Genetic parameters of greenhouse growth and performance of 2‐year pinus contorts subsp. latifolia

Stand differentiation, heritabilities and genetic correlations in 16 growth, bud and branch traits in Pinus contorta subsp. latifolia were studied for two growth periods in the greenhouse. Data for analyses were based on 116. open‐pollinated families from 33 stands in one breeding region in central Alberta, Canada. Family effect was significant at the 1% level of probability for all traits. The narrow‐sense heritabilities (h²) from 0.43 + 0.09 to 0.71 + 0.12 for traits of absolute height and diameter were the highest reported for growth traits in this conifer. In contrast, h² varied between 0.15±0.06 and 0.33 ± 0.08 for bud, branch and growth increment traits. Except for relative branch length, all traits showed convariation with the other traits. Levels of heritability and genetic correlation suggest that selection procedures that exploit additive genetic variance and covariance might be practised, provided there would be high juvenile‐mature correlation for this sample of P. contorta subsp. latifolia.     

茭白碳水化合物积累与分配特性研究

 以茭白品种‘蒋墅茭’和‘葑红早’为试材的研究表明: 在肉质茎膨大之前, 植株茎蘖各部位的总糖、还原糖、淀粉积累量持续上升, 短缩茎中积累量最高; 肉质茎膨大开始时, 各部位碳水化合物积累量下降, 以短缩茎的下降量最大, 认为膨大前叶片的光合产物在短缩茎和叶片中积累以短缩茎为主,植株积累的碳水化合物主要以淀粉形式存在。孕茭前¹⁴C 同化物在短缩茎的分配率较大, 上位叶片、叶鞘也有较多积累, 肉质茎膨大过程中, 大量的¹⁴C 同化物在肉质茎中积累。饲喂叶片光合产物除供应自身茎蘖外, 还向植株其它各部位输送。     

广叶绣球菌溶血素基因的序列分析及表达动态

通过转录组测序获得了一个广叶绣球菌(Sparassis latifolia)编码的溶血素基因(latifolysin),进行生物信息学分析,并利用实时定量PCR分析溶血素基因表达水平,采用同位素标记相对和绝对定量(isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification,iTRAQ)标记结合二维液相色谱串联质谱鉴定分析溶血素表达差异.结果表明latifolysin基因全长为399 bp,编码133个氨基酸.保守功能域搜索显示latifolysin具有与杨树菇溶血素(aegerolysins)蛋白家族相同的结构域和功能位点,两者序列相似性40％.杨树菇溶血素家族蛋白在真菌中呈不连续性分布.系统进化树结果显示绣球菌溶血素隶属于担子菌类群,与草菇(Volvariellavolvacea)遗传关系较近.实时定量PCR和蛋白定量结果表明,latifolysin和绣球菌溶血素在广叶绣球菌幼菇期表达量最高,且显著高于菌丝体中表达水平.     

阔叶丰花草水浸提液对5种作物的化感作用

采用室内生物测定方法研究不同浓度的阔叶丰花草水浸提液对5种作物(西瓜、水稻、萝卜、辣椒和番茄)种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感影响.结果表明:不同浓度的阔叶丰花草水浸提液对5种作物种子的发芽率、幼苗茎长和根长均有较强的化感作用,并且随着浸提液浓度的升高,化感效应明显增强.当浸提液浓度为0.05 g/mL时,5种受体作物的化感综合效应强弱顺序为西瓜＞萝卜＞水稻＞番茄＞辣椒.其根部比茎部的化感作用更敏感,受到的抑制作用更强,但对辣椒和番茄的茎表现出了一定的促进作用.     

离子色谱法测定茭白中总亚硫酸盐的应用研究

以茭白为研究对象,建立了基于离子色谱法的茭白中总亚硫酸盐的检测方法。试验确定了离子色谱测定条件,经样品前处理条件优化,实现对茭白中总亚硫酸盐的定性和定量分析,并与国标蒸馏法进行了对比测定试验。结果表明：利用本研究所提出的方法检测,二氧化硫标准溶液在0.1～10.0 mg·L-1范围内线性良好,不同浓度添加回收试验所得茭白样品回收率为86.1%～91.7%。该方法的精密度（RSD）为2.9%～4.2%,样品定量限为1.0 mg·kg-1。     

Comparison of litter decomposition in a natural versus coal‐slurry pond reclaimed as a wetland

Decomposition is a key function in reclaimed wetlands, and changes in its rate have ramifications for organic‐matter accumulation, nutrient cycling, and production. The purpose of this study was to compare leaf litter decomposition rates in coal‐slurry ponds vs. natural wetlands on natural floodplain wetlands in Illinois, USA. The rate of decomposition was slower in the natural wetland vs. the coal pond (k = 0·0043 ± 0·0008 vs. 0·0066 ± 0·0011, respectively); the soil of the natural wetland was more acidic than the coal pond in this study (pH = 5·3 vs. 7·9, respectively). Similarly, higher organic matter levels were related to lower pH levels, and organic matter levels were seven‐times higher in the natural wetland than in the coal pond. The coal slurry pond was five years old at the time of the study, while the natural oxbow wetland was older (more than 550 years). The coal‐slurry pond was originally a floodplain wetland (slough); the downstream end was blocked with a stoplog structure and the oxbow filled with slurry. The pattern of decomposition for all species in the coal pond was the same as in the natural pond; Potomogeton nodosus decomposed more quickly than Phragmites australis, and both of these species decomposed more quickly than either Typha latifolia or Cyperus erythrorhizos (k = 0·0121±0·0008, 0·0051 ± 0·0006, 0·0024 ± 0·0001, 0·0024 ± 0·0004, respectively). Depending on how open or closed the system is to outside inputs, decomposition rate regulates other functions such as production, nutrient cycling, organic‐layer accumulation in the soil, and the timing and nature of delivery of detritus to the food chain. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

景宁县茭白二化螟性诱剂应用于测报的技术探讨

对浙江景宁县茭白二化螟的发生情况及应用性诱剂进行测报研究,结果表明,二化螟性诱剂具有较强的诱蛾能力,其诱蛾量与测报灯的诱蛾效果相当或略高,且诱蛾量受环境影响较小;诱测结果能够反映出二化螟在1年中发生的实际情况,可在实际测报中应用.性诱、灯诱、田间虫量剥查结合,将明显提高茭白二化螟监测预报水平.     

阔叶丰花草与果园几种常见杂草的生理生态特性比较

【目的】阔叶丰花草是华南地区果园生草的适宜植物,明确阔叶丰花草与果园几种常见杂草的生理生态特性。【方法】比较阔叶丰花草与常见杂草藿香蓟、白花鬼针草和牛筋草之间种子形态及发芽特征、根系特征、光合特征以及对草甘膦敏感性的差异。【结果】阔叶丰花草种子千粒质量为藿香蓟、白花鬼针草和牛筋草的1.8～25.8倍,同时阔叶丰花草的种子发芽率也较高,幼苗生长速度也较快。阔叶丰花草植株的根冠比比其他3种草低70.1%～79.3%,但在其根系中,直径为0～0.5 mm的细根所占比重(87.8%)较其他3种草高16.3%～21.6%。在4种草中,阔叶丰花草的光合强度最小,其净光合速率(P_n)分别比藿香蓟、白花鬼针草和牛筋草低22.9%、34.3%和64.3%;而其蒸腾速率(T_r)和气孔导度(g_s)均介于牛筋草和其他两种草之间。阔叶丰花草对草甘膦的敏感性低于藿香蓟和白花鬼针草,其ED_(50)分别为藿香蓟和白花鬼针草的3.75、1.79倍。【结论】阔叶丰花草具有幼苗快速生长、浅根系、低光合强度和耐草甘膦的特性。     

茭白肉质茎膳食纤维含量及理化特性的研究

以茭白(Zizania latifolia Turcz.)单季品种蒋墅茭和双季品种葑红早为试验材料,测定不同膨大阶段肉质茎可食部分干物质中膳食纤维及其主要组分和粗纤维含量,以及持水力、膨胀力的变化。结果表明:不同大小的茭白总膳食纤维含量达400 g·kg~(-1)左右,以不溶性膳食纤维为主,可溶性膳食纤维含量较低且在膨大过程中逐步下降;主要组分中纤维素和半纤维素所占比例较高,木质素和果胶的比例较低,在肉质茎膨大过程中呈不同变化规律;粗纤维含量100 g·kg~(-1)左右,膨大过程中呈缓慢上升趋势。干物质持水率和膨胀力分别在530%、4.9 mL·g~(-1)以上,且随肉质茎膨大而明显上升,不同品种间稍有差异,认为茭白属于优良的膳食纤维食品。     

茭白资源的系统聚类分析及综合评估

对 2 0份有代表性的茭白资源 ,在对 4个营养品质性状和 9个数值型农艺性状观察的基础上进行了系统聚类分析。该分类方法可以很好地将单季茭和双季茭区分开。在品质性状上 ,双季茭不及单季茭 ,早熟品种不及晚熟品种。从中选出了一个品质性状优异的地方品种单季茭黄湾茭。在双季茭中 ,筛选出农艺性状优异、品质性状较好的已在生产上应用的新品系 8970。