避雨栽培对川农泡椒1号品质的影响

以川农泡椒1号为试验材料,研究遮阳网+薄膜、遮阳网和露地3种栽培模式对川农泡椒1号品质的影响。试验结果表明,在夏季采用避雨栽培后,辣椒品质有所下降,其中VC、还原糖的含量均极显著低于对照,总糖含量差异不显著。而在避雨栽培的两种模式中,遮阳网+薄膜模式比遮阳网模式VC含量高5.4%,差异显著;还原糖高10.8%,差异极显著;总糖高0.8%,差异不显著。     

龙爪槐花对异色瓢虫成虫寿命的影响

本文研究了龙爪槐花和其所含的主要糖类对异色瓢虫成虫寿命的影响。室内用龙爪槐花饲养的异色瓢虫雌、雄成虫平均寿命分别为10.96和10.83 d,显著长于龙爪槐叶上成虫寿命(雌:3.98 d,雄:3.65 d);室外龙爪槐花序上生长的异色瓢虫成虫平均寿命(雌性:14.72 d,雄性:15.46 d)也显著高于枝条上的个体(雌:3.90 d,雄:3.82 d)。补充葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖和麦芽糖4种糖液,能显著延长异色瓢虫成虫寿命。龙爪槐花含糖量较高的花粉与花蜜是异色瓢虫成虫的适宜食物、能维持其种群发生,是花期龙爪槐上虽没有蚜虫发生、但仍有高密度异色瓢虫成虫的主要原因。     

不同降镉措施降低水稻籽粒中镉积累的效果

为了解不同降镉措施对镉轻度污染农田土壤的治理及降低水稻糙米镉含量的效果,为污染农田安全利用提供技术支撑,在浙江省桐庐县江南镇和瑶琳镇各选择镉轻度污染农田开展了不同用量石灰调控pH降低水稻镉积累、施用腐殖质型土壤调理剂+钙镁磷肥降低水稻镉积累、施用等量不同土壤改良剂降低水稻镉积累、石灰与叶面阻控剂配合施用降低水稻镉积累和不同土壤改良剂+叶面阻控剂组合降低水稻镉积累等5个比较试验。结果表明,糙米Cd含量随石灰用量的增加而下降,以中量为宜(300 kg/667 m²);施用钙镁磷肥的降镉效果优于腐殖质型土壤调理剂;降酸—腐殖质型土壤调理剂和降酸—黏土矿物型土壤调理剂对降低糙米Cd含量均有明显的效果,但其效果略低于石灰或钙镁磷肥;仅喷施叶面阻控剂可降低糙米Cd含量,但糙米Cd含量仍超过食品卫生标准;叶面阻控剂与腐殖质型土壤调理剂、粘土型土壤改良剂、钙镁磷肥与石灰配合施用能有效降低糙米Cd含量,达到安全生产的目的。     

脐橙糖度光谱图像检测技术研究

对采集到的不同波长的光谱图像灰度分布进行洛伦茨分布(LD)、高斯分布(GD)、指数分布(ED)函数拟合,通过比较发现洛伦茨分布为最优灰度分布拟合函数.将脐橙的糖度与洛伦茨分布函数拟合所得参数分别进行多元线性回归,建立最佳单波长、最佳双波长组合、最佳三波长组合和最佳四波长组合的校正方程.结果表明:利用光谱图像技术无损检测脐橙糖度是可行性的.     

诱导剂丁二醇对匍匐翦股颖抗病相关的防卫酶活性的影响

以丁二醇作为诱导剂,水杨酸和朴海因作对比,进行了匍匐翦股颖抗病性的诱导,比较分析了丁二醇喷施前后匍匐翦股颖体内过氧化物酶(POD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)的变化情况。试验结果表明,50～150μmol/L丁二醇均对匍匐翦股颖有一定的诱导作用,其中,100μmol/L丁二醇处理效果最好,病情指数由对照的93.33降至31.33。100μmol/L丁二醇处理后,匍匐翦股颖植株体内过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性明显增强,在处理后的第7d,POD,PAL和PPO分别是对照的1.8,1.9和4.3倍。     

不同苜蓿品种耐盐性初探

以NaCl为胁迫因子,设置质量分数0、0.3%、0.5%、0.7%和0.9%5个盐浓度梯度,对6个苜蓿Medicago sativa品种进行盐胁迫处理,通过测定发芽势、发芽率、株高、根长、可溶性糖含量和丙二醛含量,对供试苜蓿进行耐盐性研究。试验数据显示:随着盐浓度的增加,苜蓿的发芽势和发芽率逐渐降低,株高和根长逐渐缩短,可溶性糖含量逐渐增加。综合评比表明:新牧1号耐盐性最强,敖汉苜蓿耐盐性最弱。     

蒽酮-硫酸比色法测定天然鸽乳中可利用糖含量的研究

采用蒽酮-硫酸比色法测定玉米中的可利用糖含量以确定试验测定的最佳条件,并以此条件为对照测定天然鸽乳中可利用糖含量.玉米及天然鸽乳可利用糖溶液经乙醚去脂,高峰氏糖化酶水解,乙醇提取,饱和乙酸铅脱色后制得.结果表明,葡萄糖标准溶液的测定量在0.1～0.6 mg/mL的浓度范围内有良好的线性关系,其回归方程为y=1.6771x 0.0737,相关系数R=0.9987.测定不同的天然鸽乳样品,试验精密度高,重复性好,其可利用糖含量,0～3日龄天然鸽乳为7.45%～7.64%,4～6日龄天然鸽乳为32.08～60.28 %.     

套袋对鸭梨果实香气及糖酸组分的影响

采用静态顶空和气相色谱-质谱联用技术、高效液相色谱技术,研究了生长期套袋对鸭梨果实挥发性成分、糖酸组分等风味物质的组成和含量的影响。结果表明:套袋导致鸭梨香气物质种类减少和相对百分含量降低。套袋鸭梨采收时测定的香气成分有3类18种,其中酯类15种、烯类2种、醇类1种;不套袋鸭梨采收时测定的香气成分有3类26种,其中酯类23种、烯类2种、醇类1种。鸭梨的主要香气成分是乙酸己酯、己酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯。套袋和不套袋鸭梨均检测到3种糖、4种有机酸组分,其中糖组分主要为果糖,其次为蔗糖、葡萄糖,有机酸组分主要为苹果酸,其次为乙酸、柠檬酸、草酸,但不同处理间含量存在差异。     

Changes in the density and growth of brown trout (Salmo trutta) after intensive removal of sympatric Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) in the sub‐Arctic lake Møkkelandsvatn,Norway

This study tests the basic hypothesis that the removal of charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.), would cause an increase in both the growth and density of a sympatric trout population, Salmo trutta L. The charr population was characterised by slow‐growing individuals, with a high proportion of mature fish, that is typical for so‐called overpopulated populations. A total of 31,000 charr was removed from the lake in the period 1990–1992, and the density of younger trout (1+, 2+), but not older trout (3+, 4+), increased. The growth of older trout (3+, 4+) increased, but the evidence for similar growth increases of younger trout (1+, 2+) was limited. From 1989 to 1990, the proportion of trout increased from 30 to only 40% of the total catch, but from 1991 to 1994, it was significantly higher (60–80%) than that of charr. Total trout biomass increased to a maximum in 1992 and then decreased so that the biomass of 1994 was nearly similar to that of 1989, that is before the start of the charr removal. Back‐calculated lengths of trout from otoliths showed that 2+ and 3+ trout caught in the pelagic were growing consistently faster over previous years than those caught in the littoral, while this was not the case for the 4+ fish. Therefore, the hypothesis was partially supported; the growth rate of trout increased (age groups 1+ to 4+), while the density of juvenile trout (1+, 2+), but not the older trout (3+, 4+), increased after the removal of charr.     

Predation on native sculpin by exotic brown trout exceeds that by native cutthroat trout within a mountain watershed (Logan,UT, USA)

We explored potential negative effects of exotic brown trout (Salmo trutta) on native sculpin (Cottus sp.) on the Logan River, Utah, USA by (i) examining factors most strongly correlated with sculpin abundance (e.g., abiotic conditions or piscivory?), (ii) contrasting the extent of brown trout predation on sculpin with that by native cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii utah) and (iii) estimating the number of sculpin consumed by brown trout along an elevational gradient using bioenergetics. Abundance of sculpin across reaches showed a strong (r ≥ 0.40) and significant (P < 0.05) correlation with physical variables describing width (positive) and gradient (negative), but not with abundance of piscivorous brown trout or cutthroat trout. In mainstem reaches containing sculpin, we found fish in 0% of age‐1, 10% of age‐2 and 33% of age‐3 and older brown trout diets. Approximately 81% of fish consumed by brown trout were sculpin. Despite a similar length–gape relationship for native cutthroat trout, we found only two fish (one sculpin and one unknown) in the diets of native cutthroat trout similar in size to age‐3 brown trout. Based on bioenergetics, we estimate that an average large (> 260 mm) brown trout consumes as many as 34 sculpin per year. Nevertheless, results suggest that sculpin abundance in this system is controlled by abiotic factors and not brown trout predation. Additional research is needed to better understand how piscivory influences brown trout invasion success, including in‐stream experiments exploring trophic dynamics and interactions between brown trout and native prey under different environmental conditions.