竹子与中国园林

本文概述中国竹子园林史的基础上,介绍了园林竹类植物的各种分类法、竹类植物成景的各种方法及竹子园林建筑,同时对竹子园林应用开发的前景作出评价。     

浅谈日本福冈爱蓝岛城中央公园国际交流庭园

广州园是广州市政府应福冈市政府的邀请,在爱蓝岛城中央公园国际交流庭园展区中展览的岭南园林庭园。占地350m2。运用岭南园林的造园手法,以岭南民居、山池树石、诗文点染相结合,营造出“小中见大”、景观丰富的庭园,充分展现了岭南园林的艺术魅力。     

Forest vegetation of Xishuangbanna, south China

1 Introduction The tropical area of southern China is climatically and biogeographically located at the northern edge of tropical Asia, including southeastern Xizang (Tibet, lower valleys of the southern Himalayas), southern Yunnan, southwestern Guangxi, southern Taiwan and Hainan Island. The largest tropical area still covered by forests is in southern Yunnan. Tropical forests of southern Yunnan were little known until the late 1950s because of poor access except for some brief descrip-…     

西双版纳香荚兰荫棚种植的气象效应

根据2003年11月-2004年10月对云南西双版纳勐仑香荚兰种植基地的荫棚内外实测的气象资料, 初步分析香荚兰荫棚种植的光、温、湿效应:荫棚种植有效地遮挡了阳光直射,满足了香荚兰对光的需求; 而且荫棚内各种温度明显比棚外为高,弥补了当地年均温比原产地稍低的不足,有利于香荚兰安全过冬; 但棚内抑制植物生长的≥35℃的高温日数增加近30d,容易对香荚兰开花结荚有不利影响;荫棚对相对湿度的影响甚微。     

植物源农药的研究和应用进展

综述了植物源农药(包括植物源杀虫剂、植物源杀菌剂、植物源除草剂)的研究和开发应用现状。较详细地介绍了几种典型杀虫植物注要包括楝科植物、豆科鱼藤属植物、卫矛科植物)的杀虫机理和开发应用情况,并讨论了植物源杀虫剂今后研究的几个热点:生物技术在植物源杀虫剂研究中的应用;植物源光活化毒素的研究;杀虫植物资源的进一步调查研究。与植物源杀虫剂相比,植物源杀菌剂和除草剂的研究和应用要少得多。然而目前人们已经在植物体内发现许多具有杀菌、除草活性的物质,因此开发植物资源合成杀菌剂和除草剂具有巨大的潜力。     

古莲花池的历史沿革及景点的艺术特色

古莲花池始建于公元1227年,原名"雪香园".明代,因池中荷花经久不衰而得名"古莲花池".清代,曾作为乾隆、嘉庆、光绪三朝的行宫和慈禧的行宫御苑.清乾隆年间形成著名的"莲池十二景". 就莲花池现存景点探究其艺术特色,其充分体现了中国传统古典园林的造园手法.运用了障景、透景、对景、补景、借景、框景等造景手法.景观布局和配置上,古莲花池属于其园林空间相对较小,相关景物也集中,不甚远大,但造景得法,莲多满植水中,力求在有限的水域内造成无边之势,以扬其盛,取得"小中见大"的效果.在布局莲景与陆地景物的平面与空间关系上,古莲花池为集中式布置莲景的形式,并与周围建筑相互渗透、相互呼应,使莲景在园林和风景造景中变化丰富,意境深远.     

女诗人薛涛与望江楼公园

以纪念女性为主的园林是中国历史园林的特殊类型,理清其营建的动因和经验,是传承中国园林文化的重要补充。纪念唐代女诗人薛涛的望江楼公园,其兴建、发展、造景等方面与薛涛的人生经历、个性品行紧密结合。基于历史文献梳理和园林空间分析,剖析了望江楼公园的发展变迁历程,归纳了针对薛涛的园林景观的纪念性造景手法,从遗迹、植物、建筑、活动等方面分析了女诗人薛涛与望江楼公园之间相辅相成的关系。     

Leaf-litter decomposition of 15 tree species in a lowland tropical rain forest in Sarawak: dynamics of carbon,nutrients, and organic constituents

The effects of tree species on the dynamics of nutrient transformations during leaf-litter decomposition are not well understood in tropical rain forests. To examine differences in the dynamics of C, nutrients, and organic constituents during decomposition among tree species, the leaf-litter decomposition of 15 trees was assessed using a litter-bag method in a lowland tropical rain forest in Sarawak. The dynamics of C was parallel to that of weight loss. The dynamics of nutrients were grouped into three patterns. The dynamics of K was characterized by a high leaching loss in the initial stages, and that of Ca and Mg generally showed a gradual decrease over the course of decomposition. The dynamics of N and P showed highly different patterns with the weight loss, and was characterized by relatively higher remaining mass at the end of the experiment. The variations or exceptions of nutrient dynamics among tree species were considered to be related to the initial concentration of each nutrient. For the dynamics of organic constituents, water-soluble carbohydrates disappeared quickly at the initial stages, and acid-soluble carbohydrates were the second fastest decomposing fraction; the decomposition of acid-insoluble residue (AIS) was the slowest. The release of limiting nutrients (N and P) generally followed the disappearance of AIS, but was independent of the disappearance of AIS when the initial concentrations of these nutrients were very low.     

Characteristics and decomposition rates of pruning residues from a shaded coffee system in Southeastern Brazil

In the Zona da Mata Mineira of Southeastern Brazil the development of sustainable land requires the integration of crops with trees. The objectives of this study then were to (i) characterize prunings from the main tree species in an agroforestry system; (ii) determine the effects of the physical and chemical characteristics of the prunings on their decomposition patterns in the laboratory; (iii) assess the effect of mixing leaves of different species on decomposition rates; and (iv) propose a decomposition index for the residues studied. The study was carried out with pruning residues from Cajanus cajan, Solanum variable, Cassia ferruginea, Piptadenia gonoacantha, Croton urucurana, and Melinis multiflora. The materials were characterized for total C, N, P, Ca, Mg and K contents; lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and soluble polyphenols contents. The pruning residues had high polyphenols and lignin contents, high C:N and C:P ratios, and low contents of Ca, Mg, and K. The low decomposition rates of the prunings were related to the P, K, hemicellulose and polyphenol contents. The rates of N mineralization from most of the residues indicate that there is a potential to supply the needs of a crop of maize. The residues of some species, if decomposed alone, would not supply sufficient nutrients, and need to be mixed with leaves of other species.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

岩溶地区公路修建对景观物种流的影响研究

通过对湖南岩溶地区公路旁边的植被进行调查，以景观生态学原理为基础，对各样方的物种组成、物种多样性以及物种相似性进行分析比较，定量地研究岩溶地区公路修建对景观物种流的影响。结果表明，岩溶地区公路修建对景观物种流既有正面影响也有负面影响。由于公路建设对地表植被和土壤的大量破坏，使景观要素发生变化，致使景观斑块的比例结构发生变化，朝着多优势度的方向发展，从而有利于物种的流动；同时，公路作为大型构筑物，其在景观相邻组分之间增加了一道屏障，也起着阻碍物种流动的作用。