负水头条件下的水平一维土壤吸渗特征

该文分析了不同负水头条件下土壤水分运动特征,并通过室内模拟试验研究了不同负水头条件下水平一维土壤的吸渗特征,根据Brooks-corey模型推求了描述负水头条件下土壤吸渗公式,并分析了各参量间的函数关系。分析了Philip吸渗公式在负水头条件下的适用性,并对所建立的公式进行检验。研究结果表明：上述理论关系可以很好描述负水头条件下水平一维土壤吸渗过程。     

作物吸收Cd的影响因素分析及籽实Cd含量的预测

我国许多大的江河流域冲积平原土壤普遍存在重金属Cd异常,食用生长在其上的粮食是人体摄入Cd的一个主要途径。作物吸收Cd量受很多土壤因素的控制,为了确定影响作物籽实Cd含量的土壤理化指标,采用多元线性回归分析对采自江苏省南京、扬州和苏州郊区的水稻和小麦籽实及相对应的土壤样品进行了研究。结果表明,土壤总Cd含量和pH值是影响农作物籽实Cd含量的两个主要因子,虽然其他土壤理化性质指标对作物吸收Cd量也有一定的影响,但是影响程度均没有达到极显著水平,在忽略这些因子的情况下,水稻和小麦籽实的Cd含量、土壤总Cd含量和土壤pH值之间具有以下相关关系：log（水稻Cd）=-0．369—0．068pH＋0．153log（土壤Cd）;log（小麦Cd）=0．624—0．164pH＋0．421 log（土壤Cd）。这两个模型对水稻和小麦籽实Cd含量的预测能力均达到了极显著水平。     

2,4-表油菜素内酯和生长素促进大麦胚芽鞘伸长生长的协同作用

以大麦胚芽鞘为材料,研究了生长素吲哚乙酸(indole-3-acetic ac id,IAA)和2,4表油菜素内酯(2,4-ep ibras-sinolide,ep iBR)对胚芽鞘伸长的影响。结果表明:200μmol.L-1IAA和1μmol.L-1ep iBR在黑暗条件下均促进大麦胚芽鞘的伸长生长,而且在该过程中二者存在协同作用,但必须是在IAA之前施用ep iBR或两者共同处理时才能表现;100 mg.L-12,3,5三碘苯甲酸(2,3,5-triiodobenzoic ac id,TIBA)能抑制ep iBR诱导的胚芽鞘伸长生长,暗示IAA的极性运输是ep iBR促进大麦胚芽鞘伸长生长所必需的;内源激素分析表明,ep iBR处理后胚芽鞘内源IAA含量上升,暗示ep iBR对大麦胚芽鞘伸长的促进作用在一定程度上通过调控内源IAA的水平起作用。     

红壤干旱过程中剖面水分特征与土层干旱指标

农田水分管理以及产量评估都需要对土壤作物受旱状况定量化和指标化。干旱强度和干旱程度结合才能完整地描述土壤作物干旱状况,土壤干旱强度I是土壤剖面失水速率的函数,干旱影响逐渐累积并增强就构成干旱程度D,据此提出了包含I和D二个指数的土层干旱指标表达模式。通过红壤小区种植玉米并在抽穗期开始设置连续干旱12～36 d等6个不同的处理,研究了红壤干旱过程中剖面水分特征和干旱指标。结果表明：供试红壤干旱过程中剖面40 cm以下含水率下降幅度很小,玉米主要利用了0～40 cm土层的水分,监测30～40 cm土层含水率的变化情况可以指示玉米受到干旱胁迫的程度。连续干旱25 d后40 cm以下土层含水率明显降低,玉米产量也显著下降,此时0～60 cm土层和30～40 cm土层的干旱程度D均为0.55,可用此指标作为灌溉的依据。     

海南不同母质橡胶人工林土壤微生物群落功能特征

本研究运用Biolog-Eco微平板培养技术对海南橡胶人工林4种母质(花岗岩、玄武岩、变质岩和浅海沉积物)发育土壤微生物群落功能特征进行研究,同时测定土壤理化特性,探究不同母质发育橡胶人工林土壤微生物群落的代谢活性和功能特征及其与土壤理化性质的相关性.结果表明:不同母质之间橡胶人工林土壤理化性质存在显著差异,总体上玄武...     

Effects of dietary vitamin E and fat supplementation in growing-finishing swine fed to a heavy slaughter weight of 150 kg: II. Tissue fatty acid profile,vitamin E concentrations,and antioxidant capacity of plasma and tissue

The study aimed to assess the effects of vitamin E (VE) supplementation and fat source on fatty acid (FA) composition, VE concentrations, and antioxidant capacity in plasma and tissues of pigs fed to a heavy slaughter weight (150 kg). A total of 64 pigs (32 barrows, 32 gilts; 28.41 ± 0.83 kg) were blocked by sex and weight, and randomly assigned to one of eight dietary treatments (n = 8 per treatment) in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement. Fat sources included corn starch (CS), 5% tallow (TW), 5% distiller’s corn oil (DCO), and 5% coconut oil (CN); VE supplementation levels were 11 and 200 ppm. Five-phase diets were formulated to meet requirement estimates of NRC (2012) and fed to pigs for each period of 25 kg from 25 to 150 kg. Increasing VE supplementation level increased C16:1 (P < 0.05) content but decreased C20:0 (P < 0.05) content in backfat and belly fat, while in liver, it increased C17:0 (P < 0.05) but decreased C18:0 (P < 0.05). Compared to the pigs fed the CS diet, the pigs fed the CN diet had greater (P < 0.05) content of total saturated FA, the pigs fed the DCO diet had greater (P < 0.05) content of total polyunsaturated FA content and iodine value, and the pigs fed the TW diet had greater (P < 0.05) content of total monounsaturated FA in backfat, belly fat, and liver. Plasma VE concentrations increased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing length of feeding but faster (P < 0.05) in the pigs fed the CN and TW diets compared with the CS and DCO diets within the 200 ppm VE level; the pigs fed the DCO diet had the highest plasma VE concentrations (P < 0.05) from Phase 2 to Phase 5 within the 11 ppm VE level. The VE concentrations in liver and loin muscle (P < 0.05) increased with increasing dietary VE level from 11 to 200 ppm, but it was not affected by dietary fat source. There was no effect of VE supplementation and fat source on antioxidant capacity in plasma and liver except that pigs fed the DCO diet had greater liver SOD activity (P < 0.05) than the pigs fed the CN diet. In conclusion, dietary VE supplementation did not affect FA profile in backfat, belly fat, and liver consistently, while dietary FA composition with different fat sources affected much of the FA profile in backfat, belly fat, and liver. The higher level of VE supplementation increased liver and muscle VE concentrations and dietary fat sources affected plasma VE concentrations differently (P < 0.05), wherein the TW and CN diets increased the VE absorption greater than the DCO diet.     

腐殖酸复合生物肥对日光温室番茄增产增收效果的影响

为验证腐殖酸复合生物肥在日光温室番茄上的施用增产效果,选用液体冲施型腐殖酸复合生物肥,采用多处理随机区组试验,结果表明:常用肥+腐殖酸生物肥配施追肥与常用肥单施追肥比较,番茄的植物学性状、产量及经济效益均存在显著差异,常用肥+腐殖酸生物肥配合追施产量高达8697.62kg·(667 m2)-1,较常用肥单施追肥增产671.01kg·(667 m2)-1,增产率8.36%,收益达20544.28元/667m2,增收1580.4元/667m2,增加8.33%,增产增收效果明显,适宜在温室番茄生产上推广应用。     

槟榔间作香露兜对土壤养分和养分吸收的影响

为了研究槟榔间作香露兜对土壤养分和养分吸收的影响,采用盆栽试验的方法,对槟榔单作、槟榔间作香露兜和香露兜单作3种种植模式的土壤理化性质和养分吸收进行比较研究。结果表明：槟榔间作香露兜后,相对于单作槟榔,土壤EC值和碱解氮含量显著降低47.15%和25.74%,土壤速效磷含量显著增加32.32%,其中碱解氮与过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶极显著负相关,速效磷与总根长、根系总表面积、根体积、根数目、脲酶和酸性磷酸酶显著正相关,速效磷与过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶极显著正相关;槟榔地上部N浓度以及香露兜地上部P和K浓度分别显著增加41.56%、26.56%和25.69%;而槟榔和香露兜根系以及地上部N、P和K养分含量均高于单作,其中根系槟榔P和K含量和香露兜K含量显著增加;同时,间作后槟榔和香露兜对N的吸收效率均高于单作,香露兜的P和K的吸收效率高于单作并略高于槟榔的吸收效率,其中P和K的吸收效率与总根长、总表面积、根体积、根数目均显著正相关,氮的吸收效率与根系形态无显著相关关系。综上所述,槟榔间作香露兜增加了土壤中速效磷含量,促进了槟榔和香露兜对氮、磷和钾养分的吸收,土壤速效磷含量的增加、养分吸收效率的提高均与根系形态显著正相关。     

逆固相基质分散净化和气质联机检测土壤中的六氯苯残留

建立了逆固相基质分散净化和气质联机法(GC-MS)快速、简便测定土壤中六氯苯(HCB)残留量的方法。以丙酮-正己烷(1∶ 1,体积比)为提取剂,采用超声波萃取,经固相基质PSA(primary secondary amine)吸附净化后采用GC-MS选择离子模式检测。结果表明,六氯苯在0.05~5 mg/L浓度范围内呈现出较好的线性关系,相关系数R2=0.999 5; 方法检测限为0.3 μg/kg,定量限为0.9 μg/kg,在0.89、1.78、8.90 mg/kg 3个添加水平上的平均回收率分别为106.6％、108.2％和108.1％。用该方法测定了天津某生产厂厂区地下1~10 m深的土壤样本,发现六氯苯的残留量在2.3~25 912 mg/kg 之间,表现出显著的空间变异趋势。该方法快速、简便、经济、高效、实用并且安全,适合大批量样本中六氯苯的快速检测。     

西南地区主要类型土壤钾素有效性分析

通过测定西南地区主要类型土壤的基本农化性状、Q/I曲线、固钾率和酸提取钾来研究土壤钾素缓冲容量(PBCK),进而分析土壤钾素的有效性.试验结果表明,PBCK与土壤CEC、固钾率和酸提取均呈极显著正相关,因此可以用PECK来衡量土壤钾素有效性.