CET-4非谓语动词类常见题型分析

通过时近十年来ＣＥＴ－４中ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ题型中常见的非谓语动词类试题的列举分析,主要归结了非谓语动词的不同形式在句中的不同语法功能,重点分析了非谓语动词作宾语、状语、独立结构及其常见题型,对于备考ＣＥＴ－４及其它各类测试和教学有一定裨益。     

A highly sensitive,non‐invasive qPCR‐based strategy for direct quantification of Yersinia ruckeri in fish faeces

Finfish with asymptomatic Yersinia ruckeri infections pose a major risk as they can transmit the pathogen and cause clinical outbreaks in stock populations. Current tools have insufficient quantitative ability for accurately detecting the trace levels of Y. ruckeri typically associated with asymptomatic infection, necessitate invasive or lethal sampling, or require long processing times. This study presents a highly sensitive qPCR‐based method, targeting part of the Y. ruckeri 16S rRNA sequence, that is capable of detecting extremely low levels of Y. ruckeri in noninvasively collected faecal samples. Quantitative precision and accuracy of faecal sample analysis was consistent, despite the complexity of the faecal matrix. The assay demonstrated linearity over a six log‐wide dynamic range. Its limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 4 and 10 copies of the target sequence, respectively. Sensitivity of the assay was comparable to other qPCR‐based methods without requiring invasive or lethal sampling. Applicability as a screening strategy was tested using passively collected faecal samples. Asymptomatic Y. ruckeri infection was detected in all samples, although none of the fish exhibited overt infection. This method will be beneficial for finfish disease management if developed further as a noninvasive, screening tool against asymptomatic Y. ruckeri infection.     

辅助和正常出壳鸭胚肝脏差异蛋白质组学分析

本研究应用同位素标记相对和绝对定量(isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation,iTRAQ)技术结合质谱鉴定与生物信息学方法,研究鸭(Anas platyrhynchos domestica)胚胎(鸭胚)孵化过程中出现弱胚现象的分子调控机理,筛选辅助出壳鸭胚肝脏组织差异表达的蛋白.结果表明,共鉴定获得136个差异蛋白,与正常出壳组相比,辅助出壳组有76个蛋白表达上调,60个蛋白表达下调.基因本体(Gene Ontology,GO)注释和通路富集分析表明,这些差异蛋白主要与糖代谢、氧气运输、细胞骨架、应激反应以及氧化还原代谢等生物过程相关,其中辅助出壳组糖酵解通路中的4种酶和细胞呼吸通路中的3种酶表达均显著上调(P＜0.05),参与肌动蛋白丝生物过程的7种蛋白也均表达上调,而参与氧气运输的3种血红蛋白和应激保护的3种热休克蛋白表达显著下调(P＜0.05).利用qRT-PCR检测顺乌头酸酶1(cytoplasmic aconitate hydratase 1,ACO1)、醛缩酶B(fructose-bisphosphate aldolase B,ALDOB)、甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶1 (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1,G3P1)和热休克71 kD同源蛋白(heat shock cognate 71 kD protein,HSPA8)4个基因mRNA水平的表达,结果仅ACO1 mRNA和蛋白质水平表达模式一致.结果表明,弱胚可能与糖代谢和呼吸代谢等生物过程变化有关,辅助出壳组能量和代谢率较低.研究结果为更好理解鸭胚孵化过程中出现弱胚现象的分子调控机理提供了蛋白质组学信息.     

我国主要牧区牧业生产效率及影响因素研究——基于DEA-CLAD的两阶段模型

为了解我国牧区牧业生产增长潜力,利用标准化的220个主要牧区牧场数据构建DEA模型和Tobit、CLAD模型,对牧业生产效率及政府培训、合作社、土地流转、气候带、经营方式等影响因素进行了研究。结果表明:1)我国牧区牧业生产技术效率和规模效率总体偏低,提升空间大,在不同气候带和经营模式下分布差异显著;2)经条件矩检验和LM统计量检验发现,传统Tobit模型扰动项的正态性和同方差性假设在一般情况下难以满足,选用CLAD模型分析影响因素更稳健;3)参加政府培训与合作社,优化从业人员年龄结构,提升从业人员学历、专业化程度、远行距离,有助于生产效率的提高。     

iTRAQ技术及其在水稻蛋白质组学中的应用研究进展

同位素标记相对和绝对定量技术(iTRAQ)是一种新型的高通量的蛋白质测序技术,其通过与高精度的质谱仪串联,可同时对多达8个样品进行定性与定量分析,测定蛋白范围广泛、检测限低、分析结果可靠、精度高;目前已广泛应用于植物体的结构、功能、表达等方面的研究。水稻是人类的主要粮食作物,也是首个完成基因组测序的谷类模式植物,在蛋白质组水平上研究水稻的生长发育、调控机制具有重要意义。综述了iTRAQ的原理、操作流程和优缺点,重点就iTRAQ技术在水稻组织器官、亚细胞水平、逆境胁迫、激素诱导、突变体等方面的蛋白质组学研究进行了分析,并对iTRAQ技术在水稻蛋白质组学上的应用研究进行了展望。     

氨苄西林混悬液在鸡体内的药物动力学及其生物利用度研究

作者对10%氨苄西林混悬液在靶动物-鸡体内的药物动力学及生物利用度进行了研究,结果表明,10%氨苄西林混悬液吸收迅速,达峰时间快,约0.89h即达峰值;消除半衰期较短,约2.5h;绝对生物利用度为35.27%,略高于氨苄西林溶液剂的绝对生物利用度(34.30%);氨苄西林混悬液在鸡口服给药后的生物等效性为109.8%。     

安格斯牛体重和体尺性状生长曲线拟合与相关性分析

为充分了解安格斯牛生长发育规律,指导饲养管理和提高品种选育,以安格斯牛为研究对象,通过Logistic、Gompertz和Von Bertalanffy 3种曲线模型对0～18月龄安格斯牛体重和体尺性状进行生长曲线拟合分析,并选出最佳生长曲线模型,利用该模型计算体重和体尺的相对生长(R)和绝对生长(G)情况,并对各性状...     

湿度与棉铃虫发生的关系研究

利用同在半径5 km区域内连续10年的湿度和棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera Hübner)百株卵量的调查资料,分析研究了湿度与棉铃虫发生的关系。结果表明,2月平均绝对湿度和最小绝对湿度均与二代棉铃虫百株卵量呈极显著正相关,11月的定时最小相对湿度与次年二代棉铃虫百株卵量呈显著负相关,11月的月平均绝对湿度和月平均相对湿度与次年二代棉铃虫百株卵量呈极显著负相关,10~12月的5种湿度资料均与次年二代棉铃虫百株卵量呈负相关。建立了5个棉铃虫百株卵量与湿度因子呈显著或极显著相关的回归方程。     

Real‐time PCR detection of Erwinia amylovora on blossoms correlates with subsequent fire blight incidence

Fire blight is the most devastating bacterial disease of rosaceous plants. Forecasting fire blight infections is important to allow for countermeasures that reduce economic damage in pome fruit production. Current computerized forecasting models are solely based on physical factors such as temperature and moisture, but not on the actual presence of the pathogen Erwinia amylovora. Although the inoculum concentration is considered to be crucial for infection and disease outbreak, most current approaches used for identification of fire blight inoculum including morphological, biochemical, serological, and DNA‐based methods are nonquantitative. Based on a real‐time PCR approach previously published, an improved protocol to be used directly on whole bacteria in the field is described. The method allows for early detection and quantification of the pathogen prior to the occurrence of first symptoms. There is a clear correlation between bacterial abundance and subsequent disease development. However, in some cases, no disease symptoms could be observed despite a pathogen load of up to 3·4 × 10⁶ cells per blossom. Integration of the amount of pathogen detected into refined prediction algorithms may allow for the improvement of applied forecasting models, finally permitting a better abatement of fire blight.     

绝对收入、务工成本、社会保障权益对农民工城镇就业的影响———基于新疆605份维族农民工样本的实证分析

从绝对收入、务工成本、社会保障权益3个方面探究维吾尔族农民工有序进城就业问题,以实地调研的605份问卷资料为依据,运用Logistic模型回归分析发现：新疆农村维族外出务工者进城非农就业的意愿强烈,对务工收入非常看重,尽管进城务工成本费用会产生明显的负面影响,但并不会改变他们进城长期务工的意愿,他们最担忧的是进城务工面临的"劳动保险"和"人身安全保障冶问题。