小菜蛾对阿维菌素抗药性的研究进展

小菜蛾是在世界范围内最难防治的害虫之一,小菜蛾对阿维菌素的抗性是目前十字花科蔬菜生产中的突出问题.现主要综述了小菜蛾对阿维菌素抗性现状、交互抗性、抗性机理方面的研究进展,以期对其抗性治理提供参考.     

小菜蛾对高效氯氰菊酯和阿维菌素的抗药性监测

用浸叶法监测了青岛地区2003-2009年小菜蛾对高效氯氰菊酯和阿维菌素的抗药性。结果表明,小菜蛾对高效氯氰菊酯和阿维菌素的抗药性在2007年达到最高,分别为极高抗和中抗水平。2009年,两种农药的抗药性均大幅下降,分别为中抗和低抗水平。     

10％氟虫双酰胺·阿维菌素悬浮剂防治稻纵卷叶螟的效果研究

[目的]探讨10%氟虫双酰胺·阿维菌素悬浮剂对稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果和使用技术。[方法]测定了10%氟虫双酰胺·阿维菌素悬浮剂300、450、600 ml/hm23个施用量对稻纵卷叶螟的田间防治效果。[结果]10%氟虫双酰胺·阿维菌素悬浮剂对稻纵卷叶螟具有较好的防治效果。药后3 d,10%氟虫双酰胺·阿维菌素悬浮剂用药300、450、600 ml/hm2对稻纵卷叶螟幼虫的防治效果分别为94.91%、96.11%和96.84%;药后7 d的防治效果分别为96.45%、99.23%和99.36%;药后14 d对水稻的保叶效果分别为97.97%、98.38%和98.49%。[结论]为该药剂的进一步推广应用及水稻害虫的控制提供了参考。     

Protozoan encephalomyelitis causing pelvic limb paresis in a yearling sheep

A pelvic limb paresis of 6 weeks duration in a yearling sheep resulted from protozoan encephalomyelitis involving the spinal cord at the thoracolumbar junction. An elevated lumbosacral cerebrospinal fluid protein concentration but normal cisternal cerebrospinal fluid protein concentration indicated the presence of a thoracolumbar inflammatory lesion resulting in cord compression which obstructed the rostral flow of the cerebrospinal fluid. Under general anaesthesia, myelography at the lumbo-sacral site demonstrated blockage to the rostral flow of contrast medium at T₁₃L₁. At necropsy, there were no gross pathological changes at T₁₃/L₁, but histopathology revealed non-tract specific lymphocytic perivascular cuffing, axonal swelling and oedema in the spinal cord, characteristic of a protozoa1 encephalomyelitis. No parasites were detected in the multiple spinal cord sections examined but immunocytochemistry identified antigens cross-reactive with Sarcocystis spp. antigens in glial cells in these lesions.     

Characterisation of abamectin resistance in a field‐evolved multiresistant population of Plutella xylostella

BACKGROUND: Plutella xylostella (L.) has evolved resistance to various kinds of insecticide in the field. Reversion and selection, cross‐resistance, inheritance and mechanisms of abamectin resistance were characterised in a field‐derived multiresistant population of P. xylostella from China. RESULTS: Compared with a susceptible Roth strain, the field‐derived TH population showed ～5000‐fold resistance to abamectin. Rapid reversion of abamectin resistance was observed in the TH population when kept without insecticide selection. The TH‐Abm strain, selected from the TH population with abamectin, developed 23 670‐fold resistance to abamectin, a high level of cross‐resistance to emamectin benzoate and low levels of cross‐resistance to spinosad and fipronil. Genetic analyses indicated that abamectin resistance in the TH‐Abm strain was autosomal, incompletely dominant and polygenic. P450 monooxygenase activities in the TH‐Abm strain were significantly elevated compared with the TH strain. Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) inhibited a small part of abamectin resistance in the TH‐Abm strain. CONCLUSION: Field‐evolved high‐level resistance to abamectin in the TH population was not stable. Selection of the TH population with abamectin resulted in an extremely high level of cross‐resistance to emamectin benzoate and low levels of cross‐resistance to spinosad and fipronil. Enhanced oxidative metabolism was involved in, but may not be the major mechanism of, polygenic abamectin resistance in the TH‐Abm strain. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

植物油替代二甲苯配制的甲维盐EC对“上海青”的安全性影响

作者在观察以精制松树油+棕榈油、精制松树油、棕榈油等三种植物油替代二甲苯为溶剂的1%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐EC对“上海青”（Brassica campestris L.）的药害情况的基础上,测定了“上海青”体内蛋白质、氨基酯和叶绿素等营养物质的含量以及对植株株高的影响,以探讨植物油替代二甲苯配制的甲维盐EC对”上海青”的安全性。结果表明,精制松树油+棕榈油、精制松树油两种溶剂配制的甲维盐EC对“上海青”无明显药害;二甲苯、棕榈油两种溶剂配制的甲维盐EC高浓度处理会引发“上海青”药害。二甲苯溶剂配制的甲维盐EC造成“上海青”新叶畸形且不可恢复;棕榈油溶剂配制的甲维盐EC造成“上海青”叶片叶缘枯白、植株萎蔫,但在植株的后续生长中症状消失。植物油溶剂配制的甲维盐EC施用后,高浓度处理会引起“上海青”体内蛋白质含量的明显下降,三种浓度处理均会引起“上海青”体内的氨基酸含量上升,但对“上海青”的叶绿素含量无明显影响。植物油溶剂配制的甲维盐EC施用后对“上海青”的生长无明显影响。     

烟草及土壤中阿维菌素1%颗粒剂高效液相色谱分析方法研究

研究阿维菌素在烟草及土壤中残留分析方法样品经过乙腈提取,用SPE-Alumina-B柱净化,高效液相色谱测定。阿维菌素最小检出量2.1×10~(-9)g,最低检出浓度鲜烟叶中为0.02mg/kg,干烟叶中为0.1mg/kg,土壤中为0.01mg/kg。阿维菌素在鲜烟叶、干烟叶、土壤中的平均回收率分别为79.2%~90.8%、90.2%~92.7%、87.8%~93.6%,标准偏差分别为2.2%~5.1%、0.4%~5.6%、1.2%~8.9%,变异系数分别为2.8%~5.7%、0.4%~6.2%、1.2%~10.2%。该方法操作简便、准确可靠、重复性好、速度快,符合农药残留量的分析与检测要求,适用于实际样品中阿维菌素残留检测     

新化合物天维菌素的杀虫杀螨活性

为明确天维菌素(tenvermectin)的杀虫杀螨活性,分别测定了其对小菜蛾Plutellaxylostella (药膜法)、粘虫Mythimna separate Walker (小叶碟添加法)、棉铃虫Helicoverpaarmigera Hübner (饲料混药法)、松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (浸渍法)和朱砂叶螨Tetranychus cinnabarinus (叶片浸渍法和玻片浸渍法)的室内毒力,并采用叶碟喷雾法测定了其对朱砂叶螨的盆栽药效。结果表明:天维菌素对鳞翅目害虫小菜蛾、粘虫和棉铃虫的LC50值分别为22.21、19.66和22.09 mg/L,对松材线虫的LC50值为1.94 mg/L,毒力显著高于米尔贝霉素(P50值分别为0.0051和0.0089 mg/L。盆栽试验结果表明:0.2 mg/L的天维菌素药后5 d对朱砂叶螨的防效最高,达97.42%;药后7 d,尽管天维菌素与阿维菌素的防治效果均有所下降,但天维菌素不同浓度(0.0125~0.2 mg/L)处理防效仍保持在80.23%~91.96%之间。研究表明,天维菌素对供试的有害生物均具有较高活性,具有研究开发潜力。     

3种药物对黄鳝源胃瘤线虫幼虫的体外杀灭效果

为筛选杀灭胃瘤线虫幼虫的有效药物,应用伊维菌素、阿维菌素和氰戊菊酯药物进行黄鳝源胃瘤线虫幼虫体外杀灭试验。结果显示:浓度2.5×10-3 mg/L伊维菌素,1.5×10-3mg/L阿维菌素,0.42 mg/L氰戊菊酯的体外杀灭胃瘤线虫幼虫的最短时间分别为20 h,(156±16.97)h和(108±16.67)h。2.5×10-3 mg/L伊维菌素可体外杀灭黄鳝胃瘤线虫幼虫。