Correlation of hematology and plasma chemistry levels in silver crucian carp Carassius langsdorfii

ABSTRACT: The correlation between hematology and plasma chemistry was examined in natural silver crucian carp Carassius langsdorfii. Three microsatellite DNA markers identified five clonal lines. Blood was obtained from the caudal vessels and analyzed using automatic analysis systems. The correlation between several parameters including erythrocyte count (RBC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), plasma glucose (Glu) and total protein (TP) was assessed by liner regression. Hemoglobin (Hgb) and hematocrit (Hct) as a function of the erythrocyte count, hematocrit as a function of the hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) as a function of the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) as a function of the mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and total protein as a function of triglyceride (TG) were positively correlated for the five clonal lines. Different regression slopes ( b -value) of RBC to Hgb and Hct were found among clonal lines, while no such differences were found among slopes of the remaining regression equation. This phenomenon suggests that the significantly different slopes among parameters, which indicated low genetic influence at the each parameter, clearly detected the genetic influences as the compound effect of these parameters.     

Dorso-ventral axis perturbation in goldfish embryos caused by heat- and pressure-shock treatments for chromosome set manipulation

ABSTRACT: Effects of the chromosome set manipulation on early embryonic development were examined in goldfish and crucian carp. Both pressure- and heat-shock treatments of fertilized eggs induced developmental disorders such as thin blastodisc formation, delay of epiboly, and deficiency of dorso-anterior structures. The longer the treatments were applied to the eggs, the more frequently severe dorsal deficiencies were induced in the embryos. No and reduced signals of goosecoid mRNA, a dorsal mesodermal marker, were observed in embryos treated with heat-shock at 40°C for 1 min at 5 min postfertilization. These results suggested that such treatments should affect not only the retention of the second polar body, but also the suppression of dorso-ventral differentiation.     

A laboratory-based assessment of phosphorus and nitrogen loading from currently available commercial carp feeds

ABSTRACT: To clarify the total phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) loading from carp culture, five commercial diets were selected from a major location in Japan, Lake Kasumigaura, for a 12-week feeding trial. These diets were prepared as per the 'Kasumigaura Feed Standard' (crude protein < 35% and digestible energy > 3.5kcal/g), and total P ranged from 1.4% to 2.0%. However, for most of the diets the P available was lower than the requirement level. A control diet was formulated with 25% fishmeal to comply with that standard and contain adequate available P. Duplicate groups of juvenile carp were fed the aforementioned diets to satiation, three times a day, six days a week throughout the trial. Growth performance was significantly higher for the control group and values of P absorption (20.4–47.0%) and retention (14.0–36.3%) varied widely among the groups. Consequently, the total P loading (kg/t production) values based on retention fluctuated from 14.8 to 26.4 among the commercial diet groups compared with the low level of 8.5 for the control group. Similarly, the total N loading (kg/t production) values varied from 30.9 to 86.0 and was lowest for the control group. A higher whole body lipid and lower bone P and Ca confirmed the deficiency of the dietary available P in commercial diets. Better growth and comparatively less P and N loading rates were observed in the diet that had sufficient available P, not to mention that the control diet ranked best. It was concluded that an inadequacy of available P among the commercial diets affects the growth of carp and produces high P and N loading into the water. Therefore, if the commercial diets do not supply adequate levels of available P to carp, growth is negatively affected and may result in greater waste loading.     

三江平原岗地白浆土种植苜蓿的试验研究

通过岗地白浆大面积种植紫花苜蓿试验，探讨了适于白浆土上种植苜蓿的土壤耕作、品种选择、播种时期、苗期和生长期管理。结果表明：白浆土地种植苜蓿品种为肇东苜蓿，播种时期为春节，播深在１．５ｃｍ左右，播前精细整地，播后及时镇压。     

再谈重庆的标示英语错误种种

标示语广泛应用于我们生活的方方面面，因此也影响到我们生活的方方面面。标示语的英语翻译对走向全球化的中国社会来说，也开始显得越来越重要。本文就重庆地区近来出现的标示荚语问题进行逐一分析，以期引起有关业内人士注意。     

北方农区苜蓿、小黑麦+玉米青贮生产模式的效益分析

对北方农区苜蓿及玉米青贮＋小黑麦种植模式的经济效益调查分析表明，干物产量成本以玉米青贮最低，为155．5元／t，小黑麦最高，从整年看，青贮玉米＋小黑麦干草或青贮的干物成本和苜蓿干草相近，234．5－280．9元／t；但从营养成分看，苜蓉粗蛋白成本仅1．54元/kg，显示出明显优势，加之营养转化的间接效益，苜蓿的经济效益是较好的，并指出，提高产量和延长苜蓿草场的利用年限是降低其生产成本的有效方法。     

Body depth variation in crucian carp Carassius carassius: an experimental individual-based study

Abstract –  Induced morphological defences, where individuals develop morphological structures as a response to signals from sympatric predators, are common among invertebrates. Such defences have also been reported in a freshwater fish, the crucian carp Carassius carassius . In crucian carp, the presence of piscivorous fish presumably induces the development of a deep body as a defence mechanism. We tested how the growth rate (in body depth, length and mass) of individually tagged crucian carp responds to pike Esox lucius odours and control water. In general, crucian carp exposed to pike odour grew better (both in length and mass) than control fish. The treatment crucian carp also developed deeper bodies than control crucian carp. Further, there was a strong positive relationship between individual growth rate and the rate of change in body depth and this relationship did not differ between control and treatment fish.     

论共同理性视域下的自然法学与分析法学——兼论法学比较研究的视角问题

在过于浓厚的"辨异"语境下,国内法学界大都认可这样一种判断:西方自然法学和分析法学的学说主张是彼此对立、"水火不容"的。其实,此二学派在法律基本精神、思维方式等许多重要问题上存在着广泛而深刻的相同相通相似之处。因此,判定二者"水火不容"显然是偏颇的,它是国内法学比较研究忽视"求同"、片面"辨异"的产物。由此,应该对国内法学比较研究这种畸轻畸重的视角问题作出反思与批判,从而突显法学比较的"求同"维度。