河南长江流域防护林工程水土保持效益评价

涵养水源和保育土壤是森林的主要生态功能。通过采用森林生态系统服务功能实物量、价值量评估方法对长防林工程实施区域森林的水土保持效益进行的评价,结果表明,长防林工程实施后林地可调节水量12.936亿m3,固土0.135亿t,林地的水土保持效益价值达126.247亿元。经过20年的长防林工程建设,项目区内森林资源快速增长,水土流失面积大幅度减少,工程建设对生态环境的改善起到了明显的作用。     

黑龙江农垦齐齐哈尔管理局奶牛养殖小区饲养经营模式及效益的探析

对农垦齐齐哈尔管理局奶牛养殖小区的饲养经营模式及效益进行了调查,分析了奶牛小区建设给奶牛群带来的主要变化。通过分析不同模式奶牛小区生产经营状况,确定适合该地区奶牛业发展的奶牛小区经营模式。     

河南卫河流域脆弱性评价

结合卫河自身特点和地理环境建立13项指标体系,运用基于熵权的模糊数学模型对其脆弱性进行评价。结果表明,鹤壁的脆弱性为0.69,焦作为0.55,新乡为0.39,安阳为0.36,濮阳为0.23。最后针对评价结果分析了原因,提出了合理性建议和措施。     

根区滴灌对干旱山地苹果树生长发育和结实的影响

根区滴灌是将雨水促渗管与传统滴灌相结合而组装集成的一项节水灌溉新技术。为了探讨根区滴灌在山地果园的应用效果,为山地果园的栽培管理提供依据,本文以陕北米脂县6 a生山地红富士苹果树为研究对象,以世界公认的最佳苹果优生区洛川县的降雨量和土壤贮水量为灌水依据,分析了不同灌溉方式对苹果树萌芽、坐果、枝叶生长、果实发育和水分利用效率的影响,以及山地果园土壤水分达到优生区标准后与优生区苹果树生长结果的差异。结果表明,采用根区滴灌能有效提高苹果树的萌芽率和坐果率,萌芽率比传统滴灌提高了2.14%~2.76%,坐果率比传统滴灌提高了0.80%~1.42%;能有效促进苹果树新稍和叶片的生长,新稍长度比传统滴灌提高了1.44%~4.94%,百叶鲜质量比传统滴灌提高了2.13%~4.16%;能显著促进苹果树果实的生长,单果重比传统滴灌增大了7.05~14.99 g,优果率比传统滴灌提高了9.4%~14.7%;能显著提高水分利用效率,灌水量比传统滴灌节约了8.09%,水分利用效率比传统滴灌提高了10.62%~15.30%。可见,根区滴灌技术在陕北黄土丘陵区山地苹果生产中具有广阔的应用效果,但是,单纯依靠人为限量补水,山地苹果还不能达到优生区的生产水平。     

保定市一亩泉河河流中COD的变化及污染源分析

针对保定市城区水系管理委员会2017年3月公布的黑臭水体河流中的一亩泉河7.23km的黑臭水体段为参考进行了勘查、取样与COD实验工作,从2019年4月12日到2019年5月29日进行了为期一个半月的时间。研究结果表明:保定市一亩泉河河流不同位置COD大小不同、污染原因不同。通过周围景观的变化、对采样点附近居民进行的走访和COD浓度的测定,对一亩泉河的水质状况和污染源进行了全面系统地分析。并为此提出了切实可行、经济有效、便于管理的控制方案。     

甘肃黄河三峡景区旅游资源空间结构研究

旅游空间结构是旅游系统功能组织方式在空间上的投影或表象,其空间结构是否合理直接影响到旅游目的地旅游业的发展态势。黄河三峡景区凭借其丰富、独特的资源优势,已成为黄河流域最著名的景区之一。受河谷地带的基础性影响,其资源类型、空间结构、游览线路等表现出典型的空间特征,深刻影响着景区旅游空间格局。借助Arc GIS空间网络分析模块和Excel平台,对黄河三峡景区旅游资源空间结构进行定量分析,发现旅游资源空间分布呈集聚态势,基尼系数高达0.755,分布均匀度仅为0.245;采用最邻近指数和Voronoi多边形的变异系数分析空间分布类型;用地理集中指数和基尼系数分析空间分布均衡性,运用β指数、γ指数和α指数刻画空间连接度。结果表明:景区内旅游资源的空间分布均匀度低,呈多中心集聚分布。这既有利于景区内各景点之间的整合和旅游规模效应的产生,又可以减弱区间屏蔽作用等外部不经济性。景区内各景点之间的交通网络密度低,空间联系较弱,通达性较低。各景点之间的直接连接较少,旅游路线多为单线往返,缺少串联各个景点的环形线路。     

三岔子林区黄檗野生种群资源状况的调查与分析

以吉林省三岔子林业局不同林龄的林分为对象,调查与分析黄檗野生种群的资源状况,结果表明:单位面积活立木平均株数在幼龄林林分中占12.3%,在中龄林中占3.8%,在成过熟林中占2.6%,3个龄组林分的平均株数比例为6.2%;单位面积活立木平均蓄积在幼龄林林分中占7.3%,在中龄林中占2.4%,在成过熟林中占1.3%,3个龄组林分的平均蓄积比例为3.7%。     

Nutrient availability and corn growth in a poultry litter biochar‐amended loam soil in a greenhouse experiment

Nutrient‐rich biochar produced from animal wastes, such as poultry litter, may increase plant growth and nutrient uptake although the role of direct and indirect mechanisms, such as stimulation of the activity of mycorrhizal fungi and plant infection, remains unclear. The effects of poultry litter biochar in combination with fertilizer on mycorrhizal infection, soil nutrient availability and corn (Zea mays L.) growth were investigated by growing corn in a loam soil in a greenhouse with biochar (0, 5 and 10 Mg/ha) and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer (0, half and full rates). Biochar did not affect microbial biomass C or N, mycorrhizal infection, or alkaline phosphomonoesterase activities, but acid phosphomonoesterase activities, water‐soluble P, Mehlich‐3 Mg, plant height, aboveground and root biomass, and root diameter were greater with 10 Mg/ha than with no biochar. Root length, volume, root tips and surface area were greatest in the fully fertilized soil receiving 10 Mg/ha biochar compared to all other treatments. The 10 Mg/ha biochar application may have improved plant access to soil nutrients by promoting plant growth and root structural features, rather than by enhancing mycorrhizal infection rates.     

Soil organic carbon stock variability in the Northern Gangetic Plains of India: interaction between agro‐ecological characteristics and cropping systems

Soil organic carbon (SOC) content and its spatial distribution in the Northern Gangetic Plain (NGP) Zone of India were determined to establish the cause–effect relationship between agro‐ecological characteristics, prevailing crop management practices and SOC stock. Area Spread Index (ASI) approach was used to collect soil samples from the NGP areas supporting predominant cropping systems. Exponential ordinary kriging was found most suitable geo‐statistical model for developing SOC surface maps of the NGP. Predicted surface maps indicated that 43.7% area of NGP had 0.5–0.6% SOC, while the rest of the area was equally distributed with high (0.61–0.75%) and low (< 0.5%) SOC content levels. Averaged across cropping systems, maximum SOC content was recorded in Bhabar and Tarai Zone (BTZ), followed by Central Plain Zone (CPZ), Mid‐Western Plain Zone (MWPZ), Western Plain Zone (WPZ) and South‐Western Plain Zone (SWPZ) of the NGP. The SOC stock was above the optimum threshold (> 12.5 Mg/ha) in 97.8, 57.6 and 46.4% areas of BTZ, CPZ and MWPZ, respectively. Only 9.8 and 0.4% area of WPZ and SWPZ, respectively, had SOC stock above the threshold value. The variation in SOC stock was attributed largely to carbon addition through recycling of organic sources, cropping systems, tillage intensity, crop or residue cover and land‐use efficiency, nutrient‐use pattern, soil texture and prevailing ecosystem. Adoption of conservation agriculture, balanced use of nutrients, inclusion of legumes in cropping systems and agro‐forestry were suggested for enhancing SOC stock in the region.     

西双版纳南览河流域常见观赏蝶种及其寄主植物资源调查

西双版纳勐海县境内南览河流域具有良好的天然植被,蝴蝶种类繁多。为了开展重要观赏蝶种的人工繁育试验,2013—2018年对南览河中低海拔地带的常见观赏蝴蝶及其野生寄主植物资源开展了进一步的深入调查,结果表明,经过5年定点调查和沿线观察,在区域内发现兼具较高观赏价值及人工繁育潜力的蝶种46个;通过观察野外成虫的产卵活动,结合野外套袋及室内饲养幼虫,发现蝴蝶寄主植物38种,初步查明了相关蝶种的野生寄主植物资源。调查工作可为筛选出当地适生优良寄主植物、进一步开展相关蝶种的人工养殖试验提供参考。