东乡县肉羊产业发展现状与优势分析

东乡县降水时空分布不均,境内水资源比较贫乏,是制约种植业发展的一大瓶颈,但东乡县肉羊产业发展良好,已成为当地的支柱产业。为了明确东乡县肉羊产业的发展优势及可持续发展潜力,通过查阅文献与实地调研,对东乡县肉羊产业发展现状、优势和可持续发展的关键因素进行了分析。结果表明,人均羊肉占有量与肉羊出栏量决定着育肥肉羊产业的生产量,是肉羊产业发展的重要基础;肉羊存栏量决定着育肥肉羊群体生产性能,是肉羊产业持续发展的关键所在;饲草供应、科技服务是肉羊产业发展不可缺少的支撑力;屠宰加工、物流配送、品牌营销等关联服务业是肉羊产业的增值途径。以上凸现了东乡县肉羊产业发展优势,说明东乡县发展肉羊产业是可行的,也是县域乡村振兴发展的必然趋势。     

甘肃5个肉用绵羊品种的微卫星遗传多样性及其 与生产性能的关联性分析

【目的】研究甘肃主要肉用绵羊品种(波德代羊、无角陶赛特、蒙古羊、滩羊、小尾寒羊)DNA分子水平上的遗传多样性。【方法】利用世界粮农组织和国际家畜联合会推荐的11对微卫星引物(CSRD0298、RM0509、URB0038、MCM0130、ILSTS004、MCMA008、MNS0094、CSSM0004、OarAE101、BM1329和OarFCB11),对5个肉用绵羊品种分子水平上的遗传多样性及其与生产性能的关联性进行研究。【结果】11个微卫星位点在5个肉用绵羊品种间均呈现高度多态性,构建的系统进化树NJ聚类图将国内的3个肉用绵羊品种(蒙古羊、滩羊、小尾寒羊)与引进的2个肉用绵羊品种(波德代羊、无角陶赛特)分为2支;系统进化树UPGMA聚类图和主成分的二维散点图进一步证实了NJ聚类结果的可靠性。生产性能关联性分析结果显示,绵羊群体的平均产羔数与微卫星位点OarAE101存在关联性,与位点BM1329没有关联性;绵羊初生质量与微卫星位点ILSTS004和CSSM0004存在关联性。【结论】5个肉用绵羊品种具有丰富的遗传多样性,有很大的选育潜力。     

小陇山林区山门林场草畜平衡现状调查及发展展望

在对小陇山林区山门林场观音、白杨和史沟三个村草畜平衡现状进行调查的基础上,根据不同类型草场、农作物秸秆产量,计算了理论载畜量,评估了草畜平衡,并分析了人工草地建植对草畜平衡的影响,指出大力提高天然草地生产力,在撂荒地建植人工草地,可促进当地草地畜牧业可持续发展,是实现乡村振兴战略的有效途径.     

羊MHC基因多态性与抗病性状 的相关性研究进展

羊主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）具有高度多态性,与羊的多种疾病抗性密切相关。MHC 已是世界范围内的研究热点且已取得了很大的研究进展。介绍了羊MHC 的结构与功能、国内外有关羊MHC 的多态性研究现状及MHC 与羊抗病育种的相关研究,并展望了MHC 在羊抗病育种中的应用前景,为今后羊的抗病育种研究提供理论依据。     

藏绵羊乳中酶活力的研究

对40只藏绵羊脱脂乳中4种酶的活力进行了检测,结果显示,乳中酶活力存在较大个体差异。γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、乳过氧化物酶(LP)和淀粉酶(AMY)的活力分别为268.25±89.18U/100mL、231.85±107.38U/100mL、3.97±3.68U/mL、80.65±73.91U/100mL。其中,头胎和第2胎乳中的淀粉酶活力显著高于第3、4胎,乳中其他酶的活力未见明显的胎次变化。研究发现,藏绵羊乳中的乳过氧化物酶和γ-谷氨酰转肽酶活力较牦牛乳和藏山羊乳的低得多,尤其是乳过氧化物酶活力极低。     

Second passage of chronic wasting disease of mule deer to sheep by intracranial inoculation compared to classical scrapie

The origin of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in cervids is unclear. One hypothesis suggests that CWD originated from scrapie in sheep. We compared the disease phenotype of sheep-adapted CWD to classical scrapie in sheep. We inoculated sheep intracranially with brain homogenate from first-passage mule deer CWD in sheep (sCWD^md). The attack rate in second-passage sheep was 100% (12 of 12). Sheep had prominent lymphoid accumulations of PrP^Sc reminiscent of classical scrapie. The pattern and distribution of PrP^Sc in the brains of sheep with CWD^md was similar to scrapie strain 13-7 but different from scrapie strain x124. The western blot glycoprofiles of sCWD^md were indistinguishable from scrapie strain 13-7; however, independent of sheep genotype, glycoprofiles of sCWD^md were different than x124. When sheep genotypes were evaluated individually, there was considerable overlap in the glycoprofiles that precluded significant discrimination between sheep CWD and scrapie strains. Our data suggest that the phenotype of CWD in sheep is indistinguishable from some strains of scrapie in sheep. Given our results, current detection techniques would be unlikely to distinguish CWD in sheep from scrapie in sheep if cross-species transmission occurred naturally. It is unknown if sheep are naturally vulnerable to CWD; however, the susceptibility of sheep after intracranial inoculation and lymphoid accumulation indicates that the species barrier is not absolute.     

中药饲料添加剂对甘南藏羊免疫功能及氨基酸和脂肪酸的影响

试验旨在研究中药饲料添加剂对甘南藏羊免疫功能、氨基酸及和免疫功能的影响。随机对60头藏羊分为6组,分为3个对照组和3个试验组,每组10头藏羊。在试验组的基础日粮中按1%添加本地取材的七味中药饲料添加剂。预试期10 d,正式试验期90 d。结果显示对照组相比与试验组甘南藏羊的免疫功能、氨基酸及脂肪酸均显著提高(P<0.05)。试验表明,在甘南藏羊日粮中添加中药饲料添,对甘南藏羊的免疫功能、氨基酸及的及脂肪酸有明显的改善,添加不同剂量的中药材有利于藏羊的健康发展。     

Rumen degradation in sheep,goats and cattle and voluntary intake by sheep of four browse species

Two experiments were conducted using dried leaves ofAlchornea cordifolia, Ficus capensis, Manniophytum fulvum andAlbizza niopoides. In Experiment 1, dry matter (DM) degradation characteristics were investigated using thein sacco nylon bag technique in West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep, WAD goats and Bunaji steers. In Experiment 2, voluntary intake of the browse forage when fed as supplements to sheep at 0, 10 and 30% levels was measured. In Experiment 1,A. cordifolia andM. fulvum had significantly higher rapidly degradable DM fraction thanA. niopoides andF. capensis. Averaged across browse species, the extent of DM degradation for sheep (58.3%) was significantly higher than for goat (47.7%) or cattle (44.1%). Ranking order of browse species for the extent of DM degradation was:F. capensis>A. cordifolia=M. fulvum=A. niopoides. In Experiment 2, as the level of supplementation increased from 10 to 30%, voluntary intake ofA. niopoides andM. fulvum increased while voluntary intake ofA. cordifolia andF. capensis declined. The results suggest that dried leaves ofA. niopoides andM. fulvum are more acceptable to WAD sheep than those ofA. cordifolia andF. capensis.     

荒漠草原短花针茅表型性状对模拟绵羊采食的可塑性响应

为探讨短花针茅(Stipa breviflora)表型性状对模拟绵羊采食的可塑性响应,本研究设置对照(CK)、刈割(C)、模拟绵羊采食(CS)三个处理,测定短花针茅叶长、叶宽、单叶面积等11个表型性状,分析其不同处理下的差异性及可塑性。结果表明：与对照相比,刈割显著增加了短花针茅的比叶面积(P<0.05),模拟绵羊采食显著增加了短花针茅的单叶面积、比叶面积和株丛茎,显著降低了单叶质量、比叶质量和地上生物量(P <0.05);地上生物量、单叶质量和比叶质量是对刈割和模拟绵羊采食响应的敏感性状;单叶面积、平均叶长,株高及株丛径是对刈割和模拟绵羊采食响应的惰性性状;短花针茅地上生物量与分蘖数、单叶质量、比叶质量及株丛径呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与株高呈显著正相关(P <0.05)。由此可见,短花针茅在模拟绵羊采食下产生的可塑性是其生存繁殖的重要反应机制之一。     

绵羊胃肠道线虫季节动态的研究

本文采用粪便幼虫培养法和剖检过筛法研究了绵羊胃肠道线虫的季节动态.结果表明:成年羊胃肠道线虫的卵排出量或成虫寄生量4～6月出现一次明显的高峰,8、9月又出现一次较小的升高,一年的其它月份很低.羔羊粪便中最早检获虫卵是在7月上旬,8月下旬排卵量达高峰,此后,虫卵排出量相当低.剖检成年羊体内,捻转血矛线虫受阻幼虫百分率1～6月逐渐下降,7～12月逐渐上升,受阻率最高的是12月下旬.放牧地幼虫检查发现,感染性幼虫夏末秋初出现一次高峰,到翌年3、4月仍可检到少量的毛圆线虫幼虫.越冬试验证明,毛圆线虫的感染性幼虫能越冬.本文还提出了适合黑龙江省特点的有效防治措施的建议.