新型抗蒸腾叶面肥对叶片蒸腾速率的影响

在干旱的条件下,蒸腾作用会引起植物大量丢失水分,常常会引起水分亏缺和脱水的伤害.我国黄土半干旱地区是退耕还林、林业生态工程建设的重点地区.由于当地降水相对不足但潜在蒸散力大的特殊气候条件,使人工造林遇到了极大的困难,此时叶面喷施抗蒸腾叶面肥不仅能提供植物生长所需养分,而且还能抑制植物蒸腾作用,提高植物水势,减少植物水分的蒸发量,一定程度上提高植物生存能力.以黄土高原干旱半干旱地区造林主要树种刺槐、白榆、火炬树为主要研究对象,以自制的2种抗蒸腾叶面肥及市场上已推广施用的叶面肥肥效为主要依据,探讨自制肥料在降低植物蒸腾作用方面的效果.并最终得出自制A或自制B、白榆、稀释300～1200倍、土壤绝对含水量为10%～25%时对降低植物蒸腾速率效果最明显.     

外来物种入侵的民事责任构成之探讨

经过许可的有意引种行为和无意引种行为,引种人不需要承担民事责任;此时应当设立国家外来物种入侵防治基金。在未经许可的有意引种行为,适用一般侵权行为的过错归责原则,即适用《侵权责任法》第6条而不适用第65条的规定;基于已建立的国家引种许可证制度和相应的数据库,来认定该未经许可的引种行为具有违法性;在因果关系证明上,原告方只需就责任成立的因果关系进行证明。     

能量天平动圈位移的激光干涉测量研究

为精确测量普朗克常数h,实现能量天平法建立量子质量基准,提出了三轴双频激光外差干涉和折叠式Fabry-Perot(F-P)干涉绝对距离测量相结合的激光干涉测量方法,用于精密测量和定位能量天平装置中沿竖直方向在均匀磁场中运动的互感线圈位移。用三轴双频激光外差干涉精密测量运动线圈的质心位移和姿态,位移测量不确定度为10nm;进而将F-P腔干涉绝对距离测量与外差干涉测量结果进行比对和校准。仿真表明,采用本文方法,当位移测量范围约为30mm时,测量分辨率优于1nm。将该方法运用于真空中线圈位移测量,相对测量不确定度优于1.0×10-9。     

Absolute Structure Determination and Kv1.5 Ion Channel Inhibition Activities of New Debromoaplysiatoxin Analogues

Potassium channel Kv1.5 has been considered a key target for new treatments of atrial tachyarrhythmias, with few side effects. Four new debromoaplysiatoxin analogues with a 6/6/12 fused ring system were isolated from marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya sp. Their planar structures were elucidated by HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR. The absolute configuration of oscillatoxin J (1) was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and the absolute configurations of oscillatoxin K (2), oscillatoxin L (3) and oscillatoxin M (4) were confirmed on the basis of GIAO NMR shift calculation followed by DP4 analysis. The current study confirmed the absolute configuration of the pivotal chiral positions (7S, 9S, 10S, 11R, 12S, 15S, 29R and 30R) at traditional ATXs with 6/12/6 tricyclic ring system. Compound 1, 2 and 4 exhibited blocking activities against Kv1.5 with IC₅₀ values of 2.61 ± 0.91 µM, 3.86 ± 1.03 µM and 3.79 ± 1.01 µM, respectively. However, compound 3 exhibited a minimum effect on Kv1.5 at 10 µM. Furthermore, all of these new debromoaplysiatoxin analogs displayed no apparent activity in a brine shrimp toxicity assay.     

Effects of Space Flight on Expression of Key Proteins in Rice Leaves

As a unique form of abiotic stress, the environmental conditions of outer space are expected to induce changes in plant genomes, proteomes and metabolic pathways. However, the effect of outer space conditions on the overall physiology of plants at the protein level has yet to be reported. To investigate the effects of outer space conditions on the growth- and development-related physiological processes and metabolic pathways of rice different stages, the seeds of rice variety DN423 were sent into orbit for 12.5 d aboard the SJ-10 Returning Satellite, and then the seedlings of both treated and control rice were compared at the three-leaf stage (TLS) and tillering stage (TS). In addition to comparing plant growth and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, seedling proteomes were also compared using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ). Space flight increased TLS plant height by 20%, reduced and increased ROS levels of the TLS and TS seedlings, respectively, and affected the expression of 36 and 323 proteins in TLS and TS leaves, respectively. Furthermore, the functions of the differentially abundant proteins were mainly associated with metabolism, energy, and protein synthesis and degradation. These results suggested that the exposure of seeds to outer space conditions affects the subsequent abundance of key signaling proteins, gene expression, and the processes of protein synthesis and degradation, thereby affecting metabolic processes and promoting adaptation to the abiotic stress of outer space. As such, the present study sheds light on the effects of space flight on plants and contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of extraterrestrial biology.     

南方型紫花苜蓿苗期叶片盐胁迫差异蛋白分析

以南方型紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa ‘Millennium’)30 d苗龄的实生苗为实验材料,分析正常培养和250 mmol/L NaC1处理72 h后叶片中的蛋白表达变化,以期从蛋白质水平上揭示南方型紫花苜蓿适应盐胁迫的分子机制.采用同位素相对标记与绝对定量技术(isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation,iTRAQ)结合双向液相色谱与串联质谱(2-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,2D-LC-MS/MS)定量蛋白质组技术鉴定南方型紫花苜蓿叶片响应盐胁迫的差异表达蛋白,对所获得差异蛋白进行生物信息学分析,筛选出可能的耐盐潜在靶标蛋白.结果表明,共鉴定3 712个定量蛋白,417个表达量有显著差异的蛋白质(变化倍数≥1.2,P≤0.05),其中包含291个表达上调的蛋白,126个表达下调的蛋白.按照基因本体(Gene Ontology,GO)分类体系,对差异蛋白归类分析,揭示其亚细胞定位和分子功能.京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)通路显著性富集于代谢途径、次生代谢产物生物合成、吞噬体、脂肪酸代谢和光合作用等(P＜0.05,错误发现率(false discovery rate,FDR)＜0.05).成功鉴定的差异蛋白分别涉及到光合作用(7％)、信号传递(3％)、防御(2％)、碳水化合物代谢(11％)、氨基酸代谢(7％)、脂类代谢(5％)、其它代谢(7％)、蛋白质合成、加工与降解(18％)、细胞结构、分裂和细胞骨架(3％)、抗氧化物(6％)、能量产生与转运(7％)、膜和胞内运输(7％)及未知功能蛋白类(16％).差异表达蛋白中与抗氧化物、能量产生与转运、防御和信号传递及代谢等相关的蛋白表达量总体上调,而与蛋白质合成、加工与降解和光合途径相关蛋白表达量总体下调.研究发现,细胞色素P450、PSⅡ放氧增强蛋白、磷脂酰肌醇特异性磷脂酶C、果糖-1,6-二磷酸醛缩酶、甘露糖-6-磷酸还原酶、海藻糖-6-磷酸合酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶、E3泛素连接酶和H+-ATP酶C亚基蛋白等可能是紫花苜蓿耐盐潜在靶标蛋白.采用iTRAQ结合2D-LC-MS/MS技术,能有效地筛选出南方型紫花苜蓿叶片响应盐胁迫差异表达蛋白,这些差异表达蛋白可能在紫花苜蓿耐盐调控过程中发挥重要作用,该研究为深入认识紫花苜蓿盐胁迫的应答分子调控机制提供理论依据.     

求解质心运动守恒问题的相对坐标法

对于质心运动守恒问题，理论力学教材中一般用绝对坐标法进行计算。本文提出了一种用相对坐标法求解的计算公式，并举例对用绝对坐标法和相对坐标法解题进行了比较，显示了用相对坐标法解题的简便性     

水稻不同生育期叶绿素含量的测定及其相关性分析

监测水稻各生育期叶片中叶绿素含量对植株氮素营养状况的跟踪和农业生产科学施肥具有重要的指导作用。选用我国南方水稻区栽培常用的早、晚稻品种各3个品种(系),在水稻主要生育期(苗期、分蘖期、拔节期、孕穗期、抽穗期、灌浆期、蜡熟期、完熟期)分别采用活体法和离体法进行了剑叶叶绿素含量的测定,并对各生育期叶绿素含量的关系进行分析。研究表明,2种测定方法对水稻叶绿素含量的测定值在不同时期均呈现不同的差异,离体法测定的叶绿素含量及活体法测定的叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)最高值均分布在抽穗期、灌浆期,即生殖生长与营养生长交替时期;最低值出现在苗期、分蘖期。通过对早稻进行水稻叶绿素含量与SPAD值进行相关性分析,金优974的R2=0.832 7**,湘早籼31号的R2=0.838 6**,沈农606的R2=0.705 7**,表明SPAD值与叶绿素含量之间的关系存在极显著相关。     

星源通掌上森林调查仪面积测量精度研究

Xingyuangtong handhold forest inventory instrument is a microcomputer-based Hi-tech product integrating remote sensing, mobile GIS and GPS, which is developed by 3S research center of Shenzhen Polytechnic. It can be used in forest resource inventory, area calculation on map, area survey on the spot, compartment and sub-compartment mapping and editing based on remote sensing images or scanned relief maps, interactive query and amendment between graphics and its attributes,etc. On the basis of theory analysis of area survey principle, the practical area survey precision of nine different-sized plots in different period of time and under different interfered conditions is analyzed in order to study the possible precision of area survey on the spot by using this product. It is demonstrated that Xinyuantong handhold forest resource inventory instrument can meet the precision needs of returning the grain plots to forestry, acceptance check of forestation land, area survey of compartment and subcompartment, etc. This product can be widely used in forest resource inventory.