Comparison of spatiotemporal patterns in reproduction of the kuruma prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus between two regions having different geographic conditions in Kyushu, southern Japan

ABSTRACT:   The Yatsushiro Sea and Shibushi Bay are, respectively, located on the western and south-eastern coast of Kyushu, southern Japan. The Yatsushiro Sea is a shallow semi-enclosed inland sea, whereas Shibushi Bay is an open-type bay with a deep and wide mouth facing the open sea. The size at sexual maturity and spatiotemporal patterns of reproduction of the kuruma prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus (Decapoda, Penaeidae) were examined and compared between these two regions. In the Yatsushiro Sea, the size at sexual maturity was estimated to be 131 mm body length. However, the estimated size at sexual maturity was considerably larger (154 mm) in Shibushi Bay. The spawning season of M. japonicus was estimated to continue from April to September in the Yatsushiro Sea, whereas it was estimated to be longer in Shibushi Bay, from March to November. It is believed that the warm water temperature due to the strong effect of the Kuroshio Current prolonged the spawning season of M. japonicus in Shibushi Bay. The spawning grounds were estimated to be in areas deeper than 10 m in the Yatsushiro Sea and deeper than 20 m in Shibushi Bay. In Shibushi Bay, body size distribution of mature females was considered to be less affected by water depth in comparison with the Yatsushiro Sea, although older mature females larger than 200 mm body length also spawned outside of the bay.     

杨梅果实挥发油的气-质联用分析

首次对新鲜和贮藏的木叶杨梅(Myrica rubra Sieb.et Zucc.)果实挥发油(volatile oils)进行了GC-MS联用分析比较。新鲜果实挥发油分离得到58个色谱峰,从中鉴定出49种成分,占挥发油相对含量的96.03%;3～5℃贮藏5 d后的果实挥发油分离得到66个色谱峰,从中鉴定出57种成分,占挥发油相对含量的87.17%。木叶杨梅果实中因含大量单萜及倍半萜而带有浓郁的甜香、花香和木香。杨梅贮藏过程中挥发油萜类化合物种类和含量变化明显,使杨梅的香气、口感发生改变,新鲜度降低。贮藏过程中具有抗菌作用化合物的消失和含量的减少,使杨梅果实抗菌防腐能力降低。研究结果为杨梅果实的保鲜、加工和开发提供了参考依据。     

近年来香溪河营养盐时空分布趋势研究

为研究近年来香溪河库湾营养盐分布特征及营养化程度,于2008-2015年春季水华敏感期对三峡水库香溪河库湾进行水环境监测,使用改进的综合营养状态指数法与主成分分析法对其水体营养化状况进行分析和评价。结果表明,香溪河库湾TN、TP浓度从香溪河上游到河口的纵向分布规律明显,TN浓度从上游至下游河口呈现逐渐递增的趋势,TP浓度从上游至下游河口呈逐渐递减的趋势;透明度为0.6~6.0m,香溪河库湾TN浓度为0.21~1.87mg/L;TP浓度为0.04~0.37mg/L;Chl-a含量为0.53~184.61μg/L,2种评价结果基本一致。从时间上看,香溪河库湾富营养化程度是上游中游下游;从年际上看,水库蓄水过程能够临时降低水库干支流水体中的营养盐浓度,但增大了来年支流水体富营养化的风险,可见未来的香溪河富营养化问题将持续存在。     

双岛湾海域人工鱼礁区水质状况及其季节变化特征

根据2011年夏季(8月)、秋季(11月)和2012年冬季(3月)、春季(5月)水环境调查资料,采用单因子污染指数法、营养指数法、营养状态指数法和有机污染综合指数法对威海双岛湾海域人工鱼礁区域的水质状况进行了评价.结果表明:(1)鱼礁区溶解氧、pH、无机氮、活性磷酸盐和COD污染指数均＜1.0,海水未受到上述因子的污染;(2)鱼礁区海水处于贫营养水平,水质指标季节变化不明显;(3)鱼礁区与鱼礁影响区、对照区比较,海水营养指数、营养水平和有机污染指数无显著差异,显示鱼礁短期内对水质改善作用不明显.     

浙江省杭州湾地区城市规划对耕地保护的潜在影响

以浙江省沿杭州湾经济快速发展地区为例,结合土地利用现状、城市规划和农用地分等数据,利用GIS空间分析方法,探讨了该地区未来城市建设用地扩展及其对耕地数量和质量的潜在威胁。结果表明：研究区是浙江省耕地资源分布相对集中且质量较高的地区,规划期间建设用地扩展迅速,新增用地面积达9.4×104 hm2;按照现有规划,研究区将减少耕地面积7.1×104 hm2,耕地是规划新增建设用地的主要来源,约占75%;优质耕地的减少量大,减少速度快,一至五等耕地的减少量占67.5%,一、二等耕地到2020年将分别减少37.16%和35.52%。建议应用农用地分等成果对规划占用的耕地进行质量评价,调整规划方案,减少建设对耕地数量质量的影响,保障粮食生产能力。     

Relationships between watershed Stressors and sediment contamination in Chesapeake Bay estuaries

Three methods for assessing the relationships between estuarine sediment contaminant levels and watershed Stressors for 25 Chesapeake Bay sub-estuaries were compared. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to delineate watersheds for each sub-estuary and analyze land use pattern (area and location of developed, herbaceous and forested land) and point source pollution (annual outflow and contaminant loading) using three landscape analysis methods: (1) a watershed approach using the watershed of the estuary containing the sampling station. (2) a partial watershed approach using the area of the watershed within a 10 km radius of the sampling station and (3) a weighted partial watershed approach where Stressors within the partial watershed were weighted by the inverse of their linear distance from the sampling station. Nine sediment metals, 16 sediment organics and seven metals loading variables were each reduced to one principal component for statistical analyses. Relationships between the first principal components for sediment metals and organics concentrations and watershed stressor variables were analyzed using rank correlation and stepwise multiple regression techniques. For both metals and organics, the watershed method yieldedR ² values considerably lower than the partial and weighted partial watershed analysis methods. Regression models using Stressor data generated by the weighted partial watershed landscape analysis method explained 76% and 47% of the variation in the first principal component for sediment metals and organics concentrations, respectively. Results suggest that the area of developed land located in the watershed within 10 km of the sediment sampling station is a major contributing factor in the sediment concentrations of both metals and organics.     

胶州湾浮动弯角藻赤潮生消动态过程及其成因分析

分析了1999年6月8日-15日胶州湾东北养殖消耗域浮动弯角藻赤潮生消动态过程中各环境因子的变化及赤潮成因，结果表明，该海域无机营养盐含量较高，为赤潮的发生提供了必需的营养物质；赤潮发生前天气闷热无雨，有利于浮动弯角藻的快速生长繁殖；赤潮形成至发展期该海域盛行南风，浮动弯角藻的物理性聚集对赤潮迅速形成有重要影响；赤潮维持阶段天气稳定，赤潮持续时间较长；最终无机磷、活性硅酸盐的耗尽使赤潮逐步走向消亡。     

威海湾营养盐季节变化特征及与环境因子的相关性分析

根据2006-2007年威海湾4个航次营养盐的调查资料,分析该海域海水中无机氮(DIN)、磷酸盐(PO43--P)和硅酸盐(SiO32--Si)的季节变化规律及其与环境因子的典型相关性。结果表明,NO3--N是DIN的主要存在形式,比例达50%以上。营养盐季节性变化明显,秋冬季DIN和PO43--P浓度较高,春夏季较低,SiO32--Si的变化则相反。四季DIN和PO43--P浓度均大于浮游植物生长阈值,仅冬季SiO23--Si浓度低于浮游植物生长阈值。冬季浮游植物生长的限制因子是Si,其他季节具有P限制的潜在性。营养盐和环境因子具有较大的典型相关性,其中,盐度、pH和NO3--N、PO43--P、SiO23--Si相关性最大,典型相关系数达到0.979。     

崂山湾春季鱼类群落的摄食生态及其主要种类

崂山湾位于黄海的胶州湾和丁字湾之间,海湾开阔,是当前增殖放流的重点海域。根据2014年5月在崂山湾海域进行的底拖网调查,分析了该海域春季鱼类群落的种类组成和摄食生态。结果表明,崂山湾春季鱼类群落共32种鱼类,隶属8目,21科,30属;以鲈形目(Perciformes)的虾虎鱼科(Gobiidae)和石首鱼科(Sciaenidae)种类最多;优势种有皮氏叫姑鱼(Johnius belengerii)、短吻红舌鳎(Cynoglossus joyneri)和矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias),主要种有大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)、斑鰶(Clupanodon punctatus)、赤鼻棱鳀(Thrissa kammalensis)、丝虾虎鱼(Cryptocentrus filifer)、方氏云鳚(Enedrias fangi)和银鲳(Pampus argenteus)。崂山湾春季鱼类群落的种类丰富度指数R为3.19,多样性指数H′为2.34;均匀度指数J′为0.68。胃含物分析结果表明,春季崂山湾生态系统鱼类群落的平均营养级为3.52;主要包括了浮游动物食性、杂食性和底栖动物食性3种食性类型,以底栖动物食性鱼类为主。在当前捕捞、气候变化和人类活动等多重压力下,海湾生态系统承受了巨大的压力,针对不同的海湾生态系统进行基础调研,可为制订相应的增殖放流、渔业保护和管理策略提供重要科学依据。     

Damage by monk seals to gear of the artisanal fishery in the Foça Monk Seal Pilot Conservation Area, Turkey

The present study examines the operational interaction between critically endangered monk seals Monachus monachus and artisanal fisheries in the Foça Pilot Monk Seal Conservation Area, Turkey between 1994 and 2002. One to four permanent researchers collected the data on this interaction during the seal sighting data inquiries. Interviews with the fishermen provided 142 direct interactions with monk seals around the fishing gear. Among these encounters damage to fishing gear, including gill nets (53%), trammel nets (37%), longlines (9%) and a lure (1%) was recorded 90 times. However, no difference was found in damage between gill and trammel nets. Although, the damage inflicted by seals per occasion was found to be substantial (maximum 462.5 USD per occasion), the overall annual economic impact on the artisanal fishery was found to be modest. Limitation in soaking time of nets; long-line use instead of nets in MPAs where monk seals survive; and low interest credits to be given to those fishermen who suffer monk seal damage, are proposed as appropriate management practices.