锌添加水平对断奶仔猪不同组织中锌沉积的影响

试验选用 40头 2 8日龄断奶仔猪 ,随机分为 5组 ,分别饲喂添加不同锌水平的日粮 ( 80 ,2 4 0 ,1 0 0 0 ,30 0 0 ,5 0 0 0mg/kg) ,研究日粮添加不同水平锌对断奶仔猪机体组织锌沉积的影响。结果表明 :高锌添加使肝脏、肾脏、趾骨、血清、毛发及粪锌含量极显著上升 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,而背最长肌、扁桃体和胸腺锌含量则只有在添加 5 0 0 0mg/kg日粮锌时含量显著上升 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,脾脏锌含量则随着高锌的添加变化差异不显著P >0 .0 5 ) ;低锌添加 ( 80mg/kg和 2 4 0mg/kg)对机体各组织及粪锌含量无显著影响 (P >0 .0 5 )。     

Estimation of critical limit for zinc in rice soils

Abstract

Twenty surface soil samples wore collectod from Nalnltal Tarai (foot‐ hills of Himalya) where ‘Khaira’ disease (Zn deficiency disease of rice) was prevalent. Rice (Oryza sativa L. variety IR ‐ 8) was grown in pots for 8 weeks after transplanting. Experiments were carried out to find the suitability of five soil Zn extractants viz. dilute acid (HC1 ‐ H₂SO₄) mixture, DTPA‐ (NH₄) ₂CO₃, pH 7.3, dithizono, NH₄ ‐ Ac, pH 4.6 and MgCl₂. Critical limits of available Zn in soils were established for rice crop by old and new Cate and Nelson procedures.

Zn extracted from the soil with NH₄ ‐ Ac, pH 4.6, dithlzono, MgCl₂, and DTPA‐(NH₄) ₂CO₃, pH 7.3 was significantly correlated with the uptake of Zn by the rice plants. The correlation of Zn uptake with dilute acid mixture extractable Zn was not significant. The extractant which extracted more Zn gave higher values of critical limit and vice versa. It is concluded that all extracting solutions except dilute acid mixture were found to be suitable for predicting available Zn in rice soils of Taral.     

淹水条件下含硫锌肥与蒜皮对镉生物有效性及水稻产量的影响

采用盆栽试验,研究了淹水条件下施用锌肥(ZnSO4.7H2O)与含巯基废弃物(蒜皮)对污染土壤中镉生物有效性的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,施用锌肥(0.2 g kg-1)后水稻增产25%(P<0.05),在淹水平衡7 d时土壤中有效硫和有效锌含量显著提高,增幅分别为267.9%和684.4%,而土壤中有效态镉含量降幅达61.3%(P<0.05);水稻移栽30 d和60 d时,土壤中有效硫和有效锌含量仍显著高于对照,有效态镉显著低于对照,但随着时间的推移均呈下降趋势,水稻根系和糙米镉含量较对照降低了31.0%(P<0.05)和38.9%(P<0.05)。与对照相比,施用蒜皮(1 g kg-1)的土壤有效硫随时间的推移呈上升趋势,同时有效态镉含量下降,水稻根系和糙米中镉含量降低,但差异均不显著。锌肥与蒜皮配合施用的效果优于两者单施。因此,淹水还原条件下施用适量含硫锌肥可有效降低污染土壤中镉的活性,减少水稻的镉累积,而本试验条件下施用富含巯基的蒜皮效果不明显。     

含Ni六方水钠锰矿的表征及其对Pb 2+ (Zn2+)环境行为的影响

六方水钠锰矿是土壤中普遍存在、活性最强的氧化锰矿物。它常常富集各种过渡金属如Ni等,对其地球化学行为具有重要影响。在六方水钠锰矿形成过程中加入Ni2+,Ni以+2价存在于矿物中。进入水钠锰矿结构中的Ni大部分以[NiO6]八面体形式存在于层内;部分Ni存在于八面体空位上下方。含Ni水钠锰矿沿c轴方向堆叠锰氧八面体层数逐渐减小,而a-b板面晶体大小没有明显变化,即层片状晶体逐渐变薄,比表面积显著增大。随着Ni含量的增加,水钠锰矿结构中锰氧八面体空位数减少,而层边面吸附位点数基本保持不变,其对重金属离子(Pb2+/Zn2+)吸附去除能力逐渐降低。本文为明确过渡金属离子(Ni)对土壤中氧化锰矿物的形貌、结构及其性质的影响提供了参考。     

Influence of Gyttja on Shoot Growth and Shoot Concentrations of Zinc and Boron of Wheat Cultivars Grown on Zinc‐Deficient and Boron‐Toxic Soil

Abstract

Greenhouse experiments were carried out to study the influence of gyttja, a sedimentary peat, on the shoot dry weight and shoot concentrations of zinc (Zn) and boron (B) in one bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Bezostaja) and one durum wheat (Triticum durum L., cv. Kiziltan) cultivar. Plants were grown in a Zn‐deficient (DTPA‐Zn: 0.09 mg kg^?1 soil) and B‐toxic soil (CaCl₂/mannitol‐extractable B: 10.5 mg kg^?1 soil) with (+Zn = 5 mg Zn kg^?1 soil) and without (?Zn = 0) Zn supply for 55 days. Gyttja containing 545 g kg^?1 organic matter was applied to the soil at the rates of 0, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10% (w/w). When Zn and gyttja were not added, plants showed leaf symptoms of Zn deficiency and B toxicity, and had a reduced growth. With increased rates of gyttja application, shoot growth of both cultivars was significantly enhanced under Zn deficiency, but not at sufficient supply of Zn. The adverse effects of Zn deficiency and B toxicity on shoot dry matter production became very minimal at the highest rate of gyttja application. Increases in gyttja application significantly enhanced shoot concentrations of Zn in plants grown without addition of inorganic Zn. In Zn‐sufficient plants, the gyttja application up to 5% (w/w) did not affect Zn concentration in shoots, but at the highest rate of gyttja application there was a clear decrease in shoot Zn concentration. Irrespective of Zn supply, the gyttja application strongly decreased shoot concentration of B in plants, particularly in durum wheat. For example, in Zn‐deficient Kiziltan shoot concentration of B was reduced from 385 mg kg^?1 to 214 mg kg^?1 with an increased gyttja application. The results obtained indicate that gyttja is a useful organic material improving Zn nutrition of plants in Zn‐deficient soils and alleviating adverse effects of B toxicity on plant growth. The beneficial effects of gyttja on plant growth in the Zn‐deficient and B‐toxic soil were discussed in terms of increases in plant available concentration of Zn in soil and reduction of B uptake due to formation of tightly bound complexes of B with gyttja.     

水稻单C_2H_2型锌指基因ZOS2-01的表达与功能分析

拟南芥超雄基因（SUPERMAN,SUP）是一个单C2H2锌指基因。该基因突变后会造成雌蕊同源转化为雄蕊,正常的心皮发育受阻,因此SUP在控制花第3/4轮边界的建立和胚珠的发育中起重要作用。为了探知水稻中的SUP同源基因是否也存在类似的功能,我们根据拟南芥SUP的功能结构域,从水稻中克隆了一个与SUP类似基因,命名为ZOS2-01,并对其表达和功能进行了分析。结果表明,ZOS2-01与拟南芥的SUP和矮牵牛的PhSUP1在系统进化树上处于同一分支且与SUP的功能结构域完全相同。定量PCR和GUS表达分析表明,除胚乳外,ZOS2-01几乎在所有组织和器官中表达,但在幼穗中的表达量最高,暗示它可能参与了水稻的营养生长和花器官发育的调节。然而,采用RNA干扰和过量表达的方法减少和增加ZOS2-01的表达并没有明显影响水稻的生长发育,转基因水稻的营养生长正常,花器官发育也没有明显异常且结实正常。这些结果表明,尽管水稻ZOS2-01与拟南芥SUP具有相同的功能结构域,但它们的表达和功能可能已出现了分化,或者水稻中存在多个功能冗余的SUP类似基因。     

The effect of various nitrogen fertilizers on zinc (zn) availability in non calcic brown forest soils

In this article the effect of different nitrogen fertilizer application on the availability of zinc (Zn) content in non calcic brown forest soil was investigated. For this purpose increasing rates of NH₄Cl, (NH₄)₂S0₄; NH₄N0₃ and Ca(N0₃)₂.4H₂0 fertilizers were applied for having different physical and chemical properties in two soil samples. An incubation experiment was carried out over 4 months. The available Zn content of the soils was determined each month. According to the results the highest available Zn content of the soils was obtained from NH₄Cl applied to the soils followed by (NH₄)₂S0₄; NH₄N0₃ and Ca(N0₃)₂.4H₂0 application to soil. At the end of the experiment the average available Zn content of non calcic brown forest soils for NH₄Cl, (NH₄)₂S0₄; NH₄N0₃ and Ca(N0₃)₂.4H₂0 fertilizers are 0.93, 0.91, 0.88 and 0.77 mg kg^?1, respectively.     

植物锌营养研究综述与展望

就国内外有关土壤锌的含量与化学行为，植物体对锌的吸收，锌的生理功能，土壤和植物体内锌与其它元素间的关系，锌营养的遗传差异，根际和根系分泌物与土壤锌之间的关系等方面的研究现状以及展望进行了综述。     

短期高锌饲粮对蛋黄中锌含量及母鸡产蛋性能的影响

本试验采用典型饲料配方，以氧化锌形式补充锌及适量稳定剂，观察短期（３０ｄ）饲喂高锌饲料及稳定剂对母鸡产蛋性能及蛋黄中锌会含量的影响．试验结果表明．饲粮中添加２０００ｍｇ／ｋｇ的锌及适量稳定剂后，可使蛋黄中锌含量提高４５．３３％－４６．９８％，采食量不受影响，但饲料转化率、产蛋成绩下降；饲粮中添加１０００ｍｍｇ／ｋｇ锌时，可使蛋黄锌含量提高３１．９６％－３４．２２．．且对母鸡的饲料转化率和产蛋成绩无不良影响．改喂基础日粮１２天后，产蛋率基本恢复到正常水平．     

土壤有机结合态锌的分级及其活性的研究

用 pH9.5 0.1mol/L Na_4P_2O_7和 H_2O_2有效地将土壤有机态锌区分为松结有机态及紧结有机态。松结有机态对负荷水平、培养时间及土壤 pH 等环境因子的反应较紧结有机态更为敏感;同时松结有机态锌对活性锌的贡献远远大于后者。土壤中松结有机态锌与紧结有机态锌的相互转化是直接影响土壤锌的营养供应或污染致毒程度的重要缓冲体系之一。