农业科技区域精准传播策略研究——以福建省农科院农业科技区域传播为例

中国各区域的自然、农作物生长等条件的差异较大,生产结构呈多元化,农业科技传播的内容要与每个区域农村的生产实际都相适应还存在着一定的难度。研究农业科技区域精准传播策略的目的是探索如何能使农业科技传播内容、途径与当地农村生产实际相适应。本研究应用区域传播学理论,从农业科技区域传播的规律出发,以"福建省农业科学院农业科技区域传播"的成功案例为启示,提出以区域环境为坐标划分传播区域,根据传播区域的差异特征来制定传播的方式和内容,以及促进区域传播与区域环境良性互动的对策与建议。     

精密光机系统多敏感轴装配精度分析与装配工艺优化

精密光机系统是对地、空、海探测与制导装备中的核心部件,其光轴、惯导轴、机械轴等多敏感轴的精密装配是影响系统最终性能的关键环节之一.以某型装备为研究对象,通过分析该类精密光机系统的装配特点,将多敏感轴的精密装配问题转换为舱体对接时的角偏问题,并进行了阐述和定义;在此基础上,建立了多敏感轴装配过程的角偏误差累积模型,并推导...     

The occurrence of reflexes and reactions in cattle following stunning with a captive bolt at the slaughterhouse

The difference in the frequency of the occurrence of reflexes/reactions in 355 cows (average weight 505.5 ± 7.9 kg) and 262 bulls (average weight 735.6 ± 8.4 kg) following stunning with a Matador SS 3,000 B trigger‐activated captive bolt gun (Termet) was determined. The stun shot more than 2 cm from the ideal position was found in 79.6% of animals. Vocalization, corneal reflex, rhythmic breathing, blinking, eyeball rotation and the absence of tongue protrusion occurred more frequently in bulls (p < .05). Spontaneous limb movements and nystagmus occurred more frequently in cows (p < .05). No difference between bulls and cows was determined in the occurrence of a response to painful stimuli or attempts to regain normal posture. No dependency was determined between the frequency of the occurrence of a reflex/reaction and the distance of the stun shot from the ideal point on the skull for any of the monitored signs. This study shows that the occurrence of reflexes/reactions following the stunning of cattle with a captive bolt is not only dependent on the position of the shot if placed within a 9 cm radius from the ideal point on the cattle skull.     

猪主要经济性状的基因组选择研究

旨在系统比较GBLUP、SSGBLUP、BayesA、BayesB、BayesC、BayesLASSO、BSLMM和BayesR等8种方法对猪重要经济性状基因组选择的准确性。本研究以本实验室收集的2 585头大白猪达100kg日龄、达100kg背膘厚和母猪乳头数3个性状为分析对象,结合猪50K基因芯片分型数据,以加性模型为基础,利用5倍交叉验证比较8种方法的基因组选择准确性。研究发现,基因组选择的准确性与不同性状估计遗传力呈正相关。交叉验证结果表明,预测准确性最高的性状为达100kg日龄,但不同方法在不同性状中表现并不完全相同,在达100kg日龄和达100kg背膘厚中SSGBLUP基因组预测准确性均为最高,而在母猪乳头数中BayesA的基因组预测准确性最高。综上表明,对小样本开展基因组预测时,中、高等遗传力性状可以选择SSGBLUP方法,低等遗传力性状可以选择BayesA方法。如何优化和选择一种广泛适用于所有性状的方法,可能是未来研究的方向。     

基于不同地表曲面模型预测土壤有机碳含量

Local terrain attributes,which are derived directly from the digital elevation model,have been widely applied in digital soil mapping.This study aimed to evaluate the mapping accuracy of soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration in 2 zones of the Heihe River in China,by combining prediction methods with local terrain attributes derived from different polynomial models.The prediction accuracy was used as a benchmark for those who may be more concerned with how accurately the variability of soil properties is modeled in practice,rather than how morphometric variables and their geomorphologic interpretations are understood and calculated.In this study,2 neighborhood types (square and circular) and 6 representative algorithms (Evans-Young,Horn,Zevenbergen-Thorne,Shary,Shi,and Florinsky algorithms) were applied.In general,35 combinations of first-and second-order derivatives were produced as candidate predictors for soil mapping using two mapping methods (i.e.,kriging with an external drift and geographically weighted regression).The results showed that appropriate local terrain attribute algorithms could better capture the spatial variation of SOC concentration in a region where soil properties are strongly influenced by the topography.Among the different combinations of first-and second-order derivatives used,there was a best combination with a more accurate estimate.For different prediction methods,the relative improvement in the two zones varied between 0.30％ and 9.68％.The SOC maps resulting from the higher-order algorithms (Zevenbergen-Thorne and Florinsky) yielded less interpolation errors.Therefore,it was concluded that the performance of predictive methods,which incorporated auxiliary variables,could be improved by attempting different terrain analysis algorithms.     

采谱方式对竹材气干密度近红外预测模型精度的影响

该文对近红外光谱技术结合化学计量学分析方法快速预测毛竹材气干密度的可行性进行了研究,重点探讨不同采谱方式对所建模型预测精度的影响.为了便于对比,建模过程中光谱数据未经过任何预处理.结果表明,采谱方式影响着模型的预测精度.从竹材横切面采谱所建模型的预测精度最高,内表面（靠近竹黄面）居中,外表面（靠近竹青面）最差.但如果对竹材内外表面的光谱求平均后建模,则可以显著提高模型的预测精度.随后选择最优模型对随机抽取、未参与建模的30个未知样品的密度进行了预测,预测值与测量值的 相关性高,表明近红外光谱技术可以快速、准确地预测竹材的气干密度.      

基于高分辨率影像的农村宅基地空间分布信息提取

【目的】 基于高分辨率影像提取农村宅基地空间分布,可以快速、便捷获取农村宅基地空间分布信息。【方法】 文章选择黑龙江省安达市吉星岗镇作为研究区,基于高分辨率正射影像,采用人工目视解译方法获取了研究区农村宅基地空间分布信息,并利用房地一体农村宅基地和集体建设用地使用权确权登记颁证工作成果对其精度进行了验证。【结果】 （1）吉星岗镇共有宅基地5 897宗,总面积640.76 hm²,平均每宗宅基地面积为1 095.61 m²。（2）吉星岗镇宅基地在空间上总体分布零散,但在行政村内分布相对紧凑,基本上以自然屯为单元,集中分布在自然屯内某个区域。（3）吉星岗镇宅基地数量和面积总体精度分别为81.86%、91.87%,10个行政村宅基地数量精度在72.55%～88.47%之间,面积精度在82.94%～99.92%之间。（4）与实测法、倾斜摄影测绘法、勘丈测绘法等方法相比,基于高分辨率正射影像,采用人工目视解译方法获取宅基地空间信息,操作简单、成本低、工作周期短。【结论】 该文成果可为研究区农村宅基地改革和管理提供数据支撑,该方法为获取农村宅基地空间信息的方式提供了参考。     

大空间运动3-RRRU并联机器人运动学标定与误差分析

并联机器人具有高速、高刚度和大负载等明显优势,被广泛应用到农业和工业领域,但多关节导致该类机器人控制精度不高。针对大空间运动3-RRRU并联机器人的运动学建模和误差标定方法展开了系统、深入研究。综合应用DH法和空间矢量法建立了机器人的运动学模型,在此基础上,借助偏微分理论推导并建立机器人的误差模型;应用激光跟踪仪进行不同轨迹下机器人的空间位置数据采集,对一般遗传算法进行改进,以等步距搜索策略实现主要遗传算子的优化,并通过全局数值寻优获取机器人的误差补偿数据,完成标定和补偿工作。实验表明：基于直线标定方式,补偿后直线轨迹跟踪误差控制在0.14～1.34mm,但不适用于曲线轨迹补偿,其实测补偿后的最大误差高达5.08mm。曲线轨迹标定精度高于直线轨迹标定,补偿后将直线和曲线两种路径下的最大误差分别降低至1.18mm和1.56mm。该标定方法自动化程度高,适用于含有大量关节并联机器人的误差标定工作。     

Comparison of genetic improvement for litter size at birth by direct and indirect selection in swine herd

Responses to selection for number of piglets born alive (NBA) by the total number of piglets born (TNB), the NBA, and the NBA plus number of piglets born dead (NBD) were compared using the accuracy of selection and expected genetic gain calculated from the selection index with family information and the real response to selection, using data generated by Monte Carlo computer simulation. The accuracy of selection for NBA selected by TNB was higher than that by NBA only if the genetic correlation between TNB and NBA was close to 1.0, or the value of heritability for the TNB was much larger than that for the NBA. The accuracy of selection for the NBA selected by the combination of the TNB and the NBA was generally highest in the three selection methods in each family structure. Selection by the TNB resulted in the greatest expected genetic gain for the TNB among the selection methods. In the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) selection, the genetic gain for the NBA accumulated by the NBA tended to be similar to that accumulated by the combination of the NBA and the NBD, and both genetic gains at generation 10 were significantly larger than that by the TNB (P < 0.001). The accumulated responses selected by the two‐trait animal model BLUP estimated from genetic parameters with errors were similar to those estimated from the true parameters, and there was no significant difference between them. These results indicate that selection by the NBA or by the NBA and the NBD gives more genetic improvement in the NBA than that by the TNB.