耐热力,筛选适宜的载体。【结果】生防放线菌153固体培养基配方为:80mg/g麦麸、8mg/g玉米粉、10mg/g小米粉和2mg/g蛋白胨,初始含水量(含0.5g/L石灰的自来水)为60%,在此条件下培养,培养物的含菌量较对照增加了94.1%。生防放线菌153固态发酵培养终点为216h,接种量为20%(每100g固态培养基接种20mL种子液),种子液种龄为84h。生防菌153的适宜载体为壳聚糖和非耕作层黄土。【结论】确定了生防放线菌153的固态发酵条件,该条件可以促进生防菌153的生长产孢,并提高菌株的保存稳定性;确定了筛选生放菌153载体的方法,即55℃条件下水浴处理136min。     

降解秸秆的细菌和放线菌的分离与筛选

用秸秆粉部分代替LB、高氏培养基中的碳源,通过延长培养时间从土样中分别富集降解秸秆的细菌、放线菌,用稀释倒平皿挑取单菌落法通过菌落形态差异分离出细菌29株、放线菌29株。用秸秆粉培养基定性鉴别法鉴别出其中有8株细菌、10株放线菌能降解秸秆。测试了硝酸铵、酵母粉和土壤浸液等添加物对能降解秸秆的细菌和放线菌在秸秆粉培养基上生长的影响。结果表明,酵母粉对细菌的生长具有明显促进作用,其他添加物对供试菌的生长影响较小。     

防治辣椒疫病的生防放线菌固体发酵培养基优选试验

采用固体发酵的方式研究了2株防治辣椒疫病生防放线菌固体发酵培养基的种类和配方。结果表明:采用固态发酵工艺培养2株生防放线菌可获得活孢子数高的生防菌剂。玉米粉是适于A3和A5的2株放线菌固态发酵优良C、N源物质,玉米粉Ⅴ培养基可作为2株生防放线菌共同发酵的固态培养基质。