草酸对重寄生真菌盾壳霉分生孢子萌发和菌丝生长的影响

 本文研究了草酸对核盘菌的重寄生真菌盾壳霉(Coniothyrium minitans)分生孢子萌发和菌丝生长的影响。结果表明:草酸对盾壳霉分生孢子萌发没有明显促进作用,在酸碱性非缓冲基质(水琼脂)和酸碱性缓冲基质中,抑制盾壳霉分生孢子萌发的最低浓度分别为150和700μg/mL。在马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基中,当草酸浓度为100~2000μg/mL时,盾壳霉菌丝能够生长,且浓度为300~500μg/mL的草酸对盾壳霉的菌丝生长具有明显的促进作用。在以草酸为唯一碳源的合成培养基中,在酸碱性非缓冲的条件下,当草酸浓度为100~2000μg/mL时,盾壳霉菌丝能够生长,且草酸浓度为500μg/mL时对盾壳霉菌丝生长具有促进作用,而当草酸浓度为2500μg/mL时,盾壳霉菌丝则停止生长。在酸碱性缓冲的合成基质中,草酸浓度为100~4000μg/mL时,盾壳霉菌丝能够生长,且草酸浓度为1500~2500μg/mL时对盾壳霉菌丝生长具有促进作用。在含草酸钙的混浊培养基(以草酸为唯一碳源)上,盾壳霉菌落区域形成了透明圈。上述结果说明盾壳霉能忍耐一定浓度的草酸而进行分生孢子萌发及菌丝生长,且这种真菌可能对草酸分子具有分解作用。     

缺铁胁迫下4种野生梨砧木介质pH值及根系Fe~(3+)还原酶活性的变化

以川梨、砂梨、豆梨和杜梨为材料,研究了在缺铁胁迫下培养介质的pH值和根系Fe3+还原酶活性的变化。结果表明,缺铁胁迫使4种砧木的介质pH值于处理的第2天就迅速降低,并且一直低于低铁和正常供铁处理;而低铁处理下,介质pH值在最初几天内反而高于正常处理,至4～5d之后才逐渐低于正常供铁处理;同时,NH4+-N对降低介质pH值和缓解缺铁症状有利。4种砧木的根系Fe3+还原酶活性都随供铁浓度的增加而不同程度的增大:无铁处理下,砂梨根系Fe3+的还原能力最小、杜梨最大;而在低铁和正常供铁条件下,砂梨和川梨的还原能力最强,杜梨次之,豆梨最小。还原酶大小与症状表现之间具有一致性。     

不同地域环境对枸杞蛋白质和药用氨基酸含量的影响

根据2000～2001年我国北方六省(区)多点枸杞采样资料和田间试验资料,利用K-均值聚类方法和非线性回归方法,对比分析了宁杞1号枸杞蛋白质和9种药用氨基酸含量的差异和特点,以及生态因子对它们的影响。分析结果表明,不同地域栽种的宁杞1号枸杞蛋白质和9种药用氨基酸含量的变异系数分别为16.58%和16.22%,除品种因子的决定作用以外,环境条件对枸杞蛋白质含量有一定作用,其中土壤水解氮含量对蛋白质和氨基酸合成有一定作用,二者呈对数关系。     

Effects of 11, 12-EET and ischemic preconditioning on phosphorylated ERK and p38 MAPK during ischemia and reperfusion in rat myocardium

AIM: In order to study the relationship between the ERK and p38 MAPK activation and the protection of 11, 12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (11, 12-EET) and ischemia preconditioning (IP), the effects of 11, 12-EET and ischemic preconditioning on phosphorylated ERK and p38 MAPK during ischemia and reperfusion in rat myocardium were examined. METHODS: The rat heart was subjected to ischemia for 5 min by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery followed by reperfusion for 5 min (two times) to undergo ischemia preconditioning. The rats were divided into 5 groups: (1) control; (2) sham group; (3) ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group, in which the rat heart suffered from 60 min ischemia followed by 30 min reperfusion; (4) IP plus I/R group; (5) EET plus I/R group, in which 6.28×10^-8 mol/L 11, 12-EET was injected intravenously 20 min before I/R. The heart function was examined, and phosphorylated ERK and p38 MAPK were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: At 30 min reperfusion, +dp/dt_max, -dp/dt_max and LVDP decreased significantly in I/R group compared with sham group, IP plus I/R group and EET plus I/R group; Phosphorylated ERK1/2 level was higher in I/R group than sham group, but was lower in I/R group than IP plus I/R group and EET plus I/R group; Phosphorylated p38 MAPK level was lower in control, sham, IP plus I/R and EET plus I/R group than I/R group. CONCLUSION: 11,12-EET protects rat heart against ischemia/reperfusion injury, the mechanism may be related to activation of ERK1/2 and inhibition of p38 MAPK.     

半夏和苦楝汁液对菜青虫的杀虫活性初报

用3龄菜青虫(Pieris rapae L．)对半夏(Pinellia ternata Breit)块茎和苦楝(Melia azedarach L．)叶、果的汁液进行了室内杀虫活性的测定。结果表明：半夏对菜青虫的胃毒作用和室内防治效果较高，72h校正死亡率分别达75．8％和82.3％，触杀作用为38．6％，具有开发应用的潜力。     

吡啶衍生物研究(IX):N-(1-甲氧羰基)乙基-N-[5-(2-氯吡啶-4-基)-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基]酰胺的合成及除草活性

为了进一步研究前期发现的除草先导化合物2-仲丁氨基-5-(2-氯吡啶-4-基)-1，3，4-噻二唑(BCPT)的结构-活性关系并提高其除草活性，设计并合成了一系列N-(1-甲氧羰基)乙基-N-[5-(2-氯吡啶-4-基)-1，3，4-噻二唑-2-基]酰胺类化合物。其苗后除草活性测定结果表明，所有化合物的活性都远低于BCPT本身。说明BCPT可能具有与传统酰胺类除草剂不同的作用机制。     

苦皮藤素类似物的合成与结构鉴定

以苦皮藤Celastrus angulatus Max.提取物水解产物中的多羟基β-二氢沉香呋喃为原料,合成了对粘虫Mythimna separata具有毒杀活性的苦皮藤素(Celangulin)类似物,并在活性追踪的指导下分离得到了两个具有杀虫活性的苦皮藤素类似物 A和B, 其结构经核磁共振谱、快原子轰击质谱、高分辨质谱等波谱学方法鉴定为2β,6α,8β,13-四异丁酰氧基-1β,4α,9α-三羟基-β-二氢沉香呋喃及1β,2β,6α,8β,13-五异丁酰氧基-4α,9α-二羟基-β-二氢沉香呋喃。化合物 A和B 均为新化合物,在20 mg/mL的浓度下对三龄粘虫Mythimna separata的胃毒活性(死亡率)分别为89.5%和93.2%。     

Ascorbic acid level of Belgian apple genetic resources

With the help of the public, a wide collection of old apple cultivars (cvs) was established progressively at our Department from 1975 onwards. Currently, more than 1400 apple accessions are being maintained and three quarters of them are subjected to field evaluation for disease resistance and agronomic characters. This paper presents results of the ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) contents of old cvs combining interesting disease resistance and agronomic features in order to promote them as cvs adapted to production systems which are more environmentally friendly or to be used as parents in breeding programmes. First, a methodological study shows the importance of the variability of ascorbic acid content depending on fruit position in the trees, fruit size, fruit skin colour and maturity stage. Statistical analyses show that the sample size of six fruits per cv is sufficient to detect a difference of 20% between cvs. Old apple cvs such as Grenadier^RGF, Transparente de Croncels, Bramley’s Seedling, Reinette des Capucins, Reinette Libotte and Reinette de Waleffe contain three and seven times more ascorbic acid than the commercial cvs Gala and Elstar, respectively. The paper highlights the need to evaluate the rich potential in our genetic resources.     

牛初乳中活性物质IgG含量分析

通过对产犊后前四天内牛初乳活性物质(IgG)含量的检测，分析牛初乳中活性物质的变化规律及冻结、巴氏杀菌对其影响。     

Contribution of insulin to the ascorbate recycling system in the chicken liver

The effect of insulin on the ascorbate recycling system in the chicken liver was examined. First, insulin was injected subcutaneously into the chicken, and liver glutathione‐dependent dehydroascorbate reductase (GSH‐DHAR) activity was determined. Insulin increased liver GSH‐DHAR activity, but did not affect plasma and liver ascorbate concentration. Dehydroascorbate increased plasma and liver ascorbate levels, and liver GSH‐DHAR activity. However, distinct changes in plasma insulin level were not observed by dehydroascorbate injection. In addition, reduction of external dehydroascorbate in cultured chicken hepatocytes could not be observed in an insulin‐deprived culture, although the cells reduced external dehydroascorbate in a serum‐free culture with insulin. We concluded that insulin affects the ascorbate recycling system as an essential factor in the chicken liver.