冬枣极早期幼胚培养成苗技术研究

以胚龄15 ~ 20 d的球形期后期‘冬枣’幼胚为试材,对培养基种类、种皮保留与否、接种方式、生长调节剂种类、水解乳蛋白（LH）和活性炭（AC）用量、蔗糖浓度等影响极早期幼胚培养的诸因素进行了系统研究。结果表明,采用MS + 3.0 mg ? L-1 IAA + 0.5 mg ? L-1 6- BA + 1 g ? L-1 AC + 0.8 g ? L-1 LH + 30 g ? L-1蔗糖的培养基,去除种皮后将带有胚乳的幼胚合点端接入培养基,在21 ℃下进行培养,胚萌发率和正常胚比率最高可分别达到93%和84%。萌发后的幼胚在MS + IBA 0.4 mg ? L-1的培养基中继续培养,生根率可达40%。其中,去除种皮带胚乳培养和幼胚合点端朝下接种对极早期幼胚的培养至关重要。     

不同生长年限敖汉苜蓿草地土壤呼吸研究

使用便携式土壤呼吸测定仪测定农牧交错带1年、2年和4年生敖汉苜蓿人工草地的土壤呼吸,并同步测定0～5 cm土层的温度和含水量.结果表明:敖汉苜蓿草地土壤呼吸的日最高值出现在14:00-18:oo,夜间最高值出现在4:00-6:00,全天最低值出现在10:00左右;不同生长年限敖汉苜蓿草地的土壤呼吸速率,总体变化趋势是4年生>2年生>1年生;土壤呼吸与土层温度呈显著的指数增长关系,且相关性高于土壤呼吸速率与土壤含水量的相关性;5 cm土层的地温和土壤含水量较土壤温度或空气湿度能更好地解释土壤呼吸的变化.     

The Relation Between Endogenous Hormones and Late-Germination in Buds of Avrolles Apple

In order to provide the physiological bases for selecting late-germination cultivars that can avoid late frost damage, the very late-germination variety Avrolles （Malus domestica） was used to study the relation between the dynamic changes and balance of endogenous hormones and germination time. The concentrations of endogenous GA3, ABA, IAA, and ZR were determined in buds of Avrolles and Judeline （Malus domestica） from dormancy releasing to germination by capillary electrophoresis. The dynamic changes of endogenous hormones concentration in buds of Avrolles and Judeline were similar; but the magnitude and time of the change were significantly different between the two varieties, especially for GA3. GA3 concentration increased with dormancy releasing, then decreased, and increased again before germination in the two varieties. GA3 concentration in Avrolles was 1.72 times that in Judeline at the first peak, the gap increased to 2.22 times at germination. ZR concentration exhibited a continuous increase trend, but it decreased sharply before germination. ZR accumulation in Avrolles took 36 days longer than in Judeline, the peak value was 44% higher than in Judeline. Before germination, ZR concentration in Avrolles was 2.12 times that in Judeline. The differences between IAA and ABA concentration were relatively small in the two varieties, while the ratios of GA3/ABA and （GA3 ＋ IAA ＋ ZR）/ABA in Avrolles were 2.08 and 1.58 times those in Judeline, respectively. The germination of apple bud was regulated by the endogenous hormones. For the late-germination apple Avrolles, its germination requires higher concentration of GA3 and ZR, which leads to the high ratios of GA3/ABA and （GA3＋ IAA＋ ZR）/ABA.     

毛竹经营管理的研究进展

综述毛竹 ( Phyllostachys heterocycla cv.pubescens)在经营管理方面的进展 ,包括栽培类型、经营模式、林分结构 (立竹度、年龄结构、树种组成、鞭系结构等 )、土壤管理、施肥、综合改制及采伐技术等     

授粉对度尾文旦柚果皮相关酶活性的影响

研究了利用度柚6号、琯溪蜜柚授粉处理对度尾文旦柚果实发育后期果皮多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)、纤维素酶(CX)及苯丙氨酸裂解酶(PAL)活性的影响。结果表明:授粉处理后,度尾文旦柚果实发育后期PG活性呈上升趋势;CX活性呈下降趋势;PAL活性呈先上升后下降的趋势。     

山西主要栽培枣品种耐藏性研究

在０±１℃条件下,采用厚度为０．０６ｍｍ、规格为２５０×１５０ｍｍ的聚乙烯小袋,袋口用大头针别住,以减少水分散失但通气良好的方法,对山西的９个主要枣品种在贮藏２１天、４９天和６４天后的好果率及软烂指数进行了比较研究,结果表明,即使贮藏天数仅为２１天,榆次团枣、平陆尖枣、梨枣的好果率也分别为２１．４％、４４．５％和４７．１％,软烂指数达０．４３７、０．２４４和０．２６６,是不耐藏品种,其余６个品种的好果率在８４—９６％;贮藏到４９天时。该６个品种的好果率仍在８０—９３％,贮藏至６４天时,无论不耐藏的３个品种和较耐藏的６个品种,彼此间在好果率,软烂指数方面的差值均变大,在９个供试品种中,以蛤蟆枣最耐贮藏,好果率８８％,软烂指数０．０４４,榆次团枣最不耐藏、好果率０。软烂指数０．７０７。     

土壤干旱胁迫对紫叶小檗和小叶黄杨光合生理特性的影响

[目的]研究紫叶小檗和小叶黄杨在不同土壤水分胁迫下的光合生理特性。[方法]在盆栽试验中,将土壤相对含水量设90%~95%、60%~65%、40%~45%和20%~25%4个梯度,分别为对照、轻度、中度和重度干旱胁迫处理,干旱胁迫后第10天测定2种植物的叶绿素荧光和光合作用参数。[结果]随着水分胁迫的加重,2种植物主要光合参数Pn、Tr、Gs逐渐降低;WUE先升后降,紫叶小檗在轻度水分胁迫时WUE最高,小叶黄杨在中度水分胁迫时WUE最高;两植物叶绿素荧光参数Fo升高,Fm、Fv、Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo降低,其中紫叶小檗的变幅均大于小叶黄杨。[结论]水分胁迫对紫叶小檗和小叶黄杨的光合生理特性产生较大影响,但二者变化幅度有差异,紫叶小檗对土壤水分胁迫更为敏感,小叶黄杨的抗干旱能力明显大于紫叶小檗。     

冬枣黑斑病发生规律的研究

报道了山东省近年来发生的一种新病害-冬枣黑斑病。该病在山东境内冬枣栽培区均有分布,主要危害叶片和果实,一般病果率在30％左右,感病重的枣园达80％以上;病原茵以茵丝在枣树牙鳞和皮痕内越冬,可通过伤口和自然孔口侵入,25℃下潜育期7天左右;7月下旬、8月上旬为发病盛期;病害的发生与气候、树龄、枣园种植结构、昆虫危害等因子密切相关。     

枣授粉受精及胚胎发育研究

The processes about pollination, fertilization and embryo development of Chinese Date ‘Wu-he-zao‘ (ziziphus jujuba) were observed by means of lightmicrocope combining histochemical dyeing and fluorescent technique. The results were summarized as follows:The pollen grains germinated on the stigma at the 4th hour after pollination. On the 5th day after pollination,the primary endosperm nucleus formed, and the zygote formed on the 6th day. The double fertilization of Wu-he-zao was the type premitotic syngamy. The first division of the zygote took place after a dormancy for about 6 - 7 days. The proembryonal development of Wu-he-zao belonged to the Solanad type. The development of the endosperm belonged to the nuclear type.     

竹缺爪螨实验种群生命表的研究

在25℃温度条件下，用黄金间碧竹（Bambusa vulgaris cv.vittata)叶饲养竹缺爪螨（Aponychus corpuzae Rimando)，应用生存分析理论和多维矩阵模型组建竹缺爪螨种群生命表，计算得种群主要参数为：内禀增长率rm＝0．0811，净增殖率R0＝5．8368，平均世代长度T＝21．7532d，周限增长率λ=1.0845/d；并分析了种群在不同年龄的生命状态，各发育期重叠情况以及稳定的年龄一阶段分布；最后讨论了应用这2种方法组建螨类生命表的优点。