落叶松褐锈病锈寄生菌抑病机理的研究

调查和镜检验证了落叶松褐锈病菌被重寄生菌寄生的前、中、后期的病理过程，并进行了病理解剖和摄像。锈寄生菌纯培养株系对枯草杆菌和玉米小斑病菌均有拮抗作用，该菌培养液在ＰＤＡ＋大豆煮汁的液体培养基、２８℃、暗光下、１２０ｒ／ｍｉｎ的电动摇床上，培养５ｄ（或７ｄ）该寄生菌的发酵液性能最佳。以原发酵液浓缩至５倍的培养液为样品，不接菌的空白培养液为对照，进行高效液相色谱法测定，结果呈现３个吸收峰。该菌发酵液对     

黄犊牛腹泻与草料矿物质维生素含量的研究

淮北地区黄牛的饲草饲料中，钙、磷、铁、锌、硒、维生素E和维生素D含量的测定结果表明，各种饲草饲料中硒含量较低，均属低硒饲草饲料，且硒与维生素E呈正相关（r＝0.72），钙、磷比例严重失调，锌含量偏低。这一结果对探讨黄犊牛腹泻的病因有一定指导意义。     

水竹杆锈病防治试验

水竹杆锈病是水竹生产中的重要病害。通过3年防治试验,结果表明:连年加强水竹栽培管理,使营林措施科学化是控制本病的有效措施。粉锈灵等化学农药有一定防效,在发病中心使用,见效快,效果好,有防治本病扩展蔓延的作用。通过抗性测定,假毛竹不感染锈病,且材质坚韧,纹理细密,篾性好,适于编织凉席,可推广应用。两种细菌(Tsc_1和Tsc_2)防治竹杆锈病的效果有待进一步研究。     

关于长江上游黄河上中游天然林资源保护工程区实施人工林商品性采伐的思考

通过对工程区内人工林资源和现行采伐管理政策的分析,探讨了对人工林实施商品性采伐的必要性、政策建议和有效的保障措施。     

宁夏黄灌区专用青贮玉米品种生产性能和营养价值研究

为给宁夏黄灌区选择优良的专用型青贮玉米,采用随机区组设计,在宁夏黄灌区对引进的5个国外品种(CLO131、CLO132、CLO133、CLO134和CLO135)和1个本地品种(金刚青贮50)生产性能、营养成分、干物质和中性洗涤纤维体外消化率进行分析。结果表明:1)引进品种能在宁夏黄灌区正常生长,无大面积病虫害发生。2)品种间株高差异显著(P<0.05),所有引进品种株高低于对照品种(300.3cm),CLO132株高最高,为291.7cm,CLO133株高最低,为254.3cm。对照品种产量为5786.6kg·hm^-2,高于所有引进品种,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)品种间粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维和淀粉含量差异显著(P<0.05),CLO135粗蛋白含量最高,为9.23%;对照组中性洗涤纤维含量最高为33.43%,CLO132、CLO134和CLO135中性洗涤纤维含量均低于30%;引进品种CLO135淀粉含量最高为43.11%;对照品种与引进品种酸性洗涤纤维、粗脂肪、粗灰分和木质素含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。不同品种钙含量差异显著(P<0.05),对照品种钙含量为0.44%高于引进品种。4)品种间体外干物质消化率和中性洗涤纤维消化率差异不显著(P>0.05),CLO135体外干物质消化率和中性洗涤纤维消化率较高,分别为89.08%和58.17%。综合评价得出适宜宁夏黄灌区种植专用型青贮玉米品种顺序为CLO135>CLO134>CLO131>CLO132>CLO133>CK,CLO135作为专用型青贮玉米在宁夏黄灌区进行推广具有最大潜力。     

黄羽肉鸡实验性感染火鸡组织滴虫后体内虫体的动态分布

为研究火鸡组织滴虫感染黄羽肉鸡后在其体内的动态分布,本研究将JSYZ-A株虫体通过泄殖腔感染15日龄苏禽黄羽肉鸡,在感染后1d^34d内,每3d迫杀5只感染鸡,采集其不同组织脏器样品,并对样品进行PCR检测。结果显示,火鸡组织滴虫主要靶器官为肝脏和盲肠。感染后4d,感染鸡肝脏和盲肠中检测到虫体特异性基因,感染后13d和16d虫体检出率即达到100%,之后检出率逐渐降低,一直持续到感染后34d还能检测到虫体特异性基因。感染后10d^22d从鸡十二指肠、直肠和脾脏能够检测到虫体特异性基因。感染后13d^19d从鸡腺胃和空肠、心脏均检测到虫体特异性基因。感染后19d从鸡肺脏检测到虫体特异性基因,并且呈现一过性感染。感染鸡的胰腺、脑、肾脏和睾丸组织在整个实验过程中并未检测到虫体DNA。上述结果为临床火鸡组织滴虫致病机理的研究、诊断奠定了基础。     

不同青贮玉米品种抗病性评价

对10个青贮玉米品种自然发病情况进行调查,并采用病级分类方法对抗病性分类。结果表明:对锈病表现抗性和中抗的品种有3个和5个,分别占供试品种的30%和50%;对大斑病表现抗性和中抗的品种有4个和5个,分别占供试品种的40%和50%;对褐斑病表现抗性和中抗的品种有6个和3个,分别占供试品种的60%和30%;对小斑病表现抗性和中抗的品种有6个和3个,分别占供试品种的60%和30%。多数品种对青贮玉米4种病害抗性表现较好,可从青贮玉米供试材料中选用优良抗病材料用于四川地区种植。     

Disease severity and pathotype dynamics of Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici in Denmark

Disease severity of wheat yellow rust, Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici , was analysed in Denmark from 1985 to 1999 in relation to the effects of weather on winter survival, distribution of host cultivars and pathotype dynamics. Below-average temperatures in January and February (midwinter) reduced yellow rust on the susceptible cv. Anja, and in three of four growth seasons following cold winters no yellow rust was observed on any cultivar under natural conditions. The agronomic consequences of dispersal of yellow rust urediniospores from external sources to Denmark, in a period during which large areas were planted with relatively few wheat cultivars, were demonstrated in several cases, most evidently when the Yr9 and Yr17 resistance genes became ineffective. Yr9 was overcome by the pathogen in a period with severe yellow rust epidemics on commercial cultivars, while virulence for Yr17 was first observed in a year with almost no yellow rust. In contrast, the resistance in cv. Kraka ( Yr1, CV ) was increasingly effective in controlling yellow rust, because pathotypes with the matching combination of virulence declined in the pathogen population. Pathotype frequency dynamics were thus influenced by selection forces within the country, and by selection forces in areas where spores were spread to Denmark from outside. The importance of a sufficient level of partial resistance in the wheat germplasm to prevent too much damage by yellow rust epidemics, in the event that the resistance genes are overcome by the pathogen population, is emphasized.     

黄河三角洲饲用玉米引种筛选试验初报

选择不同的饲用型玉米(Zea mays)品种(系),粮饲兼用型玉米品种作对照,进行引种试验,通过观测其生育期、农艺性状、抗性、鲜草产量、干草产量等,筛选适合黄河三角洲地区夏播种植的饲用型玉米品种。结果表明,除雅玉青贮26外,供试青贮玉米品种(系)鲜草产量都高于对照品种,桂青贮1号鲜草产量较高(69 802.5kg·hm~(-2)),茎秆强韧抗倒,茎叶比较小(1.833),饲用品质好。综合分析认为,桂青贮1号适合在黄河三角洲地区作为饲用玉米主栽品种夏播推广种植。     

Effects of Chinese yellow wine on homocysteine-induced dysfunction in rat endothelial progenitor cells

AIM: To investigate whether Chinese yellow wine has influences on homocysteine (Hcy)-induced dysfunction in rat endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). METHODS: Rat bone marrow was extracted to harvest mononuclear cells (MNCs) by density gradient centrifugation. The MNCs were plated on fibronectin-coated culture dishes, and were induced into EPCs by EGM-2 complete medium supplemented with cell growth factor. The adherent cells were collected 7 d later for all studies. EPCs were characterized as adherent cells double positive for DiI-ac-LDL uptaking and lectin binding by direct fluorescent staining under a laser scanning confocal microscope. The viability, migration, apoptosis and in vitro vasculogenic activity of the EPCs were determined by MTT assay, Transwell chamber assay, apoptosis kit and in vitro vasculogenesis kit, respectively. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the viability, migration and in vitro vasculogenic capacity of the EPCs in Hcy group were significantly decreased (P<0.01). Compared with Hcy group, yellow wine group and red wine group both significantly improved the viability, migration and in vitro vasculogenic capacity of Hcy-induced EPCs (P<0.01). Compared with control group, yellow wine group and red wine group both significantly improved the above-mentioned functions of EPCs (P<0.05). However, no significant difference of apoptosis in all groups was observed. CONCLUSION: Hcy may result in dysfuction of EPCs. Treatment with yellow wine improves Hcy-induced EPC functions.