冬季河蟹人工育苗的生产试验

随着我国河蟹（Ｅｒｉｏｃｈｉｒ ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｈ． Ｍｉｍｅ－Ｅｄｗａｒｄｓ １８５３年）养殖业的日益发展,河蟹的人工繁育和增养殖技术不断完善,河蟹产量不断上升;但是,北方河蟹的性早熟,制约着河蟹的养殖,该试验旨在探讨蟹苗当年养成商品蟹的养殖途径。在北方当年苗养成商品蟹生长期仅有５个多月,所以很难达到商品规格。若在冬季育,经过暂养,春季投放大规格的仔蟹,当年养成商品蟹就成为可能。为此,我们在１９９４～１９９５年１月,在大港区滨海养殖场进行了冬季河蟹人工育苗的生产性试验,通过对生产车间的改造,亲蟹的暂养、交配、抱卵及人工育苗等,于１９９４年 １２月 ８日和 １９９５年１月１５日,共人工繁育蟹苗（大眼幼体）１１５ ｋｇ,取得了冬季育苗的成功。然后将蟹苗养成仔蟹,（在张家港）当年１０月,养成商品蟹,平均规格１００ｇ／只以上。取得了很高的经济效益和社会效益。     

番茄叶片再生系统建立的研究

比较了不同基本培养基、不同激素及其不同浓度组合对4个番茄栽培品种叶片诱导愈伤组织、不定芽分化及其生根的效果.结果表明:MS+6-BA 3.0mg/L+IAA0.2mg/L+蔗糖30 mg/L(pH=5.8)对愈伤组织诱导及诱导愈伤组织分化不定芽的效果最佳;MS+IAA 0.1mg/L+蔗糖20mg/L培养基对生根最好。     

沸石在河蟹育苗中的应用

在河蟹育苗中,利用沸石作水质净化剂．从幼体蚤状Ⅲ期始,每天在3个幼体培育池共90m3水体中投放200×10-6沸石。结果试验组每m3水体大眼幼体出苗量增加54g,效果明显。试验证实,投放沸石能吸附水中有机污染物,降解氨氮,净化水质,促进幼体正常变态发育。     

生长季修剪对库尔勒香梨生长的影响

库尔勒香梨3年生幼树在5月12日、6月8日、7月6日三个时期进行生长季修剪能够开张枝条角度,降低树冠高度,扩大树冠,缓和树势,促进花芽分化,以7月6日进行修剪效果最好,发育枝生长量、背上枝生长量最短,干径和花芽量最大都达到显著水平,为早期丰产奠定基础。     

提高河蟹期仔蟹成活率的关键技术

河蟹仔蟹培育成活率低的重要原因是盐度不适,全淡水环境不利于蟹幼体对渗透压的调节。本试验用08%盐度人工海水培育幼体,其期仔蟹成活率比对照组提高34倍。人工海水配方中的Mg2 浓度宜选400mgL左右。     

卤虫去壳卵在河蟹育苗中应用的研究

本文比较了卤虫去壳卵、无节幼体和人工合成饵料在河蟹育苗中■Ⅲ～■Ⅴ期的饵料效果,探讨了卤虫去壳卵替代无节幼体在河蟹育苗中应用的可能性。     

河蟹青虾混养池塘循环水净化效能的初步分析

在河蟹青虾混养池塘构建封闭式循环水养殖系统,并对其净化效果和养殖效益进行了初步研究。结果表明：该系统对水体TN、TP、NH4＋-N和CODMn的平均净化效率分别为27.33%、56.14%、43.91%和39.59%。经湿地净化后的水质能够达到GB3838-2002地表水Ⅲ类排放标准,平均纯收益达53769元/hm2。     

Mechanical Separation of Green Crab (Carcinus maenas) Meat and Consumer Acceptability of a Value-Added Food Product

Mechanical separation of green crab resulted in an average mince yield of 49.2%, with average moisture, ash, protein, and lipid contents of 81.0, 5.1, 10.4, and 1.4%, respectively. Mince from small crabs (< 55-mm carapace width) had significantly lower lipid contents and L* values than mince from large crabs (> 55 mm). The overall acceptability of green crab mince empanadas (fried, stuffed pastries) was rated between “like slightly” and “like moderately” by a consumer panel (n = 87), regardless of empanada formulation (30, 50, or 70% mince by filling weight). Additionally, 63% of respondents indicated they would “probably” or “definitely” buy the empanadas if available locally.     

An ecosystem-based assessment of the Korean blue crab trammel net fishery in the Yellow Sea and management implications

Landings in the blue crab, Portunus trituberculatus, fishery in Korean waters of the Yellow Sea have declined substantially from 11,000 t in the 1980s to 2,300 t in 2004. Blue crab habitat quality in the Yellow Sea has been degraded by anthropogenic activities including sand mining, land reclamation, and coastal pollution. Various traditional management measures have been implemented, including closed seasons during spawning and size limits, but these measures alone have been unsuccessful to conserve blue crab stocks. Consequently, a total allowable catch and a stock-rebuilding program using an ecosystem-based management approach were implemented in 2003 and 2006, respectively to rebuild blue crab stocks and restore habitats. This program involved assessment of both blue crab stock status and trammel-net fishery impacts at an ecosystem-level using an ecosystem-based fisheries assessment method ( [Zhang et al., 2009] and [Zhang et al., 2010]), which considered fishery data from catch and effort time-series, crab population biology, and ecosystem characteristics, including habitats and environmental conditions. Recent (2008) management status indices have shown significant positive change compared to conditions in 2000 with respect to sustainability of the stock and fishery and with regards to biodiversity and ecosystem habitat quality.     

阳澄湖养蟹网围内外轮虫群落结构的变化及分析

2008年6月至2009年5月对阳澄湖养蟹网围及湖区3组对照点中轮虫群落结构及部分水质特征参数进行调查,分析了轮虫群落结构与环境变量的关系,利用多种参数对其水质进行评价。经鉴定,共采集到轮虫83种,隶属于12科30属。研究表明,网围内3个采样点的年平均生物密度及生物量低于湖区3个采样点,生物密度与水温呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。不同月份受不同环境变量的影响,除4月份外,环境变量对生物密度的影响在采样点之间无差异。相似度分析表明,网围内及相邻湖区的轮虫优势种相似性高。水质分析表明,6个采样点均为富营养化、β-α中污染水体,东湖网围C₁和中湖网围A₁2采样点程度稍轻,但6个采样点之间无显著性差异,这与用卡尔森营养状态指数得出的结果相似。