膨润土中硫酸盐还原菌对As和N的还原作用

通过微宇宙实验,探究厌氧条件下不同硫酸盐还原菌（Desulfovibrio vlugaris Miyazaki,SRB）活性、外源氮添加量和有机物对膨润土固-液体系中砷（As）和氮（N）形态及浓度的影响,以及二者间的联系。结果表明：与超纯水环境相比,在适宜SRB生长的标准培养液中,As （Ⅴ）从第0天就开始还原成As （Ⅲ）,在第7天时As （Ⅲ）达到1 947 μg·L^-1,明显高于超纯水环境中的As （Ⅲ）浓度（1 341 μg·L^-1）。同时,生物还原作用下3种不同细菌生长环境中的NO₂^-和NH₄⁺都有升高的趋势。在没有外源N添加的控制组,几乎检测不到As （Ⅲ）,而在低氮和高氮两种N水平的实验组中,As （Ⅲ）浓度分别高达427 μg·L^-1和1 341 μg·L^-1,成铵作用和反硝化作用随着N源的输入也变得明显。高低两种水平乙酸钠的添加极大地提高了As （Ⅴ）的还原量,得到的平均As （Ⅲ）浓度分别为控制组的2.0倍和2.5倍。但腐植酸的加入使得As（Ⅴ）还原量减少。进一步实验探究NO₂^-和As（Ⅲ）的关系,其实验结果显示：亚硝酸钠直接加入As （Ⅴ）溶液共存体系后,可在5 h内将As （Ⅲ）的浓度由低于检测范围提高至14.6 μg·L^-1,因此NO₂^-可以作为反应中的电子供体,直接参与As （Ⅴ）还原反应。     

Effects of three types of soil amendments on yield and soil nitrogen balance of maize-wheat rotation system in the Hetao Irrigation Area,China

Excessive fertilization combined with unreasonable irrigation in farmland of the Hetao Irrigation Area (HIR), China, has resulted in a large amount of nitrogen (N) losses and agricultural non-point source pollution. Application of soil amendments has become one of the important strategies for reducing N losses of farmland. However, there is still no systematic study on the effects of various soil amendments on N losses in the HIR. In this study, three types of soil amendments (biochar, bentonite and polyacrylamide) were applied in a maize-wheat rotation system in the HIR during 2015-2017. Yields of maize and wheat, soil NH₃ volatilization, N₂O emission and NO₃^- leaching were determined and soil N balance was estimated. The results showed that applications of biochar, bentonite and polyacrylamide significantly increased yields of maize by 9.2%, 14.3% and 13.3%, respectively, and wheat by 9.2%, 16.6% and 12.3%, respectively, compared with the control (fertilization alone). Applications of biochar, bentonite and polyacrylamide significantly reduced soil N leaching by 23.1%, 35.5% and 27.1%, soil NH₃-N volatilization by 34.8%, 52.7% and 37.8%, and soil N surplus by 23.9%, 37.4% and 30.6%, respectively. Applications of bentonite and polyacrylamide significantly reduced N₂O-N emissions from soil by 37.3% and 35.8%, respectively, compared with the control. Compared with application of biochar, applications of bentonite and polyacrylamide increased yields of maize and wheat by 5.1% and 3.5%, respectively. Our results suggest that soil amendments (bentonite and polyacrylamide) can play important roles in reducing N losses and increasing yield for the maize-wheat rotation system in the HIR, China.     

土壤中汞的化学形态及其影响因素

An investigation and on 13-year-old(1984-1996) Chinese fir and Tsoong‘s tree mixed forests in Jianou City,Fujian Province,China was carried out to compare the influences of different interplanting types of individual tree-tree,row-row,row-strip(three rows)and pure Chinese fir stands on soil properties.Compared with the pure stands of Chinese fir ,the mixed stands exerted a posivtive effect on soil fertility,with increases in soil organic matter,total N,available P and available K.Moreover,improvements were also observed in soil enzymatic activities ,aggregate structure,structure,stability,status of soil porosity,soil aeration and penetrability in miexd stands.The row-row interplanted stands had the best effect on tree growth and soil properties among these mixed forests.In the southern subtropical region,the spreading of the row-row mixing model of the two tree species would be helpful to preventin ghe soil from fertility deterioratio caused by successive plantation of Chineses fir.     

和龙膨润土对延边半细毛羊瘤胃微生态的影响

本实验利用四只带有永久性瘤胃瘘管的延边半细毛羊,采用交叉实验设计进行测试．体内实验表明,瘤胃液氨浓度实验组比对照组明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）,实验组的ＰＨ值比对照组显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）,ＶＦＡ的变化不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）．原虫蛋白浓度（Ｐ＜０．０５）、细菌蛋白浓度（Ｐ＜０．０５）和ＴＣＡ－Ｐ（Ｐ＜０．０１）较对照组都明显提高,瘤胃温度没有发现变化;体外实验表明,实验组的产气性能明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）,而瘤胃液中除淀粉酶（Ｐ＜０．０５）有显著提高外,脂酶、脲酶和纤维素酶的活性均无变化．在原虫种类的变化上,实验组的内毛虫数量较对照组明显增高,但双毛虫却明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）．     

冬季羔羊舍饲育肥中应用膨润土的试验研究

在玉米秸为主的日粮中每头添加膨润土１６ｇ／ｄ和羟甲基尿素２０ｇ／ｄ进行羔羊快速育肥试验。结果表明,羔羊日增重由对照组的６５．００ｇ提高到试验组的１２０．６３ｇ,二者差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。饲料转化效率提高４６．０１％。４０ｄ后羔羊瘤胃液ｐＨ值明显降低。膨润土能改善羔羊瘤胃消化代谢并促进羔羊生长。     

低聚糖运动饮料生产工艺研究

低聚糖率加入其重量１％的膨润土脱胶,经９５℃,１ｍｉｎ杀菌后,用来生产运动饮料,可解决产品易浑浊和易被微生物侵染的问题。正交试验结果表明：饮料中蔗糖,低聚糖和柠檬酸的质量分数分别为６％,２％和０．９％时,口感最好。     

信阳红色旅游资源的分布与开发

如何进一步开发和利用信阳的红色旅游资源,做大做强信阳的红色旅游产业,把丰富的红色资源转化为物质财富,使红色旅游成为信阳经济发展新的增长点,是一个值得深入探讨的重要问题。     

信阳毛尖茶中稀土和重金属元素含量及风险评估

为信阳毛尖茶的饮用安全提供科学依据,采用微波消解结合电感耦合等离子质谱法测定信阳毛尖茶中的16种稀土元素和9种重金属元素,并根据已有的文献报道对其进行风险评估。结果表明:信阳毛尖茶中稀土总量、铅、镉和铜的含量分别为0.785 6 mg/kg、0.875 6 mg/kg、0.072 2 mg/kg和18.855 6mg/kg,均低于国家现行标准。消费者饮用信阳毛尖茶摄入稀土、铅和镉的最大估算量分别为13.54×10-3 mg/d、2.14mg/d和0.04mg/d,分别占各自每日允许摄入量的0.306%、17.89%和10.06%。     

信阳红茶加工工艺与发展建议

对"信阳红"红茶加工的关键技术进行了研究,并对信阳红茶今后的发展提出建议。     

河南信阳市名优绿茶机械加工的现状与思考

综述信阳市名优茶机械加工的现状,分析指出机械化连续加工是信阳市名优茶生产发展的必然趋势,引进、研制开发新型的适制信阳毛尖名优茶加工机械,探索新型茶机械在名优茶加工中的应用技术,逐步实现信阳名优茶机械化、连续化、自动化和清洁化生产,进一步提升信阳名优茶生产的标准化、规模化和产业化程度。