福建东吾洋海域海水和沉积物菌群结构及其与环境因子相关性

福建东吾洋海域是我国刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)吊笼养殖的核心产区,但目前该地区的水域环境现状和环境菌群结构相关研究匮乏。本研究以东吾洋海域东安、马坑、雷江和沙湾4个主要养殖区域为对象,完成了海参养殖高峰期1月的水质环境因子调查和评价分析,采用高通量测序方法完成了水体和沉积物菌群多样性和差异特征菌群分析,解析了环境因子与菌群结构相关性。结果表明,马坑海域的富营养化指数为21.60,属于严重富营养化;东安和雷江海域属于重度富营养,只有沙湾海域处于中度富营养的水平。东安和沙湾海域水质属于轻度有机污染,而马坑和雷江海域属于中度有机污染。高通量测序共获得1 520个操作分类单元(operational taxonomic units, OTUs),归属于28门、57纲、163目、322科、581属。菌群结构多样性分析表明,各区域沉积物的菌群多样性水平均显著高于相应海域水体菌群多样性,且具有较强的空间异质性。沙湾海域环境菌群多样性与丰度最高。PCo A分析表明,沉积物和水体中细菌群落结构差异极显著,水体交换和海域位置对其水体和沉积物菌群结构的影响较大。具有潜在致病性的弧菌...     

海州湾及邻近海域日本枪乌贼时空分布的异质性

根据海州湾及邻近海域2011、2013、2014和2015年春、秋两季渔业资源底拖网调查的资料,运用重心分布和空间变异函数等方法研究了日本枪乌贼(Loligo japonica)资源密度重心和个体大小分布的变化趋势及其时空分布的异质性。结果表明,日本枪乌贼在不同年份春季的平均胴长均比秋季大,且春季日本枪乌贼胴长的年间差异不显著(P0.05),而秋季除2011与2013年、2013与2015年胴长的年间差异不显著(P0.05)外,其他年间胴长存在显著性差异(P0.05);大、小个体日本枪乌贼空间分布的区域化差异不明显,春、秋季日本枪乌贼的优势胴长组均为20~50 mm;春、秋季日本枪乌贼的资源分布重心移动轨迹相反,在年际、季节间重心分布的差异不显著(P0.05);日本枪乌贼的资源密度在20~30 km的尺度范围内空间异质比小于75%,呈现中等或强烈的空间自相关,具有良好的空间结构性。对日本枪乌贼个体规格与资源密度时空异质性的研究,可为其渔业合理的开发管理提供科学依据。     

Effects of intensive mariculture on the sediment environment as revealed by phytoplankton pigments in a semi‐enclosed bay,South China Sea

Phytoplankton pigment concentrations in the surface sediments of a fish and oyster farm in Dapeng Cove, South China Sea, were measured monthly to investigate the effects of mariculture on the environment from December 2011 to December 2012. The highest contents of the identified phytopigments, sulphides and total organic carbon in the surface sediments were all found at the fish farm, followed by the oyster farm; the lowest contents were detected at the control site. Fucoxanthin in the surface sediments was the most abundant carotenoid and was significantly correlated with chlorophyll a (Chl a; r = 0.922, P < 0.01). This finding suggested that the deposited diatoms could be the main source of the Chl a concentration. Besides a differential sedimentation of phytoplankton (i.e. higher downflux at fish and oyster site than that at control site), we assume that the extent of pigment diminution from the fish site to control site was also controlled by the chemical conditions of the surface sediments. The fish farm provided the most optimum preservation conditions for the phytopigments and was a good sink for phytodetritus among the three sites because of its anoxic and reductive characteristics. Phytoplankton pigments could be useful biomarkers to evaluate the influence of mariculture on sediment environment.     

浙江三门湾冬夏季蟹类数量分布和优势种的变化

利用2007年12月和2008年6月三门湾海域渔业资源调查资料,研究三门湾蟹类密度的时空分布,分析优势种、地形地貌和水文等因素对蟹类分布的影响。结果表明,12月和6月蟹类重量密度分别为38.44 kg/km2和75.20 kg/km2,尾数密度为1.99×103ind/km2和3.66×103ind/km2。蟹类重量密度分布呈三门湾西北部水域高于东南部水域趋势,尾数密度分布则呈三门湾西北部水域低于东南部水域趋势。依据相对重要性指数分析的结果,日本蟳是本海域蟹类第一优势种,其次为经济品种三疣梭子蟹。两季蟹类大部分为幼体,夏季比冬季种类数有增加。上述优势种对三门湾蟹类数量的变化有较明显的回归贡献。     

Confirmation of yessotoxin production by the dinoflagellate <Emphasis Type="Italic">Protoceratium reticulatum</Emphasis> in Mutsu Bay

ABSTRACT:   Yessotoxin (YTX) is a shellfish toxin and its contamination in bivalves has seriously damaged shellfish industries. The biogenetic origin of YTX was identified as the dinoflagellate Protoceratium reticulatum (Claparède et Lachmann) Bütschli collected in New Zealand and Yamada Bay, Iwate in Japan. Scallops cultured in Mutsu Bay, Japan, were frequently contaminated with YTX, however, occurrence of P. reticulatum in this bay and YTX production by the local strains have not been investigated. Eight strains of P. reticulatum , isolated from the bay, were cultured in the laboratory, and analyzed by fluorometric high-pressure liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry methods for YTX production and composition. All strains tested were confirmed to produce YTX, and none of them produced known YTX analogs. Toxin amount and composition differed from strain to strain. This result is also confirmation of one of the biogenetic origins of YTX in Mutsu Bay.     

乳山湾泥蚶繁殖期及蚶苗的生长与分布

本文报道了对山东乳山县乳山湾泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)的繁殖期、蚶苗的生长和分布等所调查的结果。调查表明，7月初、7月中旬和8月上旬是乳山湾泥蚶的繁殖盛期；蚶苗入冬时的壳长可达5毫米左右，甚至超过8毫米，蚶苗生长的适宜温度是23-28℃，其月增长可达1．3-1．4毫米；蚶苗的分布与潮位呈明显的负相关，蚶苗集中在低潮线至中潮区下部的狭长地带，在这地带潮位越高蚶苗个体越大；蚶苗分布与底质的关系密切，当底质中直径为190微米的颗粒占65-85％时，蚶苗的分布量较大。文中对采苗预报和采苗时间的确定等提出了建议。     

Changes in reproductive patterns in relation to decline in stock abundance of the Japanese mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria in Tokyo Bay

ABSTRACT:   We investigated changes in the reproductive patterns of mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria concurrent with stock-abundance decline in Tokyo Bay, Japan. Stock abundance was high in the mid to late 1980s but decreased abruptly in the early 1990s. The yearly change in annual mean larval abundance was similar to that of stock abundance. Mantis shrimp in the bay have two spawning seasons, an early season (May–June) for ≥1-year-old individuals and a late season (July–September) for 0–1-year-old individuals. This general reproductive pattern does not differ among different stock-abundance levels. However, the monthly pattern in larval abundance has changed with stock-abundance decline; larval abundance from the early spawning season was highest in the high-stock-abundance period, and it decreased significantly in the low-stock-abundance period, probably as a result of decreased spawning-stock abundance of large female mantis shrimp ≥1-year-old. Correlation analysis on the egg production index and larval abundance suggested that during this low-stock-abundance period the population is supported mostly by late-hatched larvae spawned by small, 0–1-year-old female mantis shrimp. Considering the reproductive pattern and the present status of the fishery, the stock of small female mantis shrimp should be conserved to enhance reproduction of the population for stock recovery.     

桑沟湾养殖海域的水环境特征

本文研究了桑沟湾养殖海域的水环境特征,并与１０年前的历史资料作了比较。该湾各种化学指标的垂直分布均匀;受大面积高密度养殖影响,该湾水动力状况与１０年前相比发生了明显变化,营养物质输送和海水自净能力降低;各种化学指标、初级生产力、营养状况及类型等平面分布和季节性变化都有更加显著的差异。在海带养殖期间,ＩＮ和ＩＮ／ＩＰ始终处于低水平,其季节变化明显受该湾初级生产力制约,故ＩＮ必然成为桑沟湾初级生产的限制因素。另外,海带养殖也加速了其养殖期间湾内水体中ＩＮ的物质循环速率。     

环杭州湾森林资源现状分析与评价

以浙江省森林资源连续清查第五次复查结果为依据,对环杭州湾的森林资源现状进行了综合论述,对正确、科学地认识环杭州湾的森林资源结构特点,指导该区域的林业生产,合理经营、科学管理森林资源,具有一定的现实意义。     

1987-2017年莱州湾沿岸土地利用变化及其对海岸线变化的影响

[目的]阐释莱州湾沿岸土地利用变化及其对海岸线的影响,为政府以及相关部门在进行海岸线规划提供土地利用方面的数据支撑。[方法]提取莱州湾近岸1987-2017年的土地利用变化信息以及海岸线空间分布,计算土地利用程度指数,随后利用DSAS计算相邻时相海岸线各段的变化速率,通过ArcGIS软件的叠加分析工具,得到影响各个时相海岸线变化速率和海岸线长度的信息。[结果]①1987-2017年,水产养殖用地、盐场用地以及建设用地面积逐渐增加;内陆水体面积总体呈增加趋势;裸地呈减少趋势;草地和耕地则先增加后减少;林地变化不明显。②土地利用程度逐渐变强,土地利用程度强等级由零散点分布变为集中面状分布。③土地利用以围填海的形式影响海岸线的变化速率。莱州湾内部的围海和人工填海使得岸线向海推进。黄河泥沙淤积填海使得黄河三角洲处的岸线向海推进,而该处岸线的背海移动则主要受到海水影响。[结论]莱州湾沿岸土地利用变化明显,土地利用程度逐年变强。土地利用以围填海的形式影响海岸线的变化速率,使得海岸线既有向海推进又有背海移动。裸地和水产养殖用地为1987-2005年影响海岸线长度的主导因素,建设用地和裸地为2005-2017年影响海岸线长度的主导因素。