壳聚糖涂膜对蒲菜采后生理及品质的影响

在蒲菜贮藏过程中,通过评价其外观品质及测定其失重率、腐烂指数、维生素C含量、纤维素含量和多酚氧化酶活性等指标,研究壳聚糖涂膜对蒲菜采后生理和品质的影响。结果表明:蒲菜在采后前20d维生素C含量迅速下降,失重率和纤维素含量上升较快,10d后腐烂迅速增加,而多酚氧化酶活性呈“低-高-低”变化。壳聚糖涂膜能抑制蒲菜储藏期间的蒸腾失水和多酚氧化酶活性,保持较低的纤维素含量和较高的维生素C含量,从而延缓蒲菜的衰老与品质下降,延长储藏寿命,达到保鲜目的。     

3种黑酸枝木材细胞形态特征比较

以阔叶黄檀、东非黑黄檀和刀状黑黄檀3种黑酸枝类木材为研究对象，测定分析试材各类细胞的形态特征和几何参数。结果表明，三者导管细胞长宽比差异不显著，细胞腔大壁薄，木纤维细胞腔小壁厚，东非黑黄檀、刀状黑黄檀长宽比分别为50.67、48.84,远大于阔叶黄檀的38.28;壁腔比刀状黑黄檀最大80.63%,阔叶黄檀次之，75.39%,东非黑黄檀最小，53.09%。木射线横卧细胞，刀状黑黄檀长、宽、高均最大，阔叶黄檀长度最小，东非黑黄檀宽度和高度最小；长宽比东非黑黄檀最大7.92,阔叶黄檀次之5.74,刀状黑黄檀最小5.17。轴向薄壁细胞，刀状黑黄檀长度最大，宽度最小，阔叶黄檀和东非黑黄檀长、宽差异不大；长宽比刀状黑黄檀最大6.36,阔叶黄檀次之4.43,东非黑黄檀最小4.11。阔叶黄檀的结晶细胞含量很少，东非黑黄檀仅偶见结晶细胞，刀状黑黄檀含大量分室含晶细胞；结晶颗粒数量为：刀状黑黄檀>阔叶黄檀>东非黑黄檀。通过对比分析黑酸枝类木材的细胞形态特征，为识别、鉴定此类黑酸枝木材提供参考。     

茭白叶黑斑病的病原鉴定和防治药剂筛选

In recent years, in addition to brown spot disease, leaf black spot has occurred frequently and seriously affected the yield and quality in the production areas of Zizania latifolia in China. In order to identify the pathogen, diseased samples were collected from Lu'an, Suzhou, Tongxiang, Yuhang, Yuyao, Jinhua, Shengzhou. Finally, 90 fungal strains were obtained by tissue isolation method, in which 25 strains causing black spot disease of Z. latifolia was identified as Nigrospora oryzae by morphological observation, multiple sequence alignment analysis and pathogenicity test. Toxicity test of 12 fungicides commonly used in fields was carried out in laboratory conditions. The results showed that the effect of 250 g·L^-1 prochloraz EC was best, with the EC₅₀ of 0.002 mg·L^-1; followed by 30% Pyraclostrobin SC and 60% Difenoconazole WG, with the EC₅₀ of 0.056 and 0.057 mg·L^-1, respectively. Combined with the inhibitory effect of the 12 fungicides on Ustilago esculenta, 250 g·L^-1 prochloraz EC was the best choice as a control agent. This study provided scientific basis for the identification and control of leaf black spot of Z. latifolia.