西吉县小麦丰产抗锈病品种综合分析选优

2003~2005年进行了冬春小麦42个水旱地品种的比较试验,运用灰色关联综合评价方法,筛选出西吉县丰产抗条锈病品种:冬小麦水地品种静冬9717、静冬941、静冬9718,旱地品种8802、陇原935、陇原992综合性状较好且抗条锈病;春小麦水地品种宁春4号、802-15、定丰806;旱地品种93-163-6、陇春8139-2综合性状较优,除宁春4号较易感条锈病外,其它品种均抗锈病。抗病品种比感病品种提高产量15.40%~61.12%。建议今后在西吉县大面积推广种植这些品种时,水浇地要特别注意宁春4号品种的条锈病预测及防治工作。     

Histological investigation of stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici) development in resistant and susceptible wheat cultivars

The wheat cultivar Kariega expresses complete adult plant resistance against stripe rust, whereas cv. Avocet S is susceptible. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy, initial fungal penetration into flag leaves was identical in both cultivars, with directional germ-tube growth towards stomata that were penetrated without the formation of an appressorium, followed by differentiation of a substomatal vesicle, infection hyphae, haustorial mother cells and haustoria. During the following 4 days, further fungal development occurred more quickly in the resistant than in the susceptible cultivar. However, by 7 days postinoculation (dpi) the situation changed, with exponential growth of the pathogen occurring only in the susceptible line. Induced cellular lignification, a typical defence reaction of cereals, was observed at 4 dpi in the resistant cultivar, and 2 days later lignified tissue completely surrounded the fungal colonies. In the susceptible cultivar, isolated lignified host cells occurred at 6 dpi, and long, unbranched fungal hyphae outgrowing the resistance reaction were observed.     

白耳黄鸡生产性能和肉质性状的研究

对白耳黄鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、常规肉质、胸腿肌化学成分、肌肉组织学特性、胸肌氨基酸和脂肪酸含量等指标进行了研究。白耳黄鸡公母鸡的屠宰率、胸肌率、腿肌率、蛋白质含量、氨基酸总量、腹脂率、人体必需氨基酸含量、必需脂肪酸含量等分别为89.23/90.18%,16.65/18.09%,22.37/21.91%,23.64/25.30%,206.29/218.8mg/g,1.64/2.39%,92.78/96.75mg/g,30.69/29.52%。结果表明,白耳黄鸡的各指标都表现优良,其具有屠宰性能好,肉质优良,必需氨基酸和脂肪酸含量高,腹脂率低等特点,是一个值得推广的地方优良品种。     

大豆锈病研究现状与进展

大豆锈病近年在东南亚、南美洲发展迅速,对大豆生产威胁越来越大,尤其2004年11月登陆美国大陆,更引起大豆研究者、大豆生产国和进口国的极大关注。本文介绍了近年国际上大豆锈病的研究进展,主要包括大豆锈病的发现、地理分布、病原、症状、寄主范围、病原菌生理分化和防治技术研究等。     

网纹甜瓜新品种金蜜龙的选育

金蜜龙网纹甜瓜是天津科润蔬菜研究所选育的网纹甜瓜新品种。果实发育期50d,单果重1.5kg左右;果皮黄色,果面覆中等均匀网纹,果形指数1.2;果肉橙色,肉质脆嫩多汁,风味清香,中心可溶性固形物含量16%,肉厚3.9cm。商品率高,耐贮性好,适宜春季设施栽培。2006年10月通过国家甜瓜新品种鉴定。     

福建黄兔开发利用及配套技术研究

福建黄兔是福建省优良地方畜禽品种,2006年已被列入国家级畜禽遗传资源保护名录。福建黄兔具有耐粗饲、繁殖性能好、抗病力强等优点,其野性强,肉质口味好,药用价值高,但因其体型小,生长速度慢,影响了经济效益和保种利用。通过研究养殖配套技术:中草药免疫调节剂的研究应用、高产优质牧草栽培生产技术、福建黄兔的保健功效开发研究、实施“兔-沼-草(果)”工程模式,探索一条提高养兔经济效益,进而促进保种工作的新思路。     

小麦LRR类抗病相关基因及其cDNA 3′末端的克隆与分析

抗病基因克隆对于培育抗病作物品种和研究病原物与寄主之间相互作用机制具有重要意义。目前,已经从多种植物中成功克隆了48个抗病基因[1]。从这些克隆的基因及其所揭示的产物结构和功能看,已克隆的植物抗病基因在氨基酸水平上表现了一定程度的相似性,在一些区段高度保守[2,3],这一特性使得同源克隆成为可能,目前已广泛用于植物抗病基因及其同源物的分离。其中Lr10是利用该技术获得成功克隆的首次报道[4]。cDNA末端快速扩增技术(rapid amplification ofcDNA ends,RACE),是一种从低丰度转录本中快速扩增cDNA5′和3′末端简单而有效的方…     

甘蔗锈病研究进展

甘蔗锈病是甘蔗上的重要病害之一,近年来在我国的为害有逐年扩大和加重的趋势。为此,综述了甘蔗锈病的分布与为害、症状类型与特点、病原种类与特征及其系统发育学、病害发生规律、预测预报及综合防治方面的最新研究进展,并提出了今后研究的方向。     

Chromosomal Location of Genes for Resistance to Puccinia striiformis in the Wheat Line TP1295 Selected from the Cross of Soissonais-Desprez with Lemhi

Crosses of a wheat line TP1295 with the cultivar Chinese Spring monosomic series were used to locate, on chromosome 1D, a major gene for resistance to isolate WYR 85-22 of race 6E0 of Puccinia striiformis. The gene is designated as Yr25 and is probably present in several of the cultivars currently widely used for differentiating races of this pathogen. The expression of the gene was modified by the environment and by at least one minor gene which may be located on chromosome 6A. In F2 and F3 generations from a cross between TP1295 and euploid Chinese Spring, a wide range of variation in infection type (IT) was observed. This precluded the classification of the plants as either resistant or susceptible, so they were assigned to 6 classes and analyzed by factorial correspondence analysis and non-hierarchical classification. When all F3 plants in a family were fully resistant, like TP1295 itself (IT ;), both Yr25 and the modifying gene were assumed to be present and homozygous. In environments favourable to expression of the gene, families thought to carry Yr25 alone had a distribution of ITs from fully resistant (IT ;) to intermediate (IT 2, rarely 3 or 3+). This F3 analysis indicated that use of IT data alone, in the monosomic analysis, would not reveal the chromosomal location of the genes and that chromosome counting of numerous plants was necessary. As well as indicating the chromosomes carrying the genes for resistance to isolate WYR 85-22, the data showed that plants monosomic for chromosomes 5B and 5D were more resistant than the corresponding disomics, indicating that these chromosomes promote susceptibility and supporting other evidence of the effects of these chromosomes on yellow rust resistance.     

黄河流域旱涝灾害的时空分布特征

本文以月降水距平为指标,根据黄河流域典型台站４０年的降水资料,对黄河流域旱涝灾害的时空分布特征进行了分析,并进行了区域划分。