基于江苏省河蟹主产区气象因子的产量BP神经网络预测

为提高江苏河蟹主产区产量预测能力,以此为基础制定科学合理的河蟹养殖发展规划,本研究对河蟹主产区附近设立的7个观测台站2013—2017年的气象数据和该区产量数据进行了采集,利用插值法补足少量缺失值,通过主成分分析选取了最能代表江苏省河蟹主产区特点的5个主成分作为研究对象建立BP神经网络,探索其用于江苏省河蟹主产区产量随气象因子变化的规律。结果表明,通过PCA主成分分析降维处理后数据的大部分特点能被BP神经网络学习到,预测值与真实之间的相关系数为0.82267,具备一定的模拟气象因子数据与产量之间的关系的能力。     

中华绒螯蟹养殖群体与野生群体的种群遗传学研究

研究旨在探究安徽中华绒螯蟹种质资源状况以及资源混杂程度,以期为中华绒螯蟹资源的科学保护、合理利用以及相关产业政策的制定提供理论依据。采集了中华绒螯蟹4个养殖群体和长江野生群体共170尾样本,基于线粒体分子标记,进行种群遗传学分析。结果表明,长江野生中华绒螯蟹遗传多样性低,盲目捕捞可能造成野生资源衰退。野生群体与养殖群体间未出现显著遗传分化,存在严重的种质混杂。研究探明了长江中华绒螯蟹的资源现状,为其科学的保护提供理论依据。     

基于氮磷负荷的淡水池塘河蟹养殖容量估算

于2019年5—11月对4个河蟹淡水养殖实验池塘（T1、T2、T3和T4）水质及河道补给水源水质进行监测,基于氮磷负荷及尾水排放标准,采用2种模型对养殖容量和最佳养殖密度进行估算。结果显示：整个养殖周期内实验蟹塘TN均满足地表Ⅲ类水质标准,TP在养殖前期超标,末期优于Ⅲ类水质标准;以磷排放标准估算,T1、T2、T3和T4在1个养殖周期内的养殖容量分别为4 835、3 894、5 035和4 546 kg,养殖密度分别为12 012、12 249、12 154和16 770只/hm²,4个池塘均可大量增养;以氮排放标准估算,T1、T2、T3和T4在1个养殖周期内的养殖容量分别为3 786、2 999、3 948和3 401 kg,养殖密度分别为9 406、9 432、9 530和12 547只/hm²,T1、T2、T3均可增养50%以上,T4还可增养19.75%。结合4个实验池塘实际养殖状况,该养殖实验池塘河蟹养殖容量为2 006~2 598 kg/hm²,养殖密度为10 229~13 296只/hm²较为适宜;相较于磷排放标准,基于氮排放标准估算的养殖容量偏低,这可能与养殖池塘补给水源水质氮含量超标有关。     

外源因子介导调控ROS对中国鲎血淋巴细胞参数的影响

以鲎血为主要原料制备鲎试剂是我国鲎资源开发的关键产业链。我国鲎种群数量逐年下降,为实现鲎资源的保护和可持续利用,开展对中国鲎造血作用机理的相关研究刻不容缓。实验向中国鲎体内注射N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)和灭活鳗弧菌(V),比较注射后0、6、12、24、48 h时中国鲎的血淋巴细胞总数、活性氧含量及非特异性免疫酶活性变化。结果显示,与对照组相比,注射NAC后血淋巴细胞总数(THC)、活性氧(ROS)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量均有下降趋势,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、总抗氧化酶(T-AOC)、溶菌酶(LZM)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性均有升高趋势。NAC与不同浓度V共同刺激下,THC、ROS、MDA含量相对仅注射NAC的下降有所减缓,其他酶活性有所升高。而血蓝蛋白(HC)在整个实验中无明显变化。6～48 h,NAC组的THC、ROS与V组、NAC和V共刺激组相比呈降低趋势,共同刺激下SOD活性显著高于其他组。48 h,NAC、V及共刺激下CAT、T-AOC组间无显著差异,但均高于对照组。NAC+106 V的MDA含量在48 h时最低,AKP活性在12～48 h呈升高趋势...     

High-intensity light of full-spectrum LED promotes survival rate but not development of the larval swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus

In this study, a 25-day experiment was performed to evaluate the survival and development of Portunus trituberculatus larvae under different light intensities (0, 61.55, 93.57, 124.31, 195.31, 248.51, and 310.95 μmol m⁻² s^-1). The newly hatched larvae were cultured in 1-L beakers at a density of 100 individuals/L, with four replicates per treatment. Full-spectrum light-emitting diode (LED) strip lamps were used as the light source. The larvae were fed with Artemia nauplii until all the larvae metamorphosed to young crabs or died, and survival and development of the larvae were recorded. The results showed that P. trituberculatus zoeae were not able to complete the entire larval cycle in the absence of light. In the dark treatment, the survival rate of the larvae decreased sharply in Z3 and reached 0.8 % in Z4, and all the larvae failed to develop to the megalopa stage. In the light treatment, no significant differences were observed in the survival rates of the Z1, Z2, and Z3 larvae under different light intensities (P > 0.05). However, the highest survival rates were detected for Z4 larvae and megalopae at 195.31 and 124.31 μmol m⁻² s^-1, respectively, indicating a decline in the light requirement. Although the Z2 and Z4 larvae were found to develop faster at a light intensity of 195.31 μmol m⁻² s^-1 (P < 0.05), no significant differences were found among the treatments at the end of the experiment (P> 0.05). In conclusion, the results show that P. trituberculatus needs more lighting than other crab species, and the light requirement declines as the zoeal and megalopal larvae develop into young crabs.     

Evaluating Domestic Sheep Survival with Different Breeds of Livestock Guardian Dogs

Livestock guard dogs (LGDs; Canis familiaris) have been widely adopted by domestic sheep (Ovis aries) producers because they reduce predation by wild carnivores. LGDs were originally used in the United States to reduce coyote (Canis latrans) depredations, but their efficacy against a suite of large carnivores, including wolves (Canis lupus), brown bears (Ursus arctos), black bears (Ursus americanus), and cougars (Puma concolor), and whether specific breeds perform better than others remains unclear. To assess breed-specific effectiveness at reducing depredations from a suite of livestock predators, we compared survival rates of sheep protected by different breeds of LGDs, including three breeds from Europe (Turkish kangal, Bulgarian karakachan, and Portuguese cão de gado transmontano) and mixed-breed LGDs, “whitedog,” common in the United States. With the help of participating sheep producers, we collected cause-specific mortality data from domestic sheep in Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Wyoming between 2013 and 2016. All three of the novel breeds of LGD tested were associated with overall reductions in sheep depredation relative to whitedogs, ranging from 61% to 95% (P < 0.05). In terms of predator-specific effectiveness, the Turkish kangal was associated with decreases in depredation from cougars (e^β = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.10–0.94, P = 0.04), black bears (e^β = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.28–0.37, P < 0.01), and coyotes (e^β = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.35–0.90, P = 0.02). The Bulgarian karakachan was associated with a decrease in coyote depredations (e^β = 0.07, 95% CI = 0.01–0.49, P < 0.01). The Portuguese transmontano was not associated with significant reductions in depredation hazard for any specific predator. Although variations in breed-specific effectiveness were subtle and nuanced, these findings will help livestock producers and wildlife managers make tailored decisions about how best to incorporate different breeds of LGD into sheep grazing regimes.     

几种抗球虫药物对獭兔球虫感染和幼兔生长性能的影响

在福建省福安市某獭兔场共检测出16种艾美耳球虫,均为混合感染。选取210只断乳1周、球虫卵囊阳性的獭兔幼兔,随机分为7组,进行抗球虫药物试验。在抗球虫药物试验组中,2.5%妥曲珠利组的獭兔幼兔按有效剂量30 mg/kg体重、5%肠球双效(盐酸氨丙啉+胺喹噁啉钠)组和5%优球乐(癸氧喹酯)组按有效剂量50 mg/kg体重灌服,分为1次用药组和2次用药组;对照组灌服等量生理盐水。结果显示,妥曲珠利组獭兔幼兔用药后第1周,粪便中的球虫卵囊数(OPG值)比用药前减少78.39%,也显著低于其他药物组和对照组(P<0.01);用药后第2周,球虫OPG值比用药前减少88.35%,感染率也降至最低;用药后第8周,粪便中球虫OPG值比用药前减少92.99%。至用药后第8周,各试验组与对照组獭兔幼兔球虫OPG值均转归为相对较低水平,感染率则仍保持较高水平;妥曲珠利组獭兔幼兔死亡率显著低于对照组(P<0.05),其他组间死亡率差异不显著;其平均增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),料重比则显著低于对照组(P<0.05)、极显著低于5%肠球双效1次用药组(P<0.01)。     

ETS微生物菌肥对养蟹稻田水环境及稻蟹产量的影响

将ETS微生物菌肥应用于养蟹稻田,并用普通农家肥作对照,探索ETS微生物菌肥对稻田水体以及水稻、河蟹产量的影响。试验共设置6个正方形单元格,每个单元格面积100 m2。试验设置对照组和试验组,每组3个平行。试验组施用ETS菌肥,每个单元格用量26 kg,放养幼蟹50只。对照组施用金正大有机肥和缓释肥,每个单元格用量17.3 kg,放养幼蟹50只。分析不同稻田的水质和水稻、河蟹产量。结果显示:试验组稻田水体的pH、总磷含量略低于对照组,但差异不显著(P005);试验组稻田水体的亚硝酸盐氮、氨氮、硝酸盐氮含量显著低于对照组(P005);试验组水稻产量(1.01±0.06)kg/m2,显著高于对照组(P005)。试验组河蟹平均规格(121.3±5.7)g/只,单产(40.26±0.31)g/m2,显著优于对照组(P005)。研究表明,将ETS微生物菌肥用于养蟹稻田,能够降低水体中的氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮等水化学指标,并能够提高水稻和河蟹的产量。     

目的论翻译原则下电影《狄仁杰之神都龙王》的字幕翻译探究

狄仁杰在武则天统治时期判决积案、疑案,纠正冤案、错案、假案,是我国历史上以廉洁勤政著称的清官.本文以2013年徐克导演的古装动作片《狄仁杰之神都龙王》为案例,探讨目的论翻译三原则下该影片中的字幕翻译.