多用途甘蔗品种B9的种性表现及栽培效益分析

[目的]弄清多用途甘蔗品种B9的种性、生产经济性表现。[方法]以广西牧草主栽品种桂牧1号(GM1),糖料蔗主栽品种ROC16、ROC22和糖能兼用品种GT22为对照,对B9分别进行饲料蔗、糖料蔗、糖能兼用蔗不同类型的品比试验。[结果]B9以作饲料蔗栽培经济效益最好,但不及GM1。B9作饲料蔗栽培时具有鲜草产量高,发株和分蘖力强,水溶性总糖、粗蛋白质含量高,茎叶比低,适口性好,青饲奶牛的产奶量接近用GM1饲养的产奶量等特点,可作为粗饲料的补充在广西推广种植。B9作能源蔗栽培可获得较好的经济效益,蔗汁酒精产量13.12 t/hm2,比ROC16、ROC22和GT22增产17.4%~37.8%,纤维产量17.4 t/hm2,比3个对照增产3.15~4.53 t。作糖料蔗栽培的效益比作饲料蔗、能源蔗低,但与对照比,蔗产量、糖产量比较高,经济效益高,宿根能力强,适应性广,抗旱抗寒能力强。[结论]B9在广西可作糖料蔗,也可作饲料蔗和酒精能源蔗栽培。     

Action of FAO in the control of foot and mouth disease

This paper describes the role played by FAO in the control of foot and mouth disease. Since 1954 the FAO European Commission for the control of foot-and-mouth disease co-ordinated the regional programme for eradication of FMD in Europe. One of the major achievements of the Commission has been to prevent the introduction and spread of exotic strains of foot and mouth disease into Europe through the Balkans. FAO also supports the activities of the Foot-and-Mouth Disease World Reference Laboratory located in the Institute of Animal Health, Pirbright, UK.

The Infectious Diseases/EMPRES Group of the Animal Health Service, Animal Production and Health Division of FAO, promotes a global approach to the control and eradication of transboundary animal diseases over the world. For foot and mouth disease, the strategy is based on co-ordinated regional programmes. For FAO, no sustainable progress can be achieved in FMD control over the world without addressing and supporting the control of the disease in endemic countries.

Résumé

L'article décrit le rôle joué par la FAO dans la lutte contre la fièvre aphteuse. Depuis 1954, la Commission Européenne de Lutte contre la fièvre aphteuse de la FAO coordonne le programme régional d’éradication en Europe. Un des succès majeur de cette Commission a été de prévenir l'introduction et la diffusion des souches exotiques de virus de la fièvre aphteuse à travers les Balkans. La FAO soutient également les activités du Laboratoire Mondial de référence pour la fièvre aphteuse qui se situe à l'Institut pour la Santé Animale de Pirbright au Royaume Uni.

Le Groupe Maladies Infectieuses/EMPRES du Service de Santé Animale au sein de la Division Production et Santé Animale de la FAO défend une approche globale de lutte et d’éradication des maladies transfrontalières à travers le monde. Pour la fièvre aphteuse, la stratégie est basée sur une approche régionale coordonnée. Pour la FAO, aucun progres significatif durable ne peut être obtenu dans la lutte contre la fièvre aphteuse à travers le monde sans que la question de la lutte dans les pays où la maladie est endémique ne soit prise en compte et soutenue.     

木薯MeSWEET10a基因启动子EBE区编辑载体的构建及验证

木薯细菌性枯萎病（cassava bacterial blight, CBB）是由地毯草黄单胞木薯萎蔫致病变种（Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Manihotis, Xam）引起的木薯重要病害,影响木薯产量,我国主栽的木薯品种均不抗Xam。Xam分泌的TAL20效应蛋白可结合木薯MeSWEET10a基因启动子的EBE区,激活该基因表达,促进糖类运输至Xam侵染的部位,为病菌的繁殖提供碳水化合物。本研究利用在线软件CRISPR-P v2.0设计EBE区的基因编辑靶点,构建CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑质粒pCAMBIA1301-Cas9-EBE-sgRNA。将重组质粒转化LBA4404根癌农杆菌,利用农杆菌介导法侵染木薯脆性胚性愈伤组织。提取侵染和未侵染的木薯脆性胚性愈伤组织DNA,PCR扩增靶点EBE区及潜在的脱靶位点,并进行Sanger测序分析编辑效果。结果发现EBE区被成功编辑,且没有脱靶现象。本研究有助于进一步获得MeSWEET10a基因启动子EBE区域的木薯突变体,以增强木薯抗细菌性枯萎病的能力。     

CRISPR-based genome editing technology and its applications in oil crops

Oil crops, mainly comprised of soybean, rapeseed, groundnut, sunflower and etc., have provided substantial edible oil and other tremendous nutrients for human beings, as well as valuable biofuels for associated industries. The genetic improvement of significant oil crops and/or domesticating novel high-yielding oil crops are in urgent need to cope with the ever-increasing demand for various oil crop products. CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)-based genome editing technology, born a few years ago, edits stretches of DNA in a targeted and RNA-dependent fashion. The Characteristics of targeted mutagenesis and easy manipulation owned by the technology make it have been applied to many plants and exhibited great potential in the genetic improvement of many important oil crops. In the face of growing need for oil crop products and the rapid developments in CRISPR-based genome editing technology, a critical review regarding the technology and its application in oil crops is badly required to provide references for the better use of this technology to modify the oil crops for higher yield. In this review paper, we briefly described the CRISPR-based genome editing technology and summarized its applications and future prospects in oil crops.     

三角帆蚌kinase X基因的克隆及功能初探

三角帆蚌是我国特有的淡水育珠蚌,在养殖业中占有重要地位,在实际养殖过程中,雄性个体有着明显的产珠优势,因此对性别决定的相关研究至关重要。研究发现Sox9基因在许多物种中起到性别决定的作用,kinase X基因是蛋白激酶(PKA)合成中至关重要的基因,而Sox9基因很可能受到PKA激酶的调控。实验通过RACE法克隆kinase X基因的全长cDNA序列,使用荧光定量PCR的方法检测该基因在2龄雌雄三角帆蚌各组织中的相对表达量,利用RNA干扰技术研究干扰链对kinase X基因及下游基因Sox9基因表达的影响。结果显示,kinase X基因全长1 652 bp,编码430个氨基酸;荧光定量PCR结果显示,kinase X基因在雄性性腺中表达量最高,雌雄间差异极显著;RNA干扰结果显示,合成的干扰链均对kinase X基因有着一定的干扰效率,其中干扰链1的干扰率最高,在雌性中的干扰率为83.1%,雄性中为81.9%,同时干扰链1干扰后Sox9基因的表达量在雌性中下降了90.3%,雄性中下降了56.6%,推测这两个基因可能参与性别决定过程。本实验为三角帆蚌性别决定和雄性单性化育种研究提供理论基...     

Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 protein expression by 1α,25-(OH)2D3 during osteoclast differentiation

To investigate 1α,25-(OH)₂D₃ regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) protein expression during osteoclast formation and differentiation, receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) were administered to induce the differentiation of RAW264.7 cells into osteoclasts. The cells were incubated with different concentrations of 1α,25-(OH)₂D₃ during culturing, and cell proliferation was measured using the methylthiazol tetrazolium method. Osteoclast formation was confirmed using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and assessing bone lacunar resorption. MMP-9 protein expression levels were measured with Western blotting. We showed that 1α,25-(OH)₂D₃ inhibited RAW264.7 cell proliferation induced by RANKL and M-CSF, increased the numbers of TRAP-positive osteoclasts and their nuclei, enhanced osteoclast bone resorption, and promoted MMP-9 protein expression in a concentration-dependent manner. These findings indicate that 1α,25-(OH)₂D₃ administered at a physiological relevant concentration promoted osteoclast formation and could regulate osteoclast bone metabolism by increasing MMP-9 protein expression during osteoclast differentiation.     

H7N9亚型禽流感病毒三重PCR检测方法的建立

In order to develop a rapid and simultaneous assay for H7N9 subtype avian influenza virus （AIV）, three pairs of specific primers were designed according to the conserved sequences of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of H7 subtype AIV, the neuramidinase (NA) gene of N9 subtype AIV, and the matix (M) gene of all subtypes AIV. The reaction conditions were optimized, and the specificity and sensitivity of this method were evaluated to develop a triplex PCR assay. It was shown that H7N9 subtype AIV could be amplified into three specific bands by this triplex PCR, the lengths of these bands were 330 (H7 AIV), 207 (N9 AIV) and 632 bp (all AIV), respectively. Samples containing H7 or N9 subtype AIV could be amplified into two specific bands, which were 330 and 632, 207 and 632 bp, respectively. Samples containing other subtypes AIV could be amplified into a 632 bp specific band. No specific band was amplified from other avian pathogenic virus. Sensitivity test results showed that as low as 10³ copies/μL H7N9 subtype AIV could be detected. This triplex PCR could simultaneously diagnose H7N9 subtype AIV, single H7 subtype AIV, single N9 subtype AIV and other subtype AIV in one tube. This assay was a rapid, specific and sensitive method for the detection of H7N9 subtype AIV. It could be applied in rapid diagnosis for clinical samples, and also provided a technical support to prevent and control H7N9 subtype AIV.     

浙江省主要小麦品种加工品质的研究

本试验分析了浙江省主要小麦品种浙麦1号、浙麦2号、浙麦3号和品系“119”籽粒的物理性状及其面粉品质。结果表明,“119”和浙麦3号的千粒重,容重、角质率都相对较高,而浙麦1号和浙麦2号相对较低。面粉品质属弱面粉或中等面粉,其中“119”小麦的面筋含量较高,面团形成时间、稳定时间和断裂时间都相对较长,面团曲线较平稳,谱带较宽,软化度也较小,总评价值较高,加工品质相对较好。 年度间和不同收获期之间,麦粒的物理性状和面粉品质均有差异。延迟收获的小麦籽粒容重、千粒重、角质率等物理性状和面团的弹性、延伸性变劣,软化度增加,而出粉率和面筋含量稍有提高,可见,小麦产量、籽粒的物理性状和加工品质等以适时收获为好。     

蚜蝇姬蜂亚科(Diplazontinae)新记录(Hymenoptera,Ichneumonidae)

本文记录了新疆9种蚜蝇姬蜂及其分布和寄主。中国新记录4个,新疆新记录4个,并附有9种蚜蝇姬蜂检索表。     

外源酶对英红九号红茶品质的影响研究

通过在萎凋过程中添加不同浓度的外源木聚糖酶、纤维素酶及木瓜蛋白酶,探讨了不同浓度外源酶对英红九号红茶品质的影响.结果表明,添加这3种外源酶对萎凋叶中的氨基酸和黄酮的含量有所影响.通过毛茶的生化组分分析结合感官审评,发现添加250 U/mL木聚糖酶处理能使毛茶品质达到最优,添加250、350 U/mL纤维素酶处理的毛茶品质较优,添加150、250 U/mL木瓜蛋白酶处理的毛茶品质较好.