野牡丹粉对仔猪黄痢的防治效果研究

[目的]探索野牡丹粉对仔猪黄痢的防治效果。[方法]用野牡丹粉和氟哌酸饲喂母猪,对哺乳仔猪黄痢进行预防治疗试验。[结果]用40 g/头、50 g/头野牡丹粉拌料和西药氟哌酸拌料饲喂母猪对哺乳仔猪黄痢的治疗效果,差异不显著(P0.05)。45 g/头野牡丹粉拌料和西药氟哌酸拌料饲喂母猪对哺乳仔猪黄痢的预防效果,差异极显著(P0.01)。用野牡丹粉拌料饲喂母猪对哺乳仔猪黄痢的预防效果比治疗效果要好。[结论]该研究为用野牡丹粉拌料饲喂母猪对哺乳仔猪黄痢进行预防和治疗提供参考。     

Synergistic induction of wheat stem rust appressoria by chemical and topographical signals

The leaf alcohols cis -3-hexen-1-ol and trans -2-hexen-1-ol have been previously shown to induce the wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) to differentiate appressoria in a complex axenic culture medium. In this paper, the possible role of these chemicals in appressorium induction during infection has been analysed further. The inductive potential of ethylene and three cutin monomers were also tested because they have been found to induce appressoria in other fungi. Both hexenols were found to be inductive in aqueous solution in the absence of media constituents. 0.5–1 m trans -2-hexen-1-ol was the most inductive resulting in a maximum of 51% appressorium differentiation. trans -2-hexen-1-ol was also shown to be inductive in vapour form. In aqueous solution, trans -2-hexen-1-ol acted synergistically with topographical signals by increasing the rate of appressorium induction. Combining the two signals also increased the total number of appressoria differentiated (88%). The other chemicals tested were non-inductive although a biochemical domain rich in exposed cutin was localized around stomatal apertures of wheat leaves. The characteristic bipolar morphology of appressoria formed over stomata was found to be determined by topographical signals. Overall, our data support a role for both chemical signals (hexenols or their analogues) and topographical signals being involved in appressorium induction by wheat stem rust.     

Studies on the origin,spread, and evolution of an important group ofPuccinia recondita f. sp.tritici pathotypes in Australasia

Wheat brown rust pathotype (pt) 104-2,3,(6),(7), 11 was first detected in Australasia in Victoria during 1984. Although it appeared similar to a pre-existing pathotype, 104-2,3,6,(7), detailed greenhouse test revealed nine pathogenic differences between the two rusts. Six differences involved contrasting virulence/avirulence for the resistance genes/specificitiesLr12, Lr27+Lr31 andLr16, and three uncharacterised genes, present in the wheat cultivars Gaza and Harrier, and in triticale cultivar Lasko. Differences in partial virulence between the pathotypes were found for the genesLr2a, Lr13 andLr26. A comparison of the phenotypes for 13 isozyme systems in the two pathotypes revealed two differences, including aPgm2 allele in pt 104-2,3,(6),(7),11 not found in other contemporary AustralasianPuccinia recondita f. sp.tritici pathotypes. On the basis of these differences, it was concluded that pt 104-2,3,(6),(7),11 was introduced into the Australasian region before or during 1984.Seven variants of pt 104-2,3,(6),(7),11, that differed by single virulences, were detected during 1984–1992. Pt 104-2,3,(6),(7),11 and a derivative pathotype with virulence forLr20 underwent rapid increases in frequency, largely displacing pathotypes which predominated before 1984. Although first detected in eastern Australia, both pathotypes spread to New Zealand, and the derivative pathotype appeared in Western Australia. The rapid spread and increase of these pathotypes could not be explained by host selection. Pt 104-2,3,(6),(7),11 and derivatives may therefore be more aggressive than other contemporary Australasian pathotypes.Abbreviations NSW New South Wales - Prt Puccinia recondita f. sp.tritici - Qld Queensland - SA South Australia - WA Western Australia     

冬小麦品种北京837抗叶锈病基因的染色体定位研究

 1990~1993年间,引用中国春全套单体系列和抗叶锈病小麦近等基因系(或单基因系)为材料,采用单体遗传分析和基因推导相结合的方法,对冬小麦品种北京837抗叶锈病基因进行染色体定位研究,明确其对生理小种叶中1号的抗性系由分别位于染色体1B和6B上的两个显性互补基因所控制。位于1B染色体上的基因可能是Lr26,位于6B上的可能是Lr3a,二者可抵抗我国小麦叶锈菌群体中的部分生理小种(或毒性基因组合)。     

宁夏黄河干流流域开发初探

<正> 流域是指河流的集水区,它是地表分水线包围的区域。流域及其管理,已经引起世界各国决策者的极大关注(K.W.Easter et al,1986)。本世纪,世界各地进行了许多流域开发工作,田纳西流域开发便是流域开发成功的典范。我国广泛开展了大小流域的整治,但对于大河流的综合开发,虽有一些学者作过理论研究(张思平等,1989;张文合,     

我国大麦条锈病菌的生理分化

 我国大麦条锈病主要由条形柄锈菌大麦专化型引起,病菌有明显的生理分化。对西藏大麦条锈菌鉴别寄主进行扩充改进,初步建立了一套在我国较为适用的大麦条锈菌鉴别寄主,由7个品种组成:喜马拉6号、矮秆齐、早熟3号、永1394、永802、科品2号、辉县红(小麦)。这套鉴别寄主可清楚地将大麦专化型和小麦专化型区分开;并将采自西藏、青海、甘肃、陕西和河南5省区的40个大麦专化型菌系区分为4个毒性类型。以毒性中等的大麦型1号和毒性较弱的大麦型2号分布较广,大麦型3号和大麦型4号则只见于西藏的标样中。     

南江黄羊体重体尺性状的RAPD分析研究

选用4种扩增多态性良好的RAPD引物,对45只南江黄羊基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,对多态标记结果应用SPSS统计之星软件进行统计分析。结果表明:南江黄羊基因组多态频率为84%。RAPD多态标记条带与体重紧密连锁的标记有CY0816引物扩增的ABCF片段和F09引物扩增的ABDF片段,这两种标记组合对体重的贡献率分别为32.6%和28.9%;与体长(A1)、胸围(A3)和胸深(A5)紧密连锁的标记有CY0816引物扩增的ABF片段和F09引物扩增的ABEF片段,其贡献率均在24.2%～28.9%之间。     

实施草原黄牛攻关课题推广黄牛冷配改良技术

从2001年度开始,扎鲁特组织实施草原黄牛攻关课题,全面推行黄牛冷配改良工作,本年度在全旗共布设黄牛冷配改良站(点)487处,培训技术人员1130人次;组群适龄母牛69740头,实配母牛58907头,受配率达84．5％,情期受胎率达84．7％,繁殖成活率达67．9％;冷配改良犊牛每头新增值500元,农牧民养牛户人均新增收入200元,纯经济效益达1150．854万元,达到扎鲁特旗首创、行业先进、效益显著要求,有力推动了以黄牛为主畜牧主导产业的稳步发展。     

饲粮代谢能水平对22～42日龄黄羽肉鸡体成分和能量、粗蛋白质沉积率影响的研究

试验以岭南黄鸡为代表 ,研究饲粮代谢能水平对 2 2～ 4 2日龄黄羽肉鸡体成分和能量、粗蛋白质沉积率的影响。试验结果表明 ,随饲粮代谢能水平提高 :①试鸡空体粗脂肪和能量含量呈线性增加 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1) ,而空体粗蛋白质含量无显著变化 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;②试鸡腿肌粗脂肪含量增加 (P <0 .0 1或P >0 .0 5 ) ,到处理 3组达到峰值 ,以后略有下降。胸肌粗脂肪含量变化不显著 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,也无规律 ;③饲粮代谢能水平对雌性试鸡能量沉积率有显著影响 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,粗蛋白质沉积率无显著变化 (P >0 .0 5 )。     

黄河源区天然草场的植被类型及其特点

在广泛调查的基础上,对黄河源头区天然草场中的高寒草原、高寒灌丛、高寒沼泽与水生植被、高寒沼泽草甸、高寒草甸、高山垫状植被、高山冰缘和流石坡稀疏植被等主要草场植被类型的分布范围、群落结构和组成及其年轻性、脆弱性、敏感性、原始性、典型性等特点进行了论述,最后提出了对黄河源区天然草场植被保护的意见。