基于EOS/MODIS数据的抚远县水稻面积提取技术研究

为获取黑龙江省大范围的水稻种植空间分布及面积等信息,指导水稻生产,以抚远县为研究区域,利用EOS/MODIS数据进行水稻面积提取研究。结果表明:抚远县水稻面积309 513.32hm2。水稻种植区域精度较高的图框区域集中在抚远县中部及南部地区,这些地区水稻种植比较集中,且所占比例很高,其它作物较少,对混合像元的精度影响小;精度较低的图框主要集中在北部地区,这与实际情况相符合,水稻种植较零散且其它混种作物种类及荒草类别比较复杂,混合像元分类精度较低。     

提高天然气流量计量的准确度

叙述了天然气计算技术的现状及发展趋势,分析了孔板流量计在天然气工业应用中存在的问题,指出了提高天然气流量计量准确度的措施,提出了解决孔板开孔直角入口边缘尖锐度钝化和测量范围窄等问题的新思路。     

The use of incidence counts for estimation of aphid populations. 2. Confidence intervals from fixed sample sizes

Two approaches have been used in the monitoring of local populations of cereal aphids: direct counting of aphids on a number of tillers, and the less time-consuming assessment of incidence levels (the proportion of tillers infested). This paper compares the accuracy of these two methods, using a fixed sample size, as is desirable in a practical monitoring system. It is shown that the two methods are equally reliable over a range of incidence levels, but that the confidence intervals for the population density are very broad. Reduction of these sampling error requires a considerable increase in sample size, so they should instead be taken into account in the management decision-making process.Samenvatting Er worden doorgaans twee methoden gebruikt om de dichtheid van graanluizen vast te stellen: directe telling en bepaling van het bezettingsperentage. De nauwkeurigheid van deze twee methoden wordt hier vergeleken bij een constante monstergrootte, die gewenst is bij praktische waarnemingssystemen. De beide methoden zijn even betrouwbaar over een reeks van bezettingspercentages, maar de betrouwbaarheids-intervallen zijn erg ruim. Verkleining van deze bemonsteringsfouten vereist een aanzienlijke toename van de monstergrootte, zodat het waarschijnlijk beter is deze fouten in het beslissingsproces voor de bestrijding te betrekken.     

Assessment of different methods to estimate bovine colostrum quality on farm

AIMS: To evaluate two different hydrometers and an optical and a digital Brix refractometer for the assessment of bovine colostrum quality, in terms of accuracy and precision compared with the measurement of IgG concentrations using radial immunodiffusion (RID), and to evaluate the reliability and repeatability of the Brix refractometers.

METHODS: To determine reliability and repeatability, 145 colostrum samples were tested by two independent observers twice, using the optical and digital Brix refractometers. A further 193 colostrum samples from Holstein cows were collected on one commercial dairy farm at first milking and tested with two hydrometers and an optical and digital Brix refractometer. An aliquot of each sample was frozen for RID measurement of IgG concentrations and samples were classified as poor (≤50 g IgG/L) or good (>50?g?IgG/L) quality colostrum. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to determine inter- and intra-observer reliability and repeatability. Optimised cut-off values for the four devices were determined using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis with the RID results as the reference. Using these cut-offs, sensitivities and specificities for determining good quality colostrum were calculated.

RESULTS: The ICC for inter-observer reliability was 0.98 for the optical Brix refractometer, and for intra-observer repeatability was 0.97 and 0.98 for the optical and the digital Brix refractometers, respectively. For the 193 colostrum samples, 67 (34.7%) had concentrations of IgG ≤50 g/L determined by RID. Optimised cut-off values evaluated by ROC analysis were higher for all devices compared with manufacturer reference or previously published values. Using these values, the sensitivities for the two hydrometers, and the optical and the digital Brix refractometers were 0.73, 0.71, 0.56 and 0.79, respectively; specificities were 0.72, 0.61, 0.90 and 0.69, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The Brix refractometers provided the most accurate assessment of colostrum quality of the devices evaluated, and demonstrated excellent precision in terms of repeatability. To provide optimal health for newborn calves, a sufficient intake of good quality colostrum is essential. The Brix refractometers provide rapid, convenient tools for classification of colostrum quality.     

基于GBLUP和Bayes方法实现山羊体重基因组选择

为有效实现山羊基因组选择,提高选择准确性,根据前期对内蒙古绒山羊生产性能的遗传评估结果,以山羊的体重(h2=0.11)性状为例,结合NCBI已经公布的山羊基因组序列信息,设定群体传递过程和基因组参数,模拟获得个体表型和基因型数据,利用GBLUP和Bayes方法进行基因组育种值估计。结果表明,不同历史群体变化模式下,基因组选择对山羊体重基因组育种估计值准确性无显著影响(P>0.05)。GBLUP法估计的准确性高于Bayes Lasso,准确性达0.40。在历史群体下降模式下,基因组选择准确性高于恒定模式。     

Interpretation of lysimeter weighing data affected by wind

Weighing lysimeters are valuable devices for measuring water‐balance components with high temporal resolution and high accuracy. However, some older lysimeter facilities still operate with lever‐arm‐counterbalance weighing systems that are sensitive to disturbances, e.g., forces exerted by wind. Filtering and averaging are commonly used for processing noisy raw data. We studied some data of a lever‐arm weighing system and performed additional experiments in order to (1) determine the measurement accuracy of the current weighing scheme (facility, and measuring and averaging procedure) regarding wind effects, (2) describe the oscillation behavior, (3) test the mechanical performance of the system, and (4) adapt the averaging procedure with respect to improved interpretation of the weighing data. The measurement accuracy for a wind velocity < 5 m s^–1, measured in 10 m height, was ≈ ± 0.4 kg (equivalent to ± 0.14 mm); at a higher wind velocity, the accuracy was three times lower, but there was no linear relationship. Additional experiments showed that the weighing system is oscillating with more or less irregular amplitudes. A loading–unloading experiment delivered proper results of the measured loads. The mechanical system reacted immediately, and no directional effects were found. However, small changes of < 1 kg could hardly be determined due to the oscillations. A time series of raw data measured every 2 s served as basis for improving the averaging method. A moving average from 64 values was computed representing the currently used method, and serving as reference. With this procedure an accuracy of ± 0.38 kg could be reached. Averaging 150 values led to an accuracy of ± 0.28 kg (0.1 mm) for a wind velocity < 5 m s^–1.     

养鸡光照自动控制装置的研制

本文论述采用电子控制技术、研制的补光自动控制装置。该装置解决了由人工控制带来的准确性差、经济性差的问题     

SIEMENS系统数控铣床对于空间斜面上孔槽的加工应用

针对零件具有空间结构,且加工精度高,不易改变装夹基准的情况下,根据数控铣床的优点,解决现实的加工难题。     

气磁轴承主轴系统误差补偿技术的研究

误差补偿技术是提高精密机床主轴回转精度的有效途径.分析了气磁轴承主轴系统的回转误差和误差分离方法的原理,并对主轴的主动控制进行了方案设计.