马尾松不同种源氨基酸含量与抗松材线虫病的关系

在选出和验证抗病马尾松种源的基础上,研究了马尾松不同抗病性种源的树体内氨基酸含量的差异。结果表明,抗病种源在接种松材线虫前后均比较感种源含有较少的组氨酸、苏氨酸、甘氨酸、异亮氨酸、胱氨酸、甲硫氨酸、亮氨酸、酪氨酸和精氨酸等９种游离氨基酸。它们与感病指数均呈正相关,这说明游离氨基酸含量低的马尾松种源抗松材线虫病。１１种固态氨基酸的含量与感病指数有负相关性,说明其含量较高的种源具较强抗病性能。     

吲哚乙酸引导下三唑醇在大豆植株中的传导与积累研究初报

将吲哚乙酸与三唑醇发生酯化反应后生成的吲哚乙酸三唑醇酯 ,在0.5 mmol/L浓度下水培和喷雾处理6~8叶期大豆植株,同时以相同浓度的三唑醇及其与吲哚乙酸的混合物为对照,色谱法测定不同时间植株不同部位吲哚乙酸三唑醇酯和三唑醇的含量。结果表明,与对照相比,吲哚乙酸三唑醇酯在大豆中具有明显的双向传导和向根部积累的特点。喷雾处理后,在12~60 h之间内吸量和根部积累量均出现最大值。     

外源ALA对NaCl胁迫下酸枣幼苗叶绿素合成的影响

【目的】研究外源ALA对NaCl胁迫下酸枣幼苗叶绿素合成的影响。【方法】以酸枣水培幼苗为材料,研究外源ALA对NaCl胁迫下酸枣幼苗叶片内源ALA含量、胆色素原含量、原卟啉Ⅸ含量、Mg-原卟啉Ⅸ含量、原叶绿酸酯含量以及叶绿素总含量的影响。【结果】与150 mmol/L NaCl处理相比,外施100 mg/L ALA显著提高了酸枣幼苗的内源ALA含量、胆色素原含量、原卟啉Ⅸ含量、Mg-原卟啉Ⅸ含量、原叶绿酸酯含量、叶绿素a、b含量以及叶绿素总含量,较NaCl处理分别提高44.8%、20.8%、21.2%、26.4%、36.5%、36.0%、38.4%和41.2%;且叶绿素合成受阻位点在ALA向PBG转化过程。【结论】外源ALA可以促进NaCl胁迫下酸枣幼苗叶绿素的合成,促进幼苗生长。     

New mutants of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) with changed fatty acid composition

Seeds of the winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) line PN 3756/93 were treated with ethyl methanesulphonate to induce mutations in the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway. The seed mutagenic treatment was repeated in the M₂ generation. After treatments, individual seed and plant selections were made for changes in fatty acid composition during several generations of inbreeding. Self‐pollinated plants with changed fatty acid compositions were inbred to obtain genetically homozygous and stable mutant lines. Two mutants, M‐10453 and M‐10464, with increased levels of oleic acid (approximately 76%) and reduced linoleic and linolenic acid contents (8.5% and 7.5%, respectively) were selected. Gene or genes controlling desaturation of oleic acid were probably mutated in these plants. The third mutant, M‐681 had a very low linolenic acid content (approximately 2.6%) and increased linoleic acid content (approximately 26%). This would suggest the occurrence of mutations in genes controlling linoleic acid desaturation. The results of selection work during several generations showed that the environment had substantial influence on the composition of seed oil. This made the search for mutants with modify fatty acid compositions difficult. The induced mutants are not directly usable as new varieties, but can be used as parents in crosses for the development of high quality rapeseed varieties.     

我国金银花绿原酸含量及影响因子研究进展

绿原酸在中药金银花中的含量较高,有较强的生理活性,是金银花的主要有效成分之一。综述金银花绿原酸含量以及影响金银花绿原酸含量的因子,为金银花遗传改良提供参考。     

不同地域环境对枸杞蛋白质和药用氨基酸含量的影响

根据2000～2001年我国北方六省(区)多点枸杞采样资料和田间试验资料,利用K-均值聚类方法和非线性回归方法,对比分析了宁杞1号枸杞蛋白质和9种药用氨基酸含量的差异和特点,以及生态因子对它们的影响。分析结果表明,不同地域栽种的宁杞1号枸杞蛋白质和9种药用氨基酸含量的变异系数分别为16.58%和16.22%,除品种因子的决定作用以外,环境条件对枸杞蛋白质含量有一定作用,其中土壤水解氮含量对蛋白质和氨基酸合成有一定作用,二者呈对数关系。     

植物根围促生细菌菌剂增强玉米干旱耐受性研究

选用植物根围促生细菌(PGPR)菌剂BBS处理玉米幼苗,研究干旱胁迫下玉米幼苗叶片相关生理特性及基因表达差异。结果表明,干旱胁迫15 d后,BBS处理组玉米幼苗的萎蔫程度显著低于对照组;处理组植株叶片MDA含量仅为对照组的74.35%,叶片脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量分别是对照组的3.39倍和1.07倍;处理组植株叶片ZmP5CS1的表达水平及SOD活性均显著高于对照组;BBS处理组植株叶片在干旱胁迫过程中一直保持较低的H_2O_2含量。研究得出,BBS处理能够有效减缓干旱胁迫对玉米幼苗造成的伤害,进而加速正常浇水后的恢复。处理组植株叶片NCED1和ZmDREB2.7的高水平表达也表明干旱胁迫下玉米幼苗与BBS的互作过程可能有依赖ABA信号途径及不依赖ABA信号途径的共同参与。     

甘蓝型双低油菜品种沪油15的选育

甘蓝型双低油菜品种沪油15系采用品种（系）间的双方方法育成，种子含油量42.43%，芥酸含量0.38%，硫甙含量19.01μmol/g。上海市油菜区域试验平均产量2147.3kg/hm^2，比对照汇油50增产31．3％，上海市油菜生产试验平均产量2700.0kg/hm^2，比对照汇油50增产12.6%。沪油15适于我国长江下游冬油菜区种植。