Increased abundance of patatins,lipoxygenase and miraculins in a thaxtomin A-habituated potato Russet Burbank somaclone with enhanced resistance to common scab

Potato common scab caused by the actinobacterium Streptomyces scabiei is characterized by the formation of corky lesions on tubers that reduce their marketability. Management of common scab is very complex and often ineffective under various environmental conditions. Using potato varieties that are more resistant to common scab remains one of the most efficient strategies to control this disease. However, very little is known about the factors associated with resistance to common scab. Somaclone RB9 regenerated from thaxtomin A-habituated potato Russet Burbank calli produced tubers more resistant to common scab than the original variety. Comparison of the RB9 tuber proteome with that of Russet Burbank using label-free quantitative proteomic analysis revealed changes in the accumulation of defence-related proteins from the patatin and lipoxygenase (LOX) families, which are involved in the metabolism of lipids, and of two miraculins of the Kunitz-type protease inhibitors family. The implication of LOX during common scab infection was studied using synchronized minitubers developed from leaf-bud cuttings. S. scabiei infection stimulated the accumulation of LOX in both Russet Burbank and RB9 minitubers, but this accumulation was intensified in RB9 minitubers. Infection also increased LOX activity in Russet Burbank and RB9 minitubers. However, LOX activity measured in noninfected RB9 minitubers was similar to that of infected Russet Burbank minitubers, indicating endogenous activation of LOX activity in RB9 minitubers. We discuss how increased LOX abundance and activity in the somaclone RB9 may contribute to improving tuber defence against common scab.     

Building Enviornmental Monitoring System With COM

This article presents an implement of component using COM technology for collecting environmental monitoring data in environment monitoring system. The component makes the separation of data collection and data analysis available.Simultaneously by using the interface of connectable object in COM,itmakes the cooperation of the environment monitoring software with other parts of fault management software available,and also the seamless connection.It improves the system's performance by adding extensibility and potential cooperatibility.     

添加芽孢杆菌对草鱼池塘中真核微生物的影响

为了研究添加芽孢杆菌对池塘中真核微生物群落结构和理化因子的影响,采用高通量测序技术分析了实验组(添加芽孢杆菌池塘)与对照组(普通池塘)水体真核微生物群落结构,同时分析了两组池塘的水体理化指标。结果表明:8、9月实验组池塘水体中TN、NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N含量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。水体中梅尼小环藻(Cyclotella meneghiniana)、红囊藻(Hedriocystis)、蓝隐藻(Chroomonas)、丝孢酵母属(Trichosporon)和小环藻属(Cyclotella)真核微生物丰度显著高于对照组(P0.05)。实验组池塘水体真核微生物Chao1指数和Shannon指数显著高于对照组(P0.05)。实验结果证实:通过向池塘添加芽孢杆菌,可以改变水体中真核微生物群落的结构,从而实现对池塘理化因子的调节。研究结果对于降低水产养殖尾水对水域环境的污染具有一定的意义。     

不同处理对蛭石栽培的微型薯疮痂病防控效果及其微生态效应分析

通过田间小区试验评价了6个不同处理对蛭石栽培的微型马铃薯疮痂病的防效,并采用16S核糖体基因高通量测序技术研究了蛭石中细菌群落结构的变化.试验结果显示,棉隆+青霉菌34107处理对疮痂病防效最好(93.43％),显著高于对照药剂中生菌素处理(65.10％);而且商品薯的数量和经济效益也最高,分别达到348.3万个/hm...     

Gel Properties of Surimi from Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix): Effects of Whey Protein Concentrate,CaCl2, and Setting Condition

The effects of setting time, whey protein concentrate (WPC), and calcium chloride (CaCl₂) on textural properties of silver carp surimi were investigated. Response surface methodology was used to evaluate and compare the effects of setting time (30–90 min), WPC (1–9% of protein ratio), and CaCl₂ (1–59 mmol/kg) on the gel strength. Models for breaking force, breaking distance, and gel strength of surimi gel were established. The maximum gel strength was achieved at the setting time of 60 min, WPC and CaCl₂ at 5% protein ratio, and 15–18 mmol/kg. CaCl₂ was the most significant factor affecting the gel strength.     

不同饲料原料对草鱼生长和肌肉品质的影响

分别以专用配合饲料、浸泡蚕豆、浸泡豌豆喂养体质量为(1540.9±57.5)g的草鱼(Cteno-pharyngodon idellus)90d,以考察不同原料对草鱼生长和肌肉品质的影响。结果表明,配合饲料组、浸泡蚕豆组和浸泡豌豆组草鱼的增重率分别为17.3%、13.7%和12.2%,饵料系数分别为5.00、4.09和5.08,三种原料对草鱼的脏体比、肝体比没有显著影响;与普通草鱼相比,三种原料组草鱼肌肉粗脂肪含量和肌肉失水率显著降低(P0.05),胶原蛋白含量和肌原纤维长度显著增加(P0.05)。上述结果表明,三种原料均可显著改善草鱼肌肉品质;与浸泡蚕豆组相比,专用配合饲料组显著提高了草鱼的生长性能。     

鲢肠道淀粉酶的分离纯化及部分性质研究

以鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)加工下脚料为原料,分离提纯其中的淀粉酶并对其部分性质进行了研究。结果表明经多级分离,得到了一种相对分子质量约2.15×104的淀粉酶,命名为SCIG1。SCIG1是鲢肠道淀粉酶的一种,酶活性的最适温度为30℃,最适pH5.5。     

黑龙江和长江散鳞镜鲤群体的种质差异分析

本文检测分析黑龙江和长江地区散鳞镜鲤Cyprinus carpio群体的主要生物学特征、生长性能、生化遗传特性。结果表明:长江群体后代鳞被分离较大;全长/体长、体长/体高、体长/体厚、体长/头长、体长/头高、头长/头高、尾柄长/尾柄高等可量性状差异显著。黑龙江群体较长江群体在1龄鱼阶段具有生长优势,2龄鱼生长无明显差异。2个群体1龄和2龄鱼的成活率无明显差异。测量不同酶在不同组织中的活性,结果发现长江散鳞镜鲤与黑龙江散鳞镜鲤在酯酶和乙醇脱氢酶的谱带活性具有一定的差异,淀粉酶、超氧化歧化酶、苹果酸脱氢酶及其他酶的带型和活性差异不明显。     

鲤鱼棘头虫病的病理及预防

本文报导了病鱼的组织(肠、肝、胰、肾)病理变化,及血液(血清的钠、钾、氯化物、肌酐、尿素氮、谷草转氨酶总活力及谷草转氨酶同工酶。白细胞血式)病理变化,从而阐明了引起病鱼慢性死亡,而累计死亡率又高达60％的机理。查明了病原(崇明长棘吻虫)的中间寄主是模糊裸腹溞,找到了用生石灰或漂白粉清塘、在发病地区用鱼种池培育的鲤鱼鱼种的有效预防方法。     

Technical efficiency of carp production in Nepal: An application of stochastic frontier production function approach*

Abstract

Modern aquaculture is a relatively new activity among Nepalese farmers and a small contributor to the economy. Given the abundance of water resources and fish species, rising demand for fish, and its high profitability, aquaculture has potential for future expansion if it is given appropriate attention from the government. In Nepal, productivity in aquaculture is much lower compared to other countries in the region, which suggests that there is potential for increased fish production through technological progress and improvement in farm‐level technical efficiency. However, no formal analysis has yet been conducted to assess the productive performance of Nepalese aquaculture and its potential for future improvement. Against this background, this paper examines the technical efficiency and its determinants for a sample of fish pond farms from the Tarai region of the country using a stochastic production frontier involving a model for technical inefficiency effects. The estimated mean technical efficiency is 77%, with intensive farms being more efficient than extensive farms. The adoption of regular fish, water, and feed management activities has a strong positive effect on technical efficiency.