桑沟湾养殖海带生长的模型预测

海带(Saccharinajaponica)是一种常见的大型经济褐藻,是海洋生态系统重要的初级生产者,也是我国北方沿海主要的养殖藻类。本研究旨在建立海带个体生长数值模型,并以此预测中国北方近海大规模筏式养殖条件下海带的生长情况。本研究以桑沟湾养殖海带为例,利用可视化模型软件STELLA描述海带生长的关键过程及其与环境参数的关系,以净生长量(N_(growth))=总生长量(G_(growth))–呼吸作用(resp)–枯烂(E_(kelp))为基本框架,模拟和预测海带的生物量和叶片长度变化。海带的总生长用光照、温度、盐度、海带体内营养盐(包括N和P)等强制函数定义,其中,光照参数来自桑沟湾气象记录,盐度、温度和营养盐为现场调查实测值。模型模拟桑沟湾养殖海带的长度与干重结果与实测值的拟合度R~2值分别为0.936、0.963,说明该模型能够很好反映海带的真实生长情况。可靠的个体生长模型是评估海带养殖容量的基础,并可为水产养殖区的空间规划提供决策依据。     

杭州湾南岸一线围垦海塘植物群落多样性研究

以杭州湾南岸一线新围垦海塘的自然植被为研究对象,通过群落学调查研究,分析群落的种类组成及其结构特征,探讨滩涂围垦地的植被更新及其潜力,结果表明:杭州湾南岸一线海塘植被可划分为2种外貌类型、4个群落类型。自然植被以灌丛植物群落为主,辅以少量草本群落。非地带性因素主导植被的发生和演替,短期内人工栽培耐盐碱树种是进行滩涂绿化的有效途径之一,而对潜在物种入侵需要进一步研究。     

辽东湾安氏短吻银鱼的生物学

安氏短吻银鱼Neosalanx andersoni(Randahl)曾为辽东湾早春的重要捕捞对象。本文对该鱼的形态特征、繁殖、食性、洄游等进行了调查，并对其分布、精巢数目、资源下降的原因以及繁殖保护的措施作了分析和讨论．     

引水对太湖贡湖湾有机污染时空变化的影响

外源输入与蓝藻水华是太湖水体有机污染的重要来源,为探究引江济太对太湖有机污染时空变化特征的影响,选取2013-2014年丰水期、平水期和枯水期,分析对比各季节望虞河引水期太湖贡湖湾西岸、湾心以及东岸水域叶绿素a、高锰酸盐指数以及总有机碳含量的时空差异。结果表明,引水期望虞河河水有机污染指标的浓度低于太湖水体,引水期从望虞河入湖口至贡湖湾口水域叶绿素a、高锰酸盐指数以及总有机碳含量均呈现递增趋势,引水能显著降低贡湖湾水体有机污染的含量。受东南季风与引水作用影响,夏季贡湖湾西岸叶绿素a含量与高锰酸盐指数显著高于其它水域;秋季引水对湖湾有机污染物相对削减率最高,叶绿素a、高锰酸盐指数与总有机碳含量相对削减率分别高达51.4%、83.4%和57.9%,冬季次之,夏季对叶绿素a的削减效果更为显著。望虞河引水对太湖有机污染的改善效应呈现显著的空间与季节性差异。     

环渤海湾地区主要梨园树体矿质营养元素状况研究

 以叶片矿质营养元素含量作为树体营养诊断的依据,对环渤海湾地区有代表性的203个梨园树体矿质营养状况及相应土壤养分状况进行了研究,结果表明：（1）该地区81% ~ 97%的梨园叶片P、Ca、Mg、Fe含量处于适宜状态,26% ~ 40%的梨园叶片N、K、Zn含量偏低。（2）除Mg、Zn外,不同梨树品种间叶片中矿质营养含量差异明显。与其它品种相比,苹果梨N、P含量较高,而K含量偏低;莱阳茌梨N含量较低,而P、K含量较高;砀山酥梨N、P、K含量均偏低。（3）初步筛选出N/P、Mg/P、Zn/P、K/Mg、Ca/Mg、Zn/Mg作为该地区梨园营养诊断与施肥建议综合法的营养诊断参数,低产梨园各元素需肥顺序大致为Mg > P > Ca > K > Zn > N > Fe。（4）土壤pH与梨树叶片中Ca、Mg含量呈极显著正相关,与Zn呈极显著负相关;土壤有机质含量与梨树叶片中N、Mg含量呈极显著正相关;叶片N、K、Ca、Mg、Zn含量与其所对应的土壤有效态养分均呈极显著或显著正相关。     

Effects of mangrove deforestation on fish assemblage at Pak Phanang Bay,southern Thailand

Daytime sampling using a seine net was conducted at Pak Phanang Bay (Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand) in February and July 2006, to determine differences in fish assemblage structures between a mangrove site and an adjacent site completely cleared of mangroves. The overall numbers of fish species and individuals were significantly higher at the mangrove site than the cleared site in both months. Although benthic crustacean feeders showed more species and individual numbers at the mangrove site in both months, the opposite was found for zooplankton feeders. A cluster analysis, based on the abundance of each species, demonstrated that the fish assemblage structures were distinctly different between the two sites. In addition, significant differences in length frequency distributions for each of the four most abundant species were found between the sites in February and/or July. Small individuals of Scatophagus argus, Ambassis nalua, and Tetraodon nigroviridis were more common at the mangrove site, and of Chelon subviridis at the cleared site. These results suggest that mangrove deforestation exerts marked effects on fish assemblages.     

城乡融合背景下粤港澳大湾区都市农业发展研究

从都市农业对城乡融合发展的经济、生态、社会贡献出发,分析了粤港澳大湾区城乡融合发展对都市农业的需求：一是大湾区城市空间扩展和农业生产用地保护利用,二是大湾区城乡要素系统的优化配置,三是大湾区建设成为高质量一流湾区,四是大湾区建设成为城乡融合发展的典范,这些需求都需要都市农业提供新的解决思路和方案。在此基础上,提出大湾区都市农业发展的六大原则：灵活多样、合作共享、适度规模、长期战略、技术利用、资源循环利用;并提出以下政策建议：一是转变观念,充分认识都市农业的功能与意义;二是明确发展方向,因地制宜发展都市农业;三是制定政策法规,确定都市农业的合法地位;四是加强舆论引导,吸引公众对都市农业的广泛参与和普遍支持;五是加强宜机化农田建设,增加都市农业设施装备和经营管理投入;六是加强都市农业理论模式和政策法规的研究。     

Culture of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man 1879) in experimental cages in a freshwater eutrophic lake at different stocking densities

Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man 1879) juveniles (0.4 g) were cultured in experimental cages (L × W × H: 2.5 × 1 × 1 m) in Laguna de Bay, the largest lake in the Philippines. The following stocking densities at four replicates each were used: 15, 30, 60 and 90 prawns m⁻² of cage bottom. The mean sizes at harvest after 5 months of culture ranged from 14.3 g for the highest stocking density to 26.3 g for the lowest. The mean size at harvest, daily growth rate and size class distribution were significantly influenced by stocking density, with those at the lowest stocking density showing significantly better growth and overall proportion of larger prawns. Heterogeneous individual growth (HIG) was fairly evident in all treatments. The percentage of blue‐clawed males was not influenced by treatment but the mean weight was significantly higher in the lower stocking densities. Both the percentage and mean weight of berried females were significantly higher in the lowest stocking density. Survival was the highest in the lower stocking densities (55.3%, 54.0%, 52.7% and 36.9% for 15, 30, 60 and 90 prawns m⁻² respectively). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) improved with decreasing stocking density, ranging from 2.1 to 3. As expected, yield per cropping increased with stocking density and ranged from 450 to 1089 g m⁻² yr⁻¹ of actual cage area. Production values obtained in the cage cultured M. rosenbergii were comparable to or even higher than those reported from pond culture, given that the stocking densities used in this study were generally higher than in ponds. The results show that the farming of M. rosenbergii in cages in lakes is a viable alternative to pond culture and has the potential of improve aquaculture production in lakeshore fish farming communities.     

应用贝叶斯网络模型评价象山港养殖区富营养化风险

为了真实、准确地反映象山港养殖区海域的富营养化状况,以2003—2007年,5年间的象山港养殖区水质监测资料为训练数据并结合有关研究结果,采用K2结构学习算法,构建了基于贝叶斯网络的象山港养殖区水质富营养化风险评价模型,通过该模型得到了各变量间的因果关系及其影响强度。结果表明,试验数据显示准确性为90．18％,Kappa指数为0．8770,以上证明该方法是有效可行的,预测结果表明象山港养殖区水环境富营养化程度日趋严重。     

唐岛湾网箱养殖对水环境的影响

2004-08～2005-05分4个航次对唐岛湾网箱养殖区的水环境进行了现场调查，分析讨论了网箱养殖对水环境的影响。结果表明，唐岛湾网箱养殖对海水的水温、盐度、透明度、DO、pH的影响不显著，对叶绿素a浓度的影响显著（t-test，P〈0.05）。养殖区CODMn虽然也显著高于对照点，但主要受陆源污染的影响，与网箱养殖关系不大。养殖区和对照点海水中无机氮的主要形态均以NO^3--N为主，其次是NH^4＋-N，NO2^--N最少，DIN、3种形态无机氮、无机磷的季节变化趋势也比较一致。除了NH^4＋-N外，唐岛湾网箱养殖对溶解态无机氮磷营养盐（NO3^--N、NO2^--N、DIN、PO4^3--P）的影响并不显著（t-test，P〉0.05），但养殖区内的含量比对照点有了一定程度的升高。以DIN和PO4^3--P作为N、P阈值来分析，目前唐岛湾网箱养殖区的水质未超出二类水质标准。唐岛湾网箱养殖区海水各季节的营养指数E值均小于1，表明养殖区的水质状况尚未达到富营养化水平。