Prediction of the Best Three-Breed Hybridized Combination of Imported Meat Sheep Using Genetic Polymorphism of Microsatellite DNA

The allelic frequency, the polymorphic information contents （PIC）, the number of effective alleles, the heterozygosity, and the genetic distances were studied in three imported meat sheep （Suffolk, Dorset, Texel） and their F1 crossbred obtained from those crossed with indigenous Small Tail Hun Sheep （Suffolk♂× Small Tail Hun Sheep, SH; Dorset ♂× Small Tail Han Sheep♂, DH; Texel♂× Small Tail Hart Sheep ♀, TH） using six microsatellite DNA loci. The perpormences of three-breed crossbred （Suffolk ♂× DH ♀, Suffolk ♂× TH ♀, Texel ♂× SH ♀, Texel ♂× DH ♀, Dorset ♂× TH ♀, and Dorset ♂× SH ♀ ） were tested. The results indicated that there were genetic polymorphisms at six microsatellite loci in six sheep populations. Six microsatellite loci could be used for genetic diversity evaluation in sheep populations. The order of three-breed heterosis by the analysis of genetic relationship from large to small was Texel ♂× DH ♀, Suffolk ♂× DH ♀, Suffolki ♂× TH ♀, Texel ♂× SH ♀, Dorset ♂×TH ♀, and Dorset ♂× SH ♀, which was in accordance with the testing results on actual heterosis. These results showed that prediction of the best three-breed hybridized combination among sheep breeds by microsatellite DNA polymorphism was feasible, which will have an important value on the reasonable utilization of introduced meat sheep and sheep breeding in our country in the future.     

绵羊MTNR1a基因mRNA表达量的季节性差异

本试验分别于春分、夏至、秋分和冬至4个节气,随机选择体况良好体重相近的蒙古羊8只,外科手术取下丘脑、垂体组织样品,采用RT-PCR方法对其褪黑素受体MTNR1a基因表达进行半定量分析.结果表明:绵羊MTNR1a基因表达存在明显的季节性节律,下丘脑MTNR1a基因表达量在夏至时最低,秋分时最高,春冬季节相近;垂体MTNR1a基因表达量在秋分时最低,夏至时最高,春冬季节也相近.     

绵羊BMPR-IB基因在分子标记育种中的应用效果

[目的]分析小尾寒羊、德国美利奴、德国美利奴(♂)和小尾寒羊(♀)杂交一代(简称DF1)共204 只个体的单核苷酸多态性及其与产羔数间的关系.[方法]以绵羊BMPR-IB 基因作为候选基因,采用PCR-sscp 检测方法.[结果]B等位基因在小尾寒羊、德国美利奴、德寒杂交一代中的频率分别为0.660、0.532和0.600,基因频率及基因型频率在3个群体间的分布差异不显著(P>0.05).BB、B+、++型的产羔数分别为2.86、2.27和2.08,BB 型显著高于B+ 和++ 型(P>0.05),B+ 型显著高于++ 型(P>0.05).[结论]在以小尾寒羊为母本的杂交育种过程中,B等位基因是有效的辅助标记基因.     

巴什拜羊瘦肉型新品系的培育及其生产性能分析

[目的]培育瘦肉型巴什拜羊新品系.[方法]纯巴什拜羊及其野生盘羊杂交培育的瘦肉型巴什拜羊新品系21的产肉性能数量性状指标、不同饲养季节的肉成分;同时,对体型外貌的遗传变异也进行了测量对比.[结果]两者在产肉性能上相差不大,但小尾型巴什拜羊新品系总脂肪比纯巴什拜羊减少3 910 g,瘦肉增加1 500 g,大腿肌厚和腰肌厚度各增厚0.5 cm,背部脂肪层减薄1 cm,腰部脂肪层减薄1.5 cm,脂臀减少85.3;,瘦肉增加14.2;,不同季节肉成分中总蛋白含量变化不大,但总脂肪和胆固醇含量变化幅度较大.[结论]新品系的体型野生基因占优势,毛质和毛色巴什拜羊占优势.     

新疆自治区农产品质量安全现状调查与思考

调查了新疆自治区25个城市的农产品质量安全现状,结果发现新疆农产品的质量存在不同程度的安全隐患问题,其主要原因有：农牧区地域辽阔,使农产品质量安全监督检验工作难以组织和开展;农牧区居民文化安全意识淡薄;市场监管体系不完善;质量安全检测体系不健全等.针对上述原因,提出了改善新疆农产品安全现状的措施建议,包括提高农牧民的农产品安全意识,建立健全农产品质量检测网络,理顺和完善市场监管机制和建立农产品质量安全风险评估机制.     

Valuing Potential Benefits of Research into the Biological Control of Californian Thistle （Cirsium arvense）： A Bioeconomic Model

The present research developed a bioeconomic model for control of Californian thistle （Cirsium arvense L. Scop.） in intensive, lowland sheep pastures in New Zealand. Production costs included two control methods： herbicides and defoliation, with defoliation encompassing both physical means and biocontrol measures. The model was used to examine the economic value of a research programme into biological control of the weed, given several different future scenarios. These scenarios were high herbicide prices, a price premium for lamb raised without chemical herbicides, and development of herbicide resistance. The model results were used to estimate national impacts. If the only change in the agricultural sector was the cost of the biocontrol to the nation＇s farmers, the research programme to find an effective biocontrol agent had little economic impact. If other factors changed, such as the price of petroleum or levels of herbicide resistance in the weed. the model＇s results suggested that intensive sheep farming could grow or shrink by as much as NZ$219 million dollars over five years. In the latter case, having an alternative control method reduced potential losses and increased potential gains, resulting in a net benefit of between NZ$81 million and NZ$153 million. This work extended prior research in several ways. First. Californian thistle reproduces via root buds, which affected the modelling of weed behaviour. Secondly, the model allowed optimistation over continuous levels of weed control for two different methods. Thirdly, the model accounted for both weed control and damage to nitrogen-fixing clover from herbicide use. Finally, the research investigated optimal weed control in several different alternative future states.     

新疆塔城地区近54年气温变化特征及趋势分析

[目的]分析塔城地区气温的变化特征。[方法]利用塔城、和布克塞尔、托里、乌苏4个典型气象站点1955～2008年的月平均气温资料,运用小波分析、气候趋势系数等方法,对塔城地区气温多时间尺度特征及其未来的变化趋势进行了分析。[结果]塔城地区多年平均气温为5.88℃,气温年际变化相对平稳,变差系数为0.130～0.265,极值比在1.73～3.79;气温序列分布呈现平顶峰型,年均气温相对较为离散。塔城地区气温存在5年、准9年和准14年的主周期;20世纪70年代处于冷期,平均气温仅为3.77℃,80年代是近54年来最暖年代,均温达8.10℃,90年代以来,相较80年代,塔城地区气温有所下降,但仍高于70年代,预计未来气温仍将会有所升高。塔城地区各区域年及四季平均气温均呈显著升高趋势,冬季升温最明显,幅度达1.15～2.05℃/10a,夏季升温速率最小为0.16～0.45℃/10a,年均气温变化速率为0.40～0.78℃/10a。[结论]塔城地区的气温变化对气侯变暖呈现正响应趋势。     

新疆设施栽培黄瓜内生细菌研究

[目的]研究新疆设施栽培黄瓜内生细菌,寻求安全有效的生物防治措施控制瓜类病害。[方法]对新疆设施栽培的黄瓜苗各组织的内生细菌进行了分离,并对黄瓜内生细菌的菌群组成和菌群密度进行了研究。[结果]黄瓜不同组织内生细菌的数量有所不同,根中最多（平均含量在2.38×105 CFU/gfw）,其次是叶片（1.12×105 CFU/gfw）,茎中较少（2.73×103 CFU/gfw）。不同品种中内生细菌种群密度差别不大,内生细菌含量为7.96×104～1.51×105 CFU/gfw。菌群由芽孢杆菌属、黄单胞菌属、欧文氏菌属、土壤杆菌属及短小杆菌属等组成,其中芽孢杆菌为优势种群,约占总分离菌株的51.9%,菌群多样性在不同品种间差异不显著。[结论]为寻找瓜类病害的生物拮抗因子奠定了基础。     

新疆农民增收潜力研究

为了测算在一定的生产力水平、种养规模等条件下新疆农民的增收潜力,利用Lingo软件建立线性规划模型,对新疆种植业、林果业、畜牧业进行结构优化,分析预测农业生产经营产值;再通过回归分析测算未来农民生产经营收入,从而确定农民的增收空间。结果表明,新疆农民纯收入将达到12 550元,较2010年增加7 907元。其中,农民农业生产经营收入预计可达到8 056元,占农民纯收入的71.33%。农业生产经营收入增长4 744元,对农民收入增长的贡献为64.19%。通过农业结构调整,新疆农业内部还具有一定的增收空间,这将是今后挖潜农民增收潜力的重要途径之一。     

小尾寒羊胚胎不同时期背最长肌的组织学研究

[目的]利用组织生物学方法对不同时期小尾寒羊背最长肌进行研究。[方法]以小尾寒羊为研究对象,利用组织切片技术从微观层面研究胚胎期不同阶段肌纤维生长发育的变化情况。[结果]肌纤维的密度随着时间的增长呈现下降的趋势,而肌纤维直径随着密度的降低而增加。胚胎前期胎儿增重不明显,而胚胎后期及出生后体重迅速增加,差异显著。[结论]该研究可为开展优质肉羊杂交育种工作积累基础性数据。