喷施硼锌镁对提高锦橙产量和果实品质的影响

锦橙叶面喷施硼酸、硫酸锌、硫酸镁溶液后，花粉发芽率提高，药粉管显著伸长，尤以喷镁的为最。还可提高座果率和果实产量、品质，其中，喷施硼酸的效果最佳，可显著提高产量，并便果实增大、着色好、降低总酸量、提高总糖量、增加糖酸比和固酸比。喷施硫酸锌，可增加果实叶蔗糖含量和增进果皮的光滑度。本文还对硼锌镁元素提高座果率，产量和果实品质的机理进行了探讨。     

高浓度锌对植物根端细胞的毒性检测

从显微水平及亚显微水平研究了锌处理对植物细胞毒性的影响，实验结果表明，不同浓度的锌对植物根端细胞的损伤不甚显著，细胞内主要细胞器结构完整，液泡呈轻至中度凝集，微核形成率很低。     

不同肠段中氨基酸螯合锌吸收特点的研究

用 50日龄Wistar纯系雄性大鼠 ,以体内原位结扎肠段灌注技术结合放射性同位素示踪技术 ,通过与氯化锌比较 ,研究了十二指肠和空肠对氨基酸螯合锌 (以赖氨酸螯合锌和蛋氨酸螯合锌为代表 )的吸收特点。试验中观察了向结扎肠段灌注含不同形态锌的灌注液后 ,不同时间 (5 ,1 5 ,30 ,60 ,90 ,1 2 0min)血液中6 5Zn比放射性的动态变化 ,1 2 0min (试验结束 )时结扎肠段6 5Zn的消失率 ,不同组织器官中6 5Zn的比放射性的变化。试验结果表明 ,和空肠相比 ,十二指肠对 3种锌源的吸收率高 ;和氯化锌相比 ,十二指肠和空肠对 2种氨基酸螯合锌的吸收率高     

Effect of Low Temperature of Irrigation Water on Rice Growth and Nutrient Uptake

The study was designed to investigate the effect of cold irrigation water on rice growth and on uptake of N, P, K and Zn applied ca. 50, 20, 35 and 5 mg kg⁻¹ soil, respectively. Cold temperature of irrigation water reduced rice shoot and root dry weight and plant height, significantly compared to hot temperature treatment. Under low temperature stress N was a major rice growth determinant. Increased shoot concentrations of both P and Zn allevated the low temperature stress. The uptake of N, P, K and Zn reduced significantly at low temperature (16.5–20 °C soil and 20–24 °C flood water) compared to high temperature (24.5–27 °C soil and 26.5–29.0 °C), with the strongest effect being noticed for N, followed by P, K and Zn. Application of N, P, K and Zn increased their uptake in rice shoots. Nitrogen and K had synergistic effect on their uptake. Responses to N and K application and their uptake behavior were well marked at higher than at low temperature whereas reverse was true for P and Zn.     

蔗糖和锌对水稻根系生长的调节(英文)

[目的]研究锌和蔗糖与水稻根系生长发育的关系。[方法]以水稻中花11号为试验材料,分析了不同浓度的锌、蔗糖、甘露醇、锌+蔗糖和锌+甘露醇处理条件下水稻根系生长、活性氧产生和根系质子分泌的变化。[结果]在1~3mmol/L范围内随着锌浓度的增加,水稻根系总长度、数量及活性氧的产生均增加,但质子分泌水平降低。除了株高外,初生根长、初生根侧根长/数、不定根长/数和不定根侧根长/数都不同程度的受到蔗糖浓度的影响,高浓度蔗糖诱导活性氧增加,无糖或高浓度蔗糖都导致根系质子分泌能力降低。但是,在相同浓度的蔗糖处理条件下锌诱导这些指标的变化与无锌处理的明显不同。5%蔗糖和5%甘露醇对根系生长的调节有显著差异,说明该调节作用是由蔗糖信号而非渗透势引起的。[结论]该研究表明蔗糖和锌对水稻根系的生长都具有重要的调节作用。     

不同施钾量和施锌量对旱作马铃薯产量的影响

为进一步探索马铃薯需肥规律,保障马铃薯高产优质,以‘新大坪’为供试材料,采用裂区试验设计,以施钾量为主处理,施锌量为副处理,研究不同钾肥和锌肥处理对旱作马铃薯产量及其性状的影响。结果表明,适量的增施钾肥和锌肥,可改善其结薯量、薯块质量、大薯率等性状,大幅度提高马铃薯的产量,提高其商品价值。不同施钾量和施锌量处理的产量差异达到极显著水平,但钾肥和锌肥的交互效应不显著。综合比较,在施钾量180 kg/hm~2+施锌量9.0 kg/hm~2处理的马铃薯产量最高;施钾量90kg/hm~2+施锌量9.0 kg/hm~2的产量次之。     

Zn and Pb release of sphalerite (ZnS)-bearing mine waste tailings

Background, aim, and scope  Contaminated mine drainage water has become a major hydrogeological and geochemical problem. Release of soluble metal contaminants and acidity from mining sites can pose serious chemical risks to surface and groundwater in the surrounding environment, and it is an important socio-economic factor addressed by working groups like SUITMA Morel and Heinrich (J Soils Sediments 8:206–207, 2008). The release of Zn and Pb from sulfide-bearing flotation residues of a small scale mine in Western Germany is investigated with focus on metal transfer to soil solution. Total contents of the soil material as well as soil water sampled with suction cups were analyzed. The influence of pH on leaching behavior was investigated with pH_stat tests. Isotopic analyses helped assessing seepage water velocity. The aim of this study was the assessment of the environmental behavior of zinc and lead caused by the weathering of sulfide-bearing mine tailings. Especially, we address in this paper the dissolution of sphalerite (ZnS) in contrast to the well-known dissolution processes of pyrite (FeS₂). Materials and methods  Total metal contents of the soil samples were analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, total C concentration was measured using a CHNS elemental analyzer. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra were recorded from powdered soil samples. Soil water was sampled in nylon suction cups. Electrical conductivity (EC), pH, and temperature of the soil water samples were measured in the field immediately after sampling. Major anions (F, Cl, NO₂, NO₃, SO₄) were analyzed by ion chromatography, major cations (Ca, Na, K, Li) were analyzed by flame photometry, heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Fe, Mn, and Mg) by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Tritium was analyzed by liquid scintillation counting (LSC), ¹⁸O and ²H were analyzed by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). pH_stat tests were performed at four different pH values between 2 and 5. Results  Total Zn contents of the soil samples averaged 10 g kg⁻¹, Pb contents averaged 2.5 g kg⁻¹, Fe 22 g kg⁻¹, S 8.0 g kg⁻¹, and total carbon 4.0 g kg⁻¹. Below 2-m depth, soil samples had neutral pH values. Toward the surface, pH decreased down to pH 5.4 in P1 and P3, and to pH 5.9 in core P2, respectively. Dissolved contents of major ions (Mg, Ca, K, SO₄, and HCO₃) in the soil solution increased with depth. Metal concentrations (Fe, Mn, Zn) decreased with depth. The solution pH was neutral to slightly alkaline in samples below 2 m and slightly acidic (pH 6) at 1 m depth. Tritium values are around 7 TU and correspond to modern rain, i.e., after 1975. Stable isotope values plot on the global meteoric water line. The pH_stat tests provide two kinds of information, the acid neutralization capacity after 24 h (ANC24) and the release of metals depending on pH. The ANC24 increases linearly with decreasing pH from about 60 mmol(eq) kg⁻¹ at pH 5 to about 460 mmol(eq) kg⁻¹ at pH 2. Zn and Fe release show a strong increase with decreasing pH to 126 and 142 mmol(eq) kg⁻¹, respectively. Pb release increases at pH <4 and Mn release at pH <5, both to about 10 mmol(eq) kg⁻¹. Discussion  With an average of 10 g kg⁻¹, this field site is highly enriched in Zn. In the oxidized topsoil, Zn concentrations are significantly lower than in the anoxic subsoil. The distribution pattern of total Zn contents and soil pH values indicate that the topsoil, which is prone to oxidation and acidification, is already depleted in Zn. Only in soil core P2, Zn (and Fe) contents in the topsoil were higher than in the subsoil. Oxidation of the sulfidic material leads to redistribution into mobilizable species. High soil water concentrations (10 to 15 mg L⁻¹) can be found at acidic pH. The dominant Zn species in the soil solution is Zn²⁺. At neutral pH, Zn concentrations are below 0.001 mg L⁻¹. During the soil passage, the contaminated seepage water enters the anoxic subsoil with pH buffering carbonates. Results indicate that Zn is immobilized there. However, when the acid neutralization capacity is exhausted, a breakthrough of dissolved Zn to the groundwater has to be expected. Lead averages 2.5 g kg⁻¹ inside the flotation dump. In contrast to Zn, the first centimeters of the oxidized topsoil with high TOC contents show higher Pb contents than the anoxic subsoil. About 80% of the cation exchange capacity in the topsoil is occupied by Pb. In contrast to Zn, Pb is not abundant as aqueous species at slightly acidic pH. Values lower than pH 4 are necessary to mobilize Pb in higher amounts, as pH_stat experiments confirm. Hence, Pb is not expected to be leached out until the buffer capacity of the soil is exhausted. Conclusions  The environmental fate and behavior of Zn and Pb in the flotation dump is strongly depending on pH and redox conditions. Oxidation of sphalerite leads to a transfer of Zn from immobile to easily mobilizable species. Sulfide oxidation leads to an acidification of the topsoil where the buffer capacity is already exhausted due to the leaching of carbonates. At acidic pH, Zn is transferred to the aqueous phase and leached to the subsoil where soil pH is neutral. Electron supply and the buffer capacity of the material are found to be the main factors controlling the mobility of Zn. In contrast, the transfer of comparable amounts of Pb to the aqueous phase requires pH values <4. Since Pb is enriched in the topsoil, not leaching to the groundwater, but direct uptake (e.g., children, animals) and uptake by plants is the highest environmental risk. If the acidification of the soil proceeds with the same rate as in the last 40 years, it will reach the bottom of the tailing in about 200 years and a breakthrough of metals to the groundwater has to be expected. Recommendations and perspectives  The behavior of the different metals and their environmental impact depends on the different metal properties as well as on external conditions, e.g. pH, redox conditions, buffer capacity, and groundwater recharge. To assess the future release of metals from a flotation dump it is crucial to determine the main processes leading to acidification, the buffer capacity, and heavy metal binding forms. The release of heavy metals to the groundwater could be prevented by liming or other buffering techniques de Andrade et al. (J Soils Sediments 8:123–129, 2008). Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Impact of zinc and arginine on antioxidant status of weanling piglets raised under commercial conditions

The effects of dietary zinc and L-arginine supplements on the weight gain, feed efficiency, antioxidant capacity and oxidative status of weanling piglets raised under commercial conditions were examined. A total of 288 piglets aged 21 d were fed for 15 d a diet supplemented or not with 2,500 mg/kg of zinc (provided as zinc oxide) and 1% L-arginine·HCl. The 4 treatments were distributed in a randomized complete block design with 6 initial body weight categories (12 animals per pen). Access to feed and water was ad libitum. Data were analyzed as a 2 × 2 factorial experiment using the SAS MIXED procedure, with zinc and arginine as the main independent variables. Blood collection day (d 8 and 15, samples were collected from the same 2 piglets in each pen before the morning feeding) was included as a third factor. The zinc supplement increased the average daily gain (ADG) from d 0 to 7, d 8 to 15 and d 0 to 15 (0.289 vs. 0.217 kg/d), average daily feed intake (ADFI) from d 8 to 15 and d 0 to 15 (0.338 vs. 0.279 kg/d) and the gain to feed (G:F) ratio from d 0 to 7 and d 0 to 15 (0.86 vs. 0.77) (P < 0.001). Both supplements significantly decreased the malondialdehyde concentration (zinc: 4.37 vs. 3.91 μmol/L, P = 0.005; arginine: 4.38 vs. 3.89 μmol/L, P = 0.002). Total antioxidant capacity and reduced glutathione (GSH) increased from d 8 to 15 (0.953 vs. 1.391 μmol/L, 2.22 vs. 3.37 μmol/L, P < 0.05) regardless of dietary treatment. Total and oxidized GSH concentrations on d 8 were higher in response to the combined supplements (zinc × arginine interaction, P < 0.05). Piglets fed either Zn-supplemented diet had a lower haptoglobin serum concentration (509 vs. 1,417 mg/L; P < 0.001). In conclusion, the zinc supplement improved piglet growth performance (ADG and ADFI) and oxidative status (based on malondialdehyde concentration). The arginine supplement had a limited effect on growth performance and oxidative status under these conditions.     

不同锌水平对1～21日龄肉仔鸡生长性能的影响

选用384只1日龄AA肉用雏,公母各半,按体重随机分成4个处理组,每个处理组设8个重复,每个重复12只鸡,研究在玉米-豆粕型基础日粮中添加锌水平分别为40mg/kg、80mg/kg、120mg/kg和160mg/kg对1~21日龄肉仔鸡生长性能的影响。结果表明:不同锌水平间各个日龄对肉仔鸡体增重、平均日增重、耗料量的影响均差异不显著(P>0.05),只有对仔鸡料重比的影响在7日龄差异极显著(P<0.01),14日龄时差异显著(P<0.05),21日龄时差异不显著(P>0.05);不同性别间对肉仔鸡体增重、平均日增重在7日龄和21日龄时差异极显著(P<0.01),14日龄时差异显著(P<0.05),但对仔鸡耗料量的影响在7日龄时差异不显著(P>0.05),14日龄时差异显著(P<0.05),21日龄时差异极显著(P<0.01);对料重比的影响在7日龄时差异极显著(P<0.01),14日龄和21日龄时差异不显著(P>0.05)。公鸡平均日增重、体增重、耗料重均大于母鸡,只有公鸡的料重比总体小于母鸡。研究结果表明,当锌水平在80~120mg/kg时能更好的促进肉仔鸡的生长发育。     

Relationship between zinc and zinc transporter expression in breast cancer MCF-7 cells

AIM: To study the changes of zinc transporter gene expression in MCF-7 cell line exposed to ZnCl₂ and TPEN. METHODS: Human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was exposed to different concentrations of ZnCl₂ (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 μmol/L) and TPEN (0, 5, 10, 15 μmol/L), respectively. Twelve hours later, the cell viability was measured by MTT and levels of zinc transporter mRNA by RT-PCR. Zinquin was used to estimate the intracellular zinc concentrations. RESULTS: MCF-7 cells viability rate was significantly decreased when exposed to ZnCl₂ (with 150 μmol/L and 200 μmol/L) and TPEN. The intracellular zinc concentration was significantly increased when exposed to ZnCl₂ and decreased when exposed to TPEN. ZnT-1 mRNA level was increased along with the increasing concentration of ZnCl₂ but decreased when exposed to TPEN. The expressions of ZIP2 and ZIP10 were increased along with the increasing concentration of TPEN. CONCLUSION: ZnT-1 gene expression is induced by zinc supplement and repressed by zinc deficiency. ZIP2 and ZIP10 gene expressions are induced by zinc deficiency.