北方农区苜蓿、小黑麦+玉米青贮生产模式的效益分析

对北方农区苜蓿及玉米青贮＋小黑麦种植模式的经济效益调查分析表明，干物产量成本以玉米青贮最低，为155．5元／t，小黑麦最高，从整年看，青贮玉米＋小黑麦干草或青贮的干物成本和苜蓿干草相近，234．5－280．9元／t；但从营养成分看，苜蓉粗蛋白成本仅1．54元/kg，显示出明显优势，加之营养转化的间接效益，苜蓿的经济效益是较好的，并指出，提高产量和延长苜蓿草场的利用年限是降低其生产成本的有效方法。     

Body depth variation in crucian carp Carassius carassius: an experimental individual-based study

Abstract –  Induced morphological defences, where individuals develop morphological structures as a response to signals from sympatric predators, are common among invertebrates. Such defences have also been reported in a freshwater fish, the crucian carp Carassius carassius . In crucian carp, the presence of piscivorous fish presumably induces the development of a deep body as a defence mechanism. We tested how the growth rate (in body depth, length and mass) of individually tagged crucian carp responds to pike Esox lucius odours and control water. In general, crucian carp exposed to pike odour grew better (both in length and mass) than control fish. The treatment crucian carp also developed deeper bodies than control crucian carp. Further, there was a strong positive relationship between individual growth rate and the rate of change in body depth and this relationship did not differ between control and treatment fish.     

论共同理性视域下的自然法学与分析法学——兼论法学比较研究的视角问题

在过于浓厚的"辨异"语境下,国内法学界大都认可这样一种判断:西方自然法学和分析法学的学说主张是彼此对立、"水火不容"的。其实,此二学派在法律基本精神、思维方式等许多重要问题上存在着广泛而深刻的相同相通相似之处。因此,判定二者"水火不容"显然是偏颇的,它是国内法学比较研究忽视"求同"、片面"辨异"的产物。由此,应该对国内法学比较研究这种畸轻畸重的视角问题作出反思与批判,从而突显法学比较的"求同"维度。     

Common variable immune deficiency in a Pomeranian with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

A Pomeranian dog, 1 year- and 8 month-old neutered female, was presented with persistent respiratory distress and recurrent generalized demodicosis. Physical examination revealed cyanosis, rough respiratory sounds, multifocal alopecia and dermal erosions on the dorsal side of the forelimbs, perineal area and skin around the eyes. A severe diffuse interstitial lung pattern was observed on thoracic radiographs. The blood examination revealed neutrophilia and hypoglobulinemia. Serum immunoglobulin concentrations of IgG and IgA were low. Histopathological examination revealed severe diffuse interstitial pneumonia with Pneumocystis carinii infection. Severe lymphoid depletion was observed in the spleen and other organs with lymphoid follicles consisted mainly of CD3-positive T cells and few cells of B-cell lineage. B-cell hypoplasia with subsequent antibody deficiency was suspected.     

数字RT-PCR检测鲤春病毒血症的方法建立与应用

[目的]通过实时定量RT-PCR和数字RT-PCR两种方法的比对试验,建立快速检测鲤春病毒血症的数字RT-PCR方法。[方法]利用同一对引物和探针,以梯度稀释的方法测定两种方法针对SVCV的灵敏性、特异性及重现性。[结果]两种方法均能够检测出104倍稀释的SVCV,而数字RT-PCR可以检测出单个微滴中的SVCV,其灵敏度性高于实时定量RT-PCR。同时,两种方法的特异性都很强,对其他病毒,如传染性胰腺坏死病毒（IPNV）、传染性造血器官坏死病毒（IHNV）、病毒性出血败血病毒（VHSV）均未有扩增反应。两种方法的重现性也较好。[结论]数字RT-PCR方法比实时定量RT-PCR具有更高的灵敏度,在鲤春病毒血症的早期快速诊断方面具有重要作用。     

饲料中糊精水平对乌克兰鳞鲤生长及糖代谢的影响

为了探讨饲料中糊精水平对乌克兰鳞鲤生长和糖代谢的影响,试验配制蛋白质水平为30%,糊精水平分别为15%和25%的2种试验饲料,以平均体重为3.92 g的乌克兰鳞鲤幼鱼为试验对象,将300尾鱼随机分为2组,每组设3个重复,每个重复50尾鱼。饲养8周后,检测乌克兰鳞鲤生长指标、生化指标和糖代谢酶活性;禁食48 h后再投喂,测定投喂后0、3、6、12、24、48 h肝胰脏和肠道葡萄糖激酶(GK)和葡萄-6-磷酸酶(G6 Pase)mRNA的表达量。结果表明:1)25%糊精组的特定生长率显著高于15%糊精组(P0.05)。2)25%糊精组的血清甘油三酯、胆固醇和葡萄糖含量显著高于15%糊精组(P0.05)。3)25%糊精组血清己糖激酶(HK)、GK、丙酮酸激酶(PK)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)活性,肝胰脏HK、GK、G6 Pase活性显著高于15%糊精组(P0.05),而肝胰脏MDH活性则显著低于15%糊精组(P0.05)。4)再投喂24 h后25%糊精组肝胰脏GK mRNA的表达量显著高于15%糊精组(P0.05)。再投喂6 h后,25%糊精组G6Pase mRNA表达量显著高于15%糊精组(P0.05)。综合分析,在本试验条件下,25%的饲料糊精水平对乌克兰鳞鲤生长和糖代谢的促进作用好于15%的饲料糊精水平。     

Growth,digestive and absorptive capacity and antioxidant status in intestine and hepatopancreas of sub-adult grass carp Ctenopharyngodonidella fed graded levels of dietary threonine

Background

This study was carried out to investigate effects of threonine levels on growth, digestive and absorptive capacity and antioxidant status in intestine and hepatopancreas of sub-adult grass carp (Ctenopharyngodonidella).

Results

Weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake and feed efficiency were significantly improved by dietary threonine (P < 0.05). Intestinal activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin, alpha-amylase, lipase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and creatine kinase took the similar trends. Contents of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl in intestine and hepatopancreas were significantly decreased by dietary optimal threonine supplementation (P < 0.05). Anti-superoxide anion capacity, anti-hydroxyl radical capacity, glutathione content and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione-S-transferase in intestine and hepatopancreas were enhanced by dietary threonine (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Dietary threonine could improve growth, enhance digestive and absorptive capacity and antioxidant status in intestine and hepatopancreas of sub-adult grass carp. The dietary threonine requirement of sub-adult grass carp (441.9-1,013.4 g) based on weight gain was 11.6 g/kg diet or 41.5 g/kg of dietary protein by quadratic regression analysis.     

甜荞产量性状综合评价及AMMI分析

为了评价全国区域试验甜荞品种（系）在山西不同生态区的性状表现、品种稳定性及适应性,本研究以2019—2020年全国甜荞区试的6个参试品种（系）为试验材料,在山西省榆次（E1）、忻州（E2）、大同（E3）3个生态区种植,对参试品种的产量、每公顷株数、株高、主茎分枝、主茎节数、单株粒数、单株粒重、千粒重、生育期等9个主要性状进行考察;采用加性主效应乘积交互作用（AMMI）模型分析和双标图对3个试点进行产量稳定性、适应性及试点鉴别力分析,并对产量相关性状进行变异性分析和遗传相关分析。结果表明,在6个参试品种（系）中,丰产性、稳定性和适应性较好的品种为白荞3号和平荞2号。3个区试点均适宜甜荞品种鉴选,但相比榆次和大同,忻州试点的鉴别力最大。不同试验年份3个试点甜荞品种的产量及相关性状变异较大,6个品种（系）9个性状的变异范围在8.71%～35.80%,平均变异系数达19.34%。其中,变异系数较大的为主茎分枝,然后依次是每公顷株数、单株粒数和单株粒重,株高和生育期变异系数较小。对产量相关性状的遗传相关性分析也表明,株高与主茎分枝、单株粒数与单株粒重、单株粒数与产量以及单株粒重与产量均呈正向遗传...