哈尔滨市曙光滨水公园的生态敏感性分析

在进行区域景观规划与设计时,首先应对规划区域进行生态敏感性分析。因高敏感区的环境承载能力低,对人类活动的干扰敏感性强,因此要根据不同的敏感性进行合理规划。生态敏感性分析作为理论成熟、应用广泛的技术方法,能够为城市规划提供科学有效的依据。该研究的公园地形起伏较大,全园坡向多样化,且马家沟河由北向南穿越项目场地,这些都成为公园景观规划与设计的限制性因素。采用GIS技术、层次分析法(AHP)和加权叠加法等方法,确定全园敏感因子及其权重。结果表明:高程、坡向、水域是曙光滨水公园的3个生态敏感性单因子;公园的高程处于中度和低度敏感等级,坡向处于中度敏感和不敏感等级,水域处于低度敏感与不敏感等级之间;3个生态敏感性单因子按不同权重叠加后,曙光滨水公园的生态极敏感、高度敏感、中度敏感、低度敏感和不敏感区域面积分别占园区总面积的0.54%、11.33%、37.47%、29.06%、10.80%;滨水公园的综合性生态敏感性等级为中度敏感和低敏感,利于景观规划设计与建设开发。     

西宁日光温室五个水果黄瓜品种的引进筛选

以5个水果黄瓜新品种为试材,比较分析其综合指标,进行引种筛选栽培试验。结果表明:荷兰迷你和夏美伦的综合性状理想,表现为生长势旺盛、连续坐瓜性强、结瓜数多、产量高、适口性好等优点,适宜西宁地区栽培,可以作为首选品种推广种植。月脂、寒月、金棚白皮由于其果皮嫩白色,可作为新特品种进行适量种植。     

Aspen patch and migratory bird relationships in the northern Yellowstone ecosystem

We evaluated the effects of aspen patch area and orientation (relative to North and an elevational gradient) on the early breeding season abundance and species richness of migratory and resident birds in the northern ungulate winter range of the Yellowstone ecosystem, USA. Using an information-theoretic model selection approach, we found patch area and basal area of aspen to be the most important covariates for long distance migrants, and patch orientation relative to elevational gradient the most important covariate for residents/short-distance migrants. Basal area of live aspen and aspen snags was marginally important for both migratory strategies, likely because aspen snags are an important habitat for most cavity-nesting species. Landscape ecological theory postulates passive interception of dispersing or migrating organisms by patches of suitable habitat. Our results suggest that residents/short-distance migrants are intercepted by patches that are oriented perpendicular to the elevational gradient of our study region resulting in greater abundances and species richness in those patches. However, long-distance migrants appear to use aspen patches without regard to orientation, but rather to patch area.     

武安国家森林公园几种树生叶状地衣显微结构观察

对采自武安国家森林公园的6种树生叶状地衣的标本,从外部形态和内部结构状况方面,进行综合研究。利用石蜡切片法对武安山区6种地衣的解剖结构进行了观察比较分析,最后运用统计学软件对相似性状进行分析得出聚类分析树状图。结果表明:6种地衣的基本结构具有相似性,均由上皮层、藻胞层、髓层、下皮层、假根组成;聚类分析表明,地衣各种之间的亲缘关系与地衣传统的分类系统相一致,能够为地衣的系统进化、分类鉴定提供理论依据。     

Exploring the urban park use,preference and behaviours among the residents of Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia

The understanding of cross-cultural upon park usage is vital to be enhanced among public since findings that been discovered in the Western context are not own any similarities with the Asian context. In fact, it has been in a long run for the Western nations to primarily contextualized and conceptualized much on the literature of park usage. This study aims to look at how the people use and perceive urban parks in their daily life in the Malaysian cultural context, and also highlights the constraints faced by Malaysians while using the urban parks in the city of Kuala Lumpur. A survey consisted of 669 urban park users as the sample of the study (365 men, 304 females) aged between 18 and 73 years (M = 34.85, SD = 11.46) were conducted in five urban parks in Kuala Lumpur. Respondents were recruited based on a random sampling method, which composed of three main ethnic groups in Malaysia. Malaysians wanted to use the urban parks for multiple purposes including active activities and others. Most of them would visit the parks and spend their time in a group consisting of family members or friends rather than alone. The percentage of respondent with 74.7% stated their reason of visiting the urban park in order “to get fresh air”, followed by the factor of reducing stress and relaxing with 69.7%; and the latter reason would be “to exercise, play games or keep in shape” with 61.4%. More than 80% of the respondents claimed the parks in Kuala Lumpur are safe to be visited. This is because, majority of the respondents tend to visit the parks in group of family or friends rather than alone. In addition, most of the respondents would run their activities in parks during the weekends, which simultaneously make them to enjoy their day in such comfortable and secure way. The findings of this survey would contribute to a better understanding of the present park usage of Kuala Lumpur residents. With a better understanding of current park-visiting habits, various constraints faced by the residents related to public security and safety, the Kuala Lumpur City Hall have been suggested to develop more comprehensive strategy in order to provide engagement and urban parks stimulation for its residents. In addition, this study is also fruitful for Kuala Lumpur future parks in terms of its development, design and management.     

徐州市迎宾园园林植物景观设计分析

选取徐州市近年新建的开放性公园绿地迎宾园为研究对象,采用每个案例现场逐步记录的调查方法,对植物配置方式进行调查记录;并通过对典型场景取样摄影以及实测绘图的方法,选取有代表性的区域进行实例分析.认为,迎宾园表现出了注重视觉景观形象和植物造景的进步性,但是在水体植物景观和构建植物空间方面略显不足.     

Hollows in jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) and marri (Corymbia calophylla) trees: II. Selecting trees to retain for hollow dependent fauna

From a sample of 665 hollows found in 154 jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) and 85 marri (Corymbia calophylla), we identified 204 hollows in 84 trees that were potentially suited to one or more of 10 species of hollow using birds and mammals. Occurrence of these hollows increased with tree age, tree size, and species (marri bore more usable hollows than jarrah) and increased amounts of dead wood in tree crowns. Hollow occurrence was most likely in trees with moderately senescent crowns with damage to intermediate sized branches, and the largest hollows were more likely to occur in more highly senescent crowns. Evidence of termite invasion at the tree butt was not related to occurrence of hollows. For all but one of the birds and mammals we considered, dead trees were no more likely than live trees to contain hollows.

Our study indicates that for the purpose of forest management planning, 130 years can be taken as the typical minimum age for the formation of usable hollows in jarrah and marri. The current minimum prescribed diameter for “habitat trees” (trees retained in logged areas to supplement existing hollows), which corresponds to a mean age of 171 years, is thus a realistic minimum size for these retained trees. We recommend raising the prescribed range of crown senescence for retained habitat trees to increase the probability of providing large hollows suited to large species such as red-tailed black cockatoo, and common brushtail possum, and maternal hollows used by smaller species. Retaining the largest trees with appropriate crown attributes will substantially increase the probability that these trees will bear usable hollows.     

辽河源国家森林公园的天然油松林

对辽河源国家森林公园天然油松林的结构、林木蓄积、死地被物贮量及其最大持水量进行了调查与研究.结果表明：油松林的植物种数为25种;林木蓄积量为655.410 m3/hm^2,死地被物贮量为17.7 t/hm^2 ;最大持水量为37.3 t/hm^2.     

Tropical tree community shifts: Implications for wildlife conservation

In tropical forest systems tree community change after initial succession (approximately 50-100 years) is very difficult to detect because of the very slow pace of transformation. Since the mid 1980s, there has been an accumulation of evidence that many forests traditionally considered old growth or mature forests have been disturbed. Using 18 years of data on forest change in Kibale National Park, Uganda, we tested the following hypotheses. Species that frequently recruit only into areas of large-scale disturbance (e.g., conversion to agriculture) (1) have a more strongly negative annualized rate of population change (i.e., recruitment is less than mortality) than trees recruiting into the understory or canopy treefall gaps and (2) these species are declining in their average cumulative diameter at breast height (DBH). Both hypotheses were verified. We then examined relationships between forest change and diets of the five diurnal primates in Kibale. The emergent patterns suggest that forest change will lead to declines in some species, particularly the black-and-white colobus (Colobus guereza). We concluded that what was considered mature forest in Kibale has actually been disturbed in the recent past, and we discuss how potential sources of disturbance (dry-periods, elephant population fluctuations, and human disturbance) may affect both forest change and animal populations. We assess how such information might be useful in forest management.     

鄱阳湖国家湿地公园网络关注度时空分布特征及其影响因素

以鄱阳湖国家湿地公园为研究对象,基于百度指数获取2013～2019年日均、月均、年均网络关注度数据,采用年际变动指数、季节性强度指数、地理集中指数、标准差椭圆等方法分析鄱阳湖国家湿地公园网络关注度的时空特征,并探究其影响因素。结果表明：(1)鄱阳湖国家湿地公园的年际网络关注度总体呈下降趋势;网络关注度的各月分布较分散,月份之间差异较大,表现出明显的“双峰”特征。(2)鄱阳湖国家湿地公园网络关注度在空间上呈集中分布,各省网络关注度极其不均衡,整体呈现东南部、中部关注度高,西部、西北部关注度低;且距离越近,网络关注度越高;网络关注度的重心总体呈现向东南方向移动的趋势,方向趋势明显。(3)气候舒适度、闲暇时间、当地特色活动举办时间和人口规模、经济发展水平、网络发达程度、两地间的空间距离分别是影响鄱阳湖国家湿地公园网络关注度时间和空间分布的重要因素。