A new method for evaluating symplastic cadmium absorption in the roots of Solanum melongena using enriched isotopes 113Cd and 114Cd

Radioisotope techniques are well known as methods for evaluating symplastic ion absorption in roots. In the present study, a new method for evaluating symplastic cadmium (Cd) absorption in plant roots was developed using the enriched isotopes ¹¹³Cd and ¹¹⁴Cd. Seedlings of Solanum melongena were exposed to an enriched isotope solution of ¹¹³Cd at 25°C for 30 min. The roots were excised from each seedling and were then immersed in a cold buffer solution without Cd at 2°C for 120 min to suppress the metabolic activity of the roots. Finally, the roots were treated with a cold buffer solution containing enriched stable isotope ¹¹⁴Cd at 2°C for 120 min, whereby the apoplastically bound ¹¹³Cd was desorbed. We tested the validity of our method for evaluating symplastic Cd in roots compared with the conventional method based on differences in the amount of Cd absorbed at 2°C and 25°C using unlabeled Cd. There was no difference in the symplastic Cd content of the roots between the two methods. These results indicate that it is possible to evaluate the symplastic Cd content in roots using the enriched isotopes ¹¹³Cd and ¹¹⁴Cd.     

甘薯矿质元素吸收与分配特性研究

在大田条件下,研究了甘薯品种北京553不同时期不同器官干物质的积累与分配规律,并分析其中各矿质元素含量的变化情况。结果表明,甘薯干物质前期积累少,中后期快速积累,并逐渐由地上部转移至块根中。各矿质元素在甘薯不同器官的积累量随植株生长而增加,但分配率不同,前期各元素集中于地上部,中后期逐渐转移至块根中。甘薯一生吸收最多的元素是氮、钾和钙,其中氮和钙主要在前中期积累且分布在地上部,钾则主要在中后期积累且分布于块根。微量元素中,甘薯对铁的需求较大,主要时期是生长中期并多分布于地上部。单位产量的需肥规律与矿质元素的吸收规律一致,可以根据需肥规律来指导生产,合理施肥。     

不同施氮水平对加工番茄养分吸收、分配及产量的影响

根据供试土壤的养分状况,通过2年不同施氮水平的田间小区试验,2007年设施N 0、135、270、405 kg/hm2四个水平,2008年设施N0、150、300、450 kg/hm2四个水平,在加工番茄的主要生育期,测定植株生物量和不同器官氮、磷、钾含量,并结合成熟期产量,研究不同施氮水平对加工番茄养分吸收、分配及产量的影响。结果表明,加工番茄对氮、钾需求量远大于磷;加工番茄干物质及氮、磷、钾养分的积累动态均呈"S"型增长;施氮可以极大地促进加工番茄植株对氮、磷、钾的吸收,各施氮处理比不施氮处理多吸收氮75.8%～189.2%,多吸收磷49.4%～162.7%,多吸收钾60.7%～176.8%;在一定的施氮范围内,吸收氮、磷、钾的量随施氮量增加而增加;植株吸收的养分最终50%以上都聚集在果实中;在施用磷、钾肥的基础上合理施用氮肥可以显著提高加工番茄的经济产量,2007和2008年增产分别达43.8%和114.3%;过量施氮可造成加工番茄贪青晚熟,但可以通过后期合理增施氮肥,作为解决加工番茄采收期短、加工紧张问题的一个辅助措施。     

毛乌素沙地4种典型植物叶片凝结水吸收能力及其水分生理响应

[目的]明确毛乌素沙地4种典型植物沙蓬、软毛虫实、刺藜和苦豆子的叶片凝结水吸收能力,阐明植物叶片对凝结水浸润的水分生理响应.[方法]将受试植物置于用高丰度氘水配置的人工标记凝结水环境中,进行凝结水浸润处理,通过比较处理组和对照组植物叶水、根水及根际土壤水的稳定氢同位素丰度变化,确定受试植物叶片是否具有吸水能力,示踪叶片...     

细胞转化牛膝的质量分析

本研究用薄层扫描法和原子吸收分光光度法对细胞转化牛膝和天然怀牛膝进行了齐墩果酸和微量元素分析。结果表明，与天然怀牛膝相比，细胞转化牛膝的齐墩果酸含量略低(1．43％)，钙、镁、铜、铁、锌含量明显偏低，而锰含量偏高。     

原子吸收分光光度法测定人发痕量镉的研究

以硝酸—高氯酸为消化液,消解人发试样,采用碘化钾—甲基异丁酮萃取发样中的镉,采用原子吸收分光光度法,将有机相喷雾测定。并且对直接法、标准加入法和原子吸收分光光度法进行了比较。本测定方法 C? V小于 3.1%,标准加入回收率在 95.6%～103.2%之间,结果可靠,适用于人发中痕量镉的测定。     

不同小麦品种对土壤重金属镉吸收能力初探

In order to select the low accumulation wheat varieties on the soil heavy metal contaminated plots, 14 representative wheat varieties were selected for field experiments in this study. The results showed that with the increase of cadmium concentration in the soil, the cadmium content of different varieties of wheat grains was also increasing, which had a high risk of planting wheat exceeding the standard. In this experiment, 11 varieties of wheat grain cadmium exceeded the standard, and 3 varieties met the safety standard. When the soil cadmium concentration reached 6.07mg / kg, the increasing trend of cadmium content in the stalk was obvious, indicating that the wheat reduced the transfer of cadmium to the grain, which may be related to the genetic shape of the plant. The stalk transfer coefficient of Xinwheat 26 was the largest and the grain transfer coefficient of Benong 207, indicating that high cadmium stress inhibited cadmium transfer across parts of the crop.     

饱和—非饱和流溶质运移的实验及数值模拟研究

本文在水盐运移实验基础上,正确地采用了考虑土壤不动水体与吸附作用的溶质运移数学模型和以v为因变量的土壤水分数学模型。在非饱和蒸发条件下对各种求解溶质运移方程的数值方法进行了系统比较,采用了适合于本研究特征—饱和—非饱和流的特征—有限元法对灌溉入渗、蒸发和再分配条件下饱和—非饱和土壤溶质运移规律作了较系统的计算机数值模拟与预测研究。     

连续施肥对土壤供肥和水稻吸肥的影响

连续１０ａ不施肥的土壤仍保持一定的基本肥力．水稻从土壤吸收的养分三要素中有相当一部分通过稻茬、稻根自然归还土壤，这是水稻土保持一定养分水平的物质基础．随着生育期的进展，水稻植株的吸肥总量不断提高．施用化肥不但可提高植株三要素的含量，而且也提高植株吸肥总量，化肥配合增施有机肥（如猪粪或稻草）又有进一步增加植株吸肥强度和吸肥容量的效果．土壤中的速效养分含量随着水稻生育期的进展而逐渐减少．增施化肥有提高土壤中有效养分的作用，如再配施有机肥则有进一步提高的趋势．施肥１０ａ对土壤三要素产投比有明显影响．     

沿黄稻区水稻硅素吸收、分配特点研究

在河南沿黄稻区原阳到的潮土上设置田间试验,用Ｈ２ＳＯ４－Ｈ２Ｏ２消煮－重量法测定各生育时期稻株各器官中含硅量,结果表明,水稻分蘖期及叶鞘中含硅量最高;开花以后是吸硅最多的时期其阶段吸硅量随生育时期推移呈指数曲线分布;拔节前大部分硅分配在叶鞘中,拔节后叶片、叶鞘中硅的分配率比较均衡,成熟时以中分配较多