上海地区水产养殖和长江口与杭州湾水域环境的关系

据长江口、杭州湾渔业水域环境状况与我国水产养殖特点，分析研究了水产养殖和水环境的相互关系。目前两水域已受到无机氮、有机物、活性磷、石油类、重金属等不同程度的污染，并且这些物质的含量均已超过我国渔业水质标准或一类海水标准。而两水域具有重要的渔业经济价值，其沿岸地域是上海市等地区海产品养殖基地。两水域的污染状况，影响了该地区水产业的健康发展；目前水产养殖所采用的高密度、高投饵率、高换水率的传统养殖法也是造成水域环境污染的因素之一。为此提出应及早研究和制定长江口与杭州湾环境容量基准和上海沿岸地区养殖容量基准、尽快完善有关法律与法规制定、强化执法与管理、提高沿岸排放废水处理的强度、建立水资源收费和排废配额制度等建议。     

应用贝叶斯网络模型评价象山港养殖区富营养化风险

为了真实、准确地反映象山港养殖区海域的富营养化状况,以2003—2007年,5年间的象山港养殖区水质监测资料为训练数据并结合有关研究结果,采用K2结构学习算法,构建了基于贝叶斯网络的象山港养殖区水质富营养化风险评价模型,通过该模型得到了各变量间的因果关系及其影响强度。结果表明,试验数据显示准确性为90．18％,Kappa指数为0．8770,以上证明该方法是有效可行的,预测结果表明象山港养殖区水环境富营养化程度日趋严重。     

桑沟湾养殖生态系统健康综合评价

桑沟湾是我国北方以筏式养殖利用为主的典型海湾,来自养殖的压力对海湾生态系统和养殖自身的健康发展产生了影响.利用《海洋养殖生态系统健康综合评价:方法与模式》建立的方法,对桑沟湾这一养殖生态系统的健康进行了综合评价.结果表明:桑沟湾养殖生态系统受到中等程度的压力,主要来自较高的养殖密度、较大的养殖面积和陆源营养盐的输入;生态系统状态等级为较好,其中水交换、水体环境和底质环境均为较好;自然生物群落状态为中等;生态系统响应中的养殖病害问题和养殖产品质量问题为中等.总体评价,桑沟湾养殖生态系统健康勉强达到较好水平,控制养殖密度和规模等措施是改善桑沟湾生态系统健康的必要途径.     

粤港澳大湾区背景下高职校企协同育人的对策研究

随着粤港澳大湾区战略规划的发布和推进,将粤港澳大湾区打造成为教育和人才高地,粤港澳大湾区职业教育发展迎来了历史性机遇。在粤港澳大湾区背景下,提出了高职院校的发展需要三地政府企业学校和社会共同合作,引进先进的职教理念,加强职业教育与产业发展无缝对接,调动行业企业参与职业教育的积极性,发挥各自的资源优势,优化资源配置和功能整合,协同培养适应经济发展需要的高素质技术技能人才,为大湾区经济建设与社会发展提供有力的人力支撑。     

影响海湾扇贝中间育成效果的因素探讨

影响海湾扇贝中间育成效果的主要因素有:育成器具种类(A)、换袋时间(B)、网孔大小(C)和装苗量(D)。正交试验和方差试验表明,A、C、D为提高保苗率的敏感因素,B、C、D为提高生长效果的显著因素。试验结果提出:网箱或圆锥形袋的保苗率明显优于扁袋;每隔15～30天更换一次网袋可显著加快贝苗的生长速度,网孔大小以2mm为适宜,每袋最终实际装苗量应在2000只以内。     

Comparison of spatiotemporal patterns in reproduction of the kuruma prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus between two regions having different geographic conditions in Kyushu, southern Japan

ABSTRACT:   The Yatsushiro Sea and Shibushi Bay are, respectively, located on the western and south-eastern coast of Kyushu, southern Japan. The Yatsushiro Sea is a shallow semi-enclosed inland sea, whereas Shibushi Bay is an open-type bay with a deep and wide mouth facing the open sea. The size at sexual maturity and spatiotemporal patterns of reproduction of the kuruma prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus (Decapoda, Penaeidae) were examined and compared between these two regions. In the Yatsushiro Sea, the size at sexual maturity was estimated to be 131 mm body length. However, the estimated size at sexual maturity was considerably larger (154 mm) in Shibushi Bay. The spawning season of M. japonicus was estimated to continue from April to September in the Yatsushiro Sea, whereas it was estimated to be longer in Shibushi Bay, from March to November. It is believed that the warm water temperature due to the strong effect of the Kuroshio Current prolonged the spawning season of M. japonicus in Shibushi Bay. The spawning grounds were estimated to be in areas deeper than 10 m in the Yatsushiro Sea and deeper than 20 m in Shibushi Bay. In Shibushi Bay, body size distribution of mature females was considered to be less affected by water depth in comparison with the Yatsushiro Sea, although older mature females larger than 200 mm body length also spawned outside of the bay.     

杨梅果实挥发油的气-质联用分析

首次对新鲜和贮藏的木叶杨梅(Myrica rubra Sieb.et Zucc.)果实挥发油(volatile oils)进行了GC-MS联用分析比较。新鲜果实挥发油分离得到58个色谱峰,从中鉴定出49种成分,占挥发油相对含量的96.03%;3～5℃贮藏5 d后的果实挥发油分离得到66个色谱峰,从中鉴定出57种成分,占挥发油相对含量的87.17%。木叶杨梅果实中因含大量单萜及倍半萜而带有浓郁的甜香、花香和木香。杨梅贮藏过程中挥发油萜类化合物种类和含量变化明显,使杨梅的香气、口感发生改变,新鲜度降低。贮藏过程中具有抗菌作用化合物的消失和含量的减少,使杨梅果实抗菌防腐能力降低。研究结果为杨梅果实的保鲜、加工和开发提供了参考依据。     

Relationships between watershed Stressors and sediment contamination in Chesapeake Bay estuaries

Three methods for assessing the relationships between estuarine sediment contaminant levels and watershed Stressors for 25 Chesapeake Bay sub-estuaries were compared. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to delineate watersheds for each sub-estuary and analyze land use pattern (area and location of developed, herbaceous and forested land) and point source pollution (annual outflow and contaminant loading) using three landscape analysis methods: (1) a watershed approach using the watershed of the estuary containing the sampling station. (2) a partial watershed approach using the area of the watershed within a 10 km radius of the sampling station and (3) a weighted partial watershed approach where Stressors within the partial watershed were weighted by the inverse of their linear distance from the sampling station. Nine sediment metals, 16 sediment organics and seven metals loading variables were each reduced to one principal component for statistical analyses. Relationships between the first principal components for sediment metals and organics concentrations and watershed stressor variables were analyzed using rank correlation and stepwise multiple regression techniques. For both metals and organics, the watershed method yieldedR ² values considerably lower than the partial and weighted partial watershed analysis methods. Regression models using Stressor data generated by the weighted partial watershed landscape analysis method explained 76% and 47% of the variation in the first principal component for sediment metals and organics concentrations, respectively. Results suggest that the area of developed land located in the watershed within 10 km of the sediment sampling station is a major contributing factor in the sediment concentrations of both metals and organics.     

闽东滩涂养殖对三都澳环境与资源的影响浅析

闽东三都澳具有与世界名港鹿特丹相媲美的港口资源,其深水航道国内少有,由于多种因素使其作为备用港口,至今未深度开发.闽东利用其丰富的滩涂资源优势发展规模巨大的水产养殖业,如养殖大黄鱼产量占我国大黄鱼产量的80％,这种养殖在一定程度上促进闽东经济的发展.但这种养殖也给闽东三都澳水环境带来严重的影响,造成水体富营养化和沉积速率加大,对该区旅游资源和港口资源的开发使用等影响很大.基于分析,建议该地的滩涂养殖需要重新定位和布局,注重旅游资源和港口资源的今后开发对当地资源与经济的深远影响,对闽东产业转型升级和生态环境保护具有重要意义.     

Damage by monk seals to gear of the artisanal fishery in the Foça Monk Seal Pilot Conservation Area, Turkey

The present study examines the operational interaction between critically endangered monk seals Monachus monachus and artisanal fisheries in the Foça Pilot Monk Seal Conservation Area, Turkey between 1994 and 2002. One to four permanent researchers collected the data on this interaction during the seal sighting data inquiries. Interviews with the fishermen provided 142 direct interactions with monk seals around the fishing gear. Among these encounters damage to fishing gear, including gill nets (53%), trammel nets (37%), longlines (9%) and a lure (1%) was recorded 90 times. However, no difference was found in damage between gill and trammel nets. Although, the damage inflicted by seals per occasion was found to be substantial (maximum 462.5 USD per occasion), the overall annual economic impact on the artisanal fishery was found to be modest. Limitation in soaking time of nets; long-line use instead of nets in MPAs where monk seals survive; and low interest credits to be given to those fishermen who suffer monk seal damage, are proposed as appropriate management practices.