水曲柳幼林适生立地条件研究

在帽儿山地区对不同立地条件下水曲柳人工幼林生长指标进行标准地调查,并运用数量化方法研究了影响水曲柳人工林生长的立地因子。结果表明：影响水曲柳人工林生长的主要立地因子依次为坡位,土壤A层厚,坡向和坡度,其中坡位为主导因子。水曲柳人工林在中上坡位生长最好,在下坡位生长差。根据立地因子划分了34个立地类型。此外对不同立地类型的养分状况进行了分析,发现养分并不是限制水曲柳生长的主要因子。     

Effect of casein substitution with fishmeal, soybean meal and crustacean meal in the diet of the abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino

The effect of dietary substitution of casein with fishmeal, soybean meal and crustacean meal on the growth of the abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino was determined. A 350 g casein per kilogram diet was included into the CS diet. The whole casein was then substituted by: (1) 300 g fishmeal and 200 g soybean meal per kilogram diet (FS), (2) 200 g fishmeal, 200 g soybean meal and 130 g krill meal per kilogram diet (FSK), (3) 200 g fishmeal, 200 g soybean meal and 280 g red crab meal per kilogram diet (FSC) or (4) 200 g fishmeal, 200 g soybean meal and 130 g shrimp head meal per kilogram diet (FSS). In addition, a 50‐g by‐product of green tea per kilogram diet was included in the FS diet to form the FSG diet. Sea tangle (ST)diet was supplied to abalone as a control feed. Weight gain, final shell length and final shell width of abalone fed with the various substitution feeds (FS, FSK, FSC, FSS and FSG) were not different from those obtained with the CS diet. All the formulated feeds, however, produced higher weight gain and final shell width values than the ST diet. The results of this study show that casein can be replaced with a combination of fishmeal, soybean meal, krill meal, crab meal and/or shrimp head meal in the diet without a retardation of growth of abalone.     

中华绒螯蟹一龄性早熟和二龄成熟家系子一代成蟹阶段生长发育育性能的比较研究

中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)存在一龄性早熟和二龄正常成熟两种现象,为了解其后代养殖性能是否存在差异,本研究利用构建的一龄早熟家系和二龄正常成熟家系,评估了其子一代在成蟹养殖阶段的生长、存活率、产量、生殖蜕壳和性腺发育,结果显示:(1)正常家系的子一代在8月和10月的平均体重(70.45±18.62)g,(95.87±34.44)g高于早熟家系的平均体重(58.93±16.33)g,(95.56±25.26)g,甲壳长和甲壳宽在7、8和10月份,正常家系显著高于早熟家系,4-10月二龄正常成熟家系的特定增重率(SGR,(1.48±0.45)%/d)低于一龄早熟((1.65±0.12))%/d;(2)一龄性早熟家系完成生殖蜕壳的时间早于二龄正常家系,一龄性早熟家系在8月份的生殖蜕壳率为85%,高于正常家系(75%),但两者的性腺指数和肝胰腺指数均无显著差异;(3)就最终养殖效果而言,尽管正常成熟家系子代的存活率和平均产量比早熟家系分别高出14%和17%,但两种家系间无显著差异。结果表明,河蟹二龄成熟家系子代在成蟹阶段的生长性能优于一龄早熟家系子代。     

Does the wild‐caught Chinese mitten crab megalopae perform better than the hatchery‐produced seed during the juvenile culture?

Although wild Yangtze Eriocheir sinensis juveniles (coin‐sized seed) have better culture performance than the pond‐reared juveniles during the adult crab culture stage, the culture performance of wild‐caught megalopae (WC) remains unknown. Therefore, this study was designed to compare the growth, survival rate, crab yield, feed conversion rate (FCR), precocity, final weight and size distribution between WC and hatchery‐produced megalopae (HP) during the juvenile culture stage. Wild‐caught megalopae had significantly higher body weight, weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) during 0–4 weeks but lower WGR and SGR than HP during 4–8 weeks (p < .05). Although WC had a significantly lower survival rate and yield of normal juvenile crabs than HP, total yields of normal juveniles and precocious crabs were similar. Wild‐caught megalopae had a significantly higher precocious rate and yield of precocious crabs than HP (p < .05). Regardless of sex, no significant differences were found in the gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI) and final weight of normal juveniles and precocious crabs between WC and HP. As for the size distribution of normal crabs, WC had a higher percentage of small female juveniles (<3 g) but a lower proportion of middle size ranges (3–5.99 g and 6–8.99 g) than HP for females (p < .05), and there was no significant difference for males. In conclusion, wild megalopae of the Yangtze E. sinensis had worse culture performance than the hatchery‐produced seeds; therefore, wild megalopae would not be recommended for commercially juvenile culture of E. sinensis.     

鱼蟹稻田飞虫捕食装置风光互补供能系统的研究

针对鱼蟹稻田飞虫捕食装置的离网型户外供能需求的问题,着重研究该装置的供能系统方案。基于户外供能合理性要求,采用小型风力发电机和太阳能电池板自主互补发电来进行能源供应;对小型风力发电机和太阳能电池板分别进行Matlab/Simulink建模,着重对叶轮的风能利用系数、叶尖速比和桨距角的相关性进行量化分析,利用单因素分析法对太阳能电池板进行分析;在桨距角确定的条件下,适当取值叶尖速比,能够获得最大风能利用系数。同时,在不同温度和辐射的条件下,太阳能电池板能够取得功率曲线的峰值,为风光互补的最大功率获取提供理论上的支持。针对离网型风光互补系统能源的合理化利用,提出混合供能的能量管理策略,符合该装置的供能需求,对户外同类型装置供能设计提供一定的参考。     

茶树专用控释肥在幼龄茶园的肥效研究

在山东两年生幼龄茶园中分别施用金正大茶树专用控释肥CRF1（N—P2O5-K2O=25—4-11）、CRF2（N—P2O5-K2O=20—6—14）和普通肥料CCF（尿素＋复合肥＋碳酸氢铵）,其中CCF处理年施入纯氮量为100．8kg／hm2,CRF1处理设置3个水平CRF1—1、CRF1—2和CRF1—3,其肥料施用量按纯氮计算分别为CCF的100％、80％、50％;CRF2处理设置2个水平CRF2—1、CRF2—2,其肥料施用量按纯氮计算分别为CCF的100％、50％。大田试验结果表明：（1）、CRF1—1和CRF2—1在春、夏季显著提高土壤中有效氮、磷、钾含量;但在秋季,所有处理均表现出营养元素供应不足的现象;（2）、控释肥处理能显著增强茶树光合速率,增加百芽重,同时提高氨基酸含量,降低酚／氨比,进一步提高山东绿茶品质;（3）、山东幼龄茶园肥料施用量偏少．席在CR砣-1处坪的基础上继续试验来确定最佳浓肥量．     

宁夏银川地区池塘养殖河蟹技术探讨

从池塘修建、河蟹放养规格、时间、密度、生产管理和疾病防治等方面探讨了宁夏银川地区池塘养殖河蟹技术,试验养殖的河蟹产量达6 393.0 kg/hm2、平均135.3 g/只,经济效益达18 840元/hm2,具有较好的开发前景。     

加拿大蓬水浸液对植物幼苗生长的影响

[目的]为阐明我国外来入侵植物加拿大蓬的化感作用提供依据。[方法]研究了加拿大蓬根、茎、叶不同浓度水浸液对9种植物幼苗生长的影响。[结果]加拿大水浸液对植物幼苗株高和根长生长均有明显的抑制作用,且随水浸液浓度的升高抑制活性显著增强,对植物根长生长明显大于对株高生长的抑制,其抑制活性为叶水浸液〉茎水浸液〉根水浸液。[结论]加拿大蓬的化感物质主要存在于叶中。     

关于蟹-稻复合生态系统种养比例问题的探讨

稻田养蟹是一种高效立体生态农业。目前,关于种稻和蟹沟面积最佳比例问题尚无明确定论。就蟹沟面积和种稻面积比例问题展开了讨论,并得出结论,从氮、磷、钾3种元素角度考虑,其比例应分别为26.53%、13.53%和42.37%。但考虑到补充大量外源氮肥时水体分子氨会对蟹造成毒害,建议将蟹沟面积比例控制在26.53%左右。在不施或少施肥料的情况下,蟹代谢废物中的氮、磷完全能够满足水稻生长,只需补充钾肥。     

黄瓜幼苗生长耐盐性试验初报

采用作物耐盐性模拟试验,以苗期的苗长、根系活力、叶绿素含量和POD活力作为鉴定的生理指标,对3个品种黄瓜材料进行耐盐性研究,结果表明,所测4个指标在品种间存在显著差异;津春2号幼苗耐盐性最强,津春5号次之,津春3号幼苗耐盐性最弱。